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Biomedical subjects

J Shimazaki

Publications and source records attributed to J Shimazaki.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), gamma-seminoprotein (gamma-Sm) and prostate specific antigen (PA) in prostatic cancer].

The levels of prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), gamma-seminoprotein (gamma-Sm) and prostate specific antigen (PA) were determined in the serum of 200 untreated patients 28 patients with reactivated prostatic cancer and 179 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) from 1979 to 1987. PAP and gamma-Sm were determined using an Eiken and Chugai kit, respectively and PA was assayed using an Eiken or Travenol kit. The sensitivity of PAP, gamma-Sm and PA respectively in the untreated prostatic cancer cases was 0, 0% and 67%, for Stage A1, 25, 17 and 100% for Stage A2, 23, 50 and 60% for Stage B, 62, 81 and 94% in Stage C, 58, 67 and 90% for Stage D1, 86, 88 and 100% for Stage D2. The specificity of PAP, gamma-Sm and PA is 89, 69 and 43%, respectively. The efficiency of PAP was the highest at all stages as a whole, but when compared at each stage, gamma-Sm was the highest at Stages B and C. The sensitivity of simultaneous assays of PAP and gamma-Sm was slightly increased, but sensitivity was not increased by simultaneous use of three markers. The efficiency of a simultaneous assay was lower than that of a single assay with PAP. However, combined determination of gamma-Sm or PA with PAP was found to be useful for monitoring the clinical course of the reactivated patients. Correlation between PAP and PA levels was high, but that between gamma-Sm and PA levels was low. There was no correlation between PAP and gamma-Sm levels. In conclusion, PAP is the most valuable marker for prostatic cancer, and gamma-Sm is of value for use in combination with PAP. However, an additional PA assay was not found to be of advantage.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1988

[Comparison of 3 assay kits of prostate specific antigen in serum of prostatic cancer].

The serum prostate specific antigen (PA) of the patients with prostatic cancer were determined with 3 assay kits, the Diagnostic Products Cooperation (DPC) kit, the Eiken kit and the Dainippon Pharmaceutical Co. (MARKIT F) kit. The first 2 assay kits involve radioimmunoassay and the latter EIA. For comparison, prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and gamma-seminoprotein (gamma-Sm) were determined using an Eiken kit and Chugai kit. Efficiency of the DPC kit, Eiken kit and the MARKIT F kit for untreated prostatic cancer was 26, 25 and 36%, respectively. The PA level measured using the Eiken kit and the MARKIT F kit both well correlated to the PAP level, but with the DPC kit correlation was slightly low. The PA level measured using the 3 different kits correlated poorly with the gamma-Sm level. The PA values obtained with 3 different assays from patients with prostatic cancer were highly correlated, but showed great differences in the values measured. When the standards used in the DPC kit were analyzed by the Eiken kit, the DPC standards as measured by the Eiken kit had only about half of their assigned values. The same standards were analyzed by the MARKIT F kit, the standards yielded measured values about one third of their assigned values. When the standards used in the MARKIT F kit were analyzed by the Eiken kit, the MARKIT F standards yielded measured values about 2.5 fold of their assigned values. The differences between the values obtained with the 3 assay kits presented a serious problem in clinical use of PA. Standardization of these assay kits will be awaited.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1988

[Clinical effects of terodiline hydrochloride on urinary frequency and sense of residual urine--a double blind clinical trial using flavoxate hydrochloride as a control].

A double blind clinical trial was performed as a multicenter study to determine the usefulness of terodiline hydrochloride (HCl), an anticholinergic and calcium antagonistic agent, for urinary frequency or sense of residual urine in patients with psychogenic diseases, chronic prostatitis or chronic cystitis. Either 24 mg of terodiline HCl a day or 600 mg of flavoxate HCl a day was given for 4 weeks. One hundred and ninety-nine patients completed the test. The final global improvement rating was 70% in patients given terodiline HCl and 48% in patients given flavoxate HCl. The difference was statistically significant (p less than 0.01). Diurnal and nocturnal urinary frequency and urinary incontinence were less in patients given terodiline HCl than in patients given flavoxate HCl (p less than 0.01). No difference was noted between the two agents in relieving sense of residual urine. Compared with the control period, the average urinary frequency decreased 2.0 times a day in patients given terodiline HCl and 0.7 times in patients given flavoxate HCl. The difference was statistically significant (p less than 0.01). Adverse effects were observed in 12% of the patients given terodiline HCl and in 16% of the patients given flavoxate HCl. They included thirst, difficult urination, constipation, slight increase of serum GOT, GPT or alkaline phosphatase, and so forth. They disappeared with discontinued use of the agent. The global utility rating was 68% in patients given terodiline HCl and 45% in patients given flavoxate HCl, the difference being significant (p less than 0.01). These results indicate that terodiline HCl is useful for the treatment of urinary symptoms in patients with psychogenic diseases, chronic prostatitis or chronic cystitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Clinical studies on the measurement of urinary tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) levels using Prolifigen TPA kit "Daiichi"-II in urothelial cancers].

We have investigated the clinical significance of urinary tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) as a tumor marker for urothelial cancers. Urinary TPA levels were determined by the immunoradiometric assay of Prolifigen TPA Kit "Daiichi"-II in 486 healthy controls and 1835 patients with various diseases including 526 with urothelial cancers and 140 with prostatic cancer. The mean value of urinary TPA was 199 +/- 213 (1SD)U/1 in 486 healthy controls. 95% of them having a level below 600 U/l. Therefore, 600 U/l was applied as a cut-off level. Positive rates of urothelial cancers and reactivated prostatic cancer were 57.6% (148 of 248 cases) and 45.5% (5 of 11 cases) respectively. On the other hand, the false positive rate of most urological benign diseases was only about 20% except for the acute stage of urinary tract infections and upper urinary tract stones with hydronephrosis. There was no significant difference in the positive rate between urinary TPA level and urinary cytology in urothelial cancers. The combination of both tests raised the positive rate to 73.1%. Therefore, urinary TPA may be useful in the monitoring of urothelial cancers, and the combination of urinary TPA and urinary cytology may increase the diagnostic accuracy.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1988

[Treatment of prostatic cancer with slow-release formulation of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH-RH) analog].

A slow-release formulation of the luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH-RH)analog(TAP-144-SR) was administered in 6 cases of prostatic cancer. Five were untreated cases, 3 of moderately-differentiated and 2 of poorly-differentiated cancers (four D2 and one C, NX), the other (D2) was under control by another LH-RH analog. The plasma level of luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone fell below normal, and the plasma testosterone was less than 1 ng/ml by four weeks after start of treatment. According to the National Prostatic Cancer Project Criteria, 2 of the untreated cases showed a partial response and 3 of the untreated ones showed a stable response, one of which underwent transurethral resection later. The pretreated case still continued controlled more than 4 months. No side effect was noticed.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1988

[Treatment of prostatic cancer with intranasal administration of LHRH analog, Buserelin (Hoe 766) study of the optimum dosage of intranasal application].

Patients with pathologically defined prostatic carcinoma (114 cases in 23 institutes) were subcutaneously administered 500 micrograms of Buserelin (Hoe 766) 3 times a day for 7 consecutive days, then randomized to intranasally administered 600 or 900 micrograms/day of Buserelin as maintenance treatment. We examined the clinical efficacy, safety and endocrinological effects of the drug by the intranasal dosage. Size of prostate decreased more than 25% in 21 cases (total 47 cases; measured at the start and 3 months treatment by ultrasonography. Complete response and partial response were observed in 13 cases (16.1%) by NPCP's criteria at 3 months Buserelin treatment. Grobal Improvement Rating (GIR) were respectively 64.3% (600 micrograms group) and 68.0% (900 micrograms group). Grobal Utility Rating (GUR) were respectively 85.7% (600 micrograms group) and 82.0% (900 micrograms group). No significance was observed in these two groups. Adverse reactions were observed in 21 cases (18.9%). Except in 1 case, they were slight and the Buserelin treatment could be continued. Objectively Safety Rating (OSR) was 92.8%. Five cases were treated for more than 2 years with Buserelin and these cases were well controlled. Buserelin was considered as an effective and safe drug to treat prostatic carcinoma.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1988

[Treatment of prostatic cancer].

Since more than half of stage A-C prostatic cancers show pelvic lymph node metastasis (D1, pN1-3), a staging operation is required at the start of treatment. Most pN0 and pN1 (stage A2BC) cases have been treated with radiation, and good results have been obtained. Endocrine therapy, consisting of orchiectomy and immediate administration of a large dose, followed by an intermediate dose of estrogen or antiandrogen, was applied to pN2-4 and D2 cancer cases. Five-year survival was approximately 40%, and side effects were less marked than those reported in western countries. Factors affecting prognosis during endocrine therapy were grade, acid phosphatase response, and tissue androphilic protein. For D2 with risk factors, chemoendocrine therapy was applied, but no improvement in survival was observed.

Androgen Antagonists↗
PubMed1988

[A comparative study of the effects of drug therapy and bladder training therapy].

Treatment of enuresis was studied in 168 patients. The patients were divided into two groups, the drug therapy group which consisted of 88 patients who were treated with drugs only, and the bladder training therapy group which consisted of 80 patients who were treated mainly with bladder training supplemented with drug therapy. In the drug therapy group imipramine was the first choice and was used at bed time. The dose of imipramine was initially 1 mg/kg and was gradually decreased if it worked well, and changed to other drugs if it did not work well. In the bladder training therapy group, bladder training was performed in all patients for 3 months, and 22 patients who cured further bladder training was continued, whereas the rest of the patients (58 patients) drug therapy was started in addition to bladder training. After 3 months, drug therapy was effective for 54 patients (61%) including 10 patients (11%) who were cured, and bladder training therapy plus drug therapy was effective for 55 patients (69%) including 22 patients (28%) who were cured. The number of cured patients in the bladder training therapy group was significantly larger than that of the drug therapy group (p less than 0.01). After 6 months, drug therapy was effective for 56 patients (64%) including 16 patients (18%) who were cured, and bladder training therapy plus drug therapy was effective for 66 patients (83%) including 30 patients (38%) who were cured. The number of effective and cured patients in the bladder training therapy group was significantly larger than that in the drug therapy group (p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Lectin-binding sugar chain in bladder tumors].

We studied the lectin binding patterns of 40 initial superficial and 10 subsequent invasive bladder tumors by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) method using the following biotin-labeled lectins: PNA, DBA, UEA-I, BS-I, ConA and WGA. We observed the relationship between lectin binding and subsequent course of initial superficial tumors, grade and stage (T). DBA or WGA staining tumors and Con A negative tumors revealed no recurrence or superficial recurrence. Low grade tumors were DBA or BS-I positive and high grade tumors were ConA positive. Low staging tumors possessed DBA or WGA positiveness and high staging tumors had ConA positiveness. From these results we considered that negative staining of WGA or DBA, or positive staining of ConA was a change accompanying the malignant potentiality.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Prostatic carcinoma. I: Androgen dependency of prostatic carcinoma].

Endocrine therapy, which consists of orchiectomy followed by administration of large doses of estrogen, then a reduced amount of estrogen, has been applied as the main treatment for stage D2 prostatic cancer. Alternatively, anti-androgen is used for elderly patients or those with cardiovascular disorders. Survival rate with endocrine therapy at 5 and 10 years was 35% and 16%, respectively. Therefore, in Japan, a better survival is shown than that reported in western countries using much smaller doses of estrogen. Most of the side effects caused by estrogen are not serious. Side effects caused by anti-androgen are few except for loss of libido. At the start of treatment, more than 80% of patients showed a response, but gradually relapse occurred and only 20% were well controlled 5 years after the start. Factors influencing the survival were pathological grade, response to endocrine therapy judged by the level of prostatic acid phosphatase 4 weeks after the start, and R1881 (methyltrienolone)-binding protein observed histochemically. The latter protein was also correlated with the grade and response to endocrine therapy. Relapse after endocrine therapy might be attributable to adaptation or mutation progressing to androgen-independent cells. Using SC 115, an androgen-dependent mouse tumor, these two types of relapse were demonstrated. Gradual progression to undifferentiated cancer was noticed between pretreatment biopsy and autopsy. Relapse in human prostatic cancer may thus be partly due to genetic change to a resistant clone.

Androgen Antagonists↗
PubMed1987

Modalities of chemotherapy and endocrine therapy for growth inhibition of androgen-stimulated mouse carcinoma (Shionogi carcinoma 115).

Effects of chemotherapy and endocrine therapy applied individually or in combination on growth of an androgen-stimulated mouse tumor, Shionogi carcinoma 115 (SC 115), were examined. In the present study cyclophosphamide and castration were used as chemo- and endocrine therapy, respectively, and simultaneous combination of these two treatments was found to be the most effective in inhibiting tumor growth. When comparing the effect of castration alone with that of injection of cyclophosphamide alone, the former retarded the tumor growth more efficiently, but relapse occurred in both instances. Injection of cyclophosphamide to the relapsed tumor after castration caused a marked effect when compared with the effect of the drug on the untreated or the chemotherapy-relapsed tumors. Castration caused a retardation of growth in the chemotherapy-relapsed tumor, but the survival period was shorter than that observed in the mice that received castration followed by injection of cyclophosphamide. From these results, it was concluded that castration followed by chemotherapy was the preferred order among sequential treatments for the SC 115; however, the optimal treatment was produced by simultaneous combination of chemotherapy plus castration.

Androgens↗
PubMed1987

Familial retinoschisis in female patients.

We report two female patients, a mother and daughter, with bilateral foveal changes that resembled those of X-linked recessive juvenile retinoschisis. The 23-year-old daughter had flat retinoschisis at the temporal periphery with multiple small inner-layer breaks in both eyes. There was foveal retinoschisis with fine radial folds. The optic disc was dragged to the nasal side. The 49-year-old mother also had foveal retinoschisis in each eye but there was no peripheral retinoschisis. In the left eye several retinal breaks with minimal retinal detachment were found. Electrophysiological findings in both cases were similar. Single-flash electroretinogram (ERG) showed normal a-wave and decreased b-wave, presenting a negative shape. Averaged scotopic and photopic ERGs showed slightly reduced b-waves, but they were within normal ranges. Visually evoked potentials were subnormal. Ophthalmoscopic and electrophysiologic findings were compatible with X-linked recessive juvenile retinoschisis, but an autosomal dominant inheritance was most likely. Our cases do not follow previously reported characteristics and may represent a new clinical entity.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Prophylaxis of superficial bladder cancer with instillation of adriamycin or mitomycin C.

A multicenter trial for postoperative prophylaxis of superficial Ta-T1, G1-G2 bladder cancer was performed. Intravesical instillation using either 20-30 mg adriamycin or 20 mg mitomycin C per dose was carried out for 4 weeks or 2 years. Patients without instillation served as controls. A total of 259 patients was considered eligible for the evaluation. The instillation group showed a better disease free survival rate than the control group. Better prophylactic effects of instillation therapy were observed when one of following factors was present: multiple tumors, large tumors, T1 and G2 bladder cancer. The total dose of drug instilled seemed to correlate with the effects, but there were no differences between adriamycin and mitomycin C. The side effects were minimal and temporary.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1987

Grade and histochemical R-1881 binding in prostatic cancer.

Comparison of the grades classified by Gleason with R-1881 binding which was attributable to total androphilic proteins in tissues was performed in 42 untreated and 13 relapsed prostatic cancers. Increasing malignancy correlated with loss of staining on R-1881 binding when examined both in primary pattern and in individual tumor cell clusters. In relapsed cancer, however, there was no R-1881 binding irrespective of any grades.

Estrenes↗
PubMed1987

Benign prostatic hypertrophy in a young male.

A 20-year-old male with complaints of dysuria and a sense of residual urine was diagnosed as having benign prostatic hypertrophy. He was treated by suprapubic prostatectomy. Benign prostatic hypertrophy in young men is very rare; this case seems to be the largest (380 g) among juvenile benign prostatic hypertrophy reported in the literature so far.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Androgen receptor, testosterone uptake and karyotype in androgen-dependent mouse tumor (SC 115) and its androgen-independent subline (CS 2).

Content of androgen receptor, retention of injected testosterone and karyotype of SC 115, androgen-dependent tumor, were compared with those of CS 2, an androgen-independent subline derived from SC 115. Although Bmax was less than that of SC 115, androgen receptor was present in the cytosol and the nuclear extract from CS 2. To examine the ability for androgen retention, a large amount of testosterone was injected into tumor-bearing mice, and the amount of androgen in the crude nuclear and postnuclear fractions of tumors was compared. In both fractions, retention of injected androgen was higher in the SC 115 than in the CS 2. Since most of the injected testosterone was not metabolized in the tissues and the injection of testosterone 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor showed no significant influence on the growth rate of the SC 115, intracellular active androgen was assumed to be testosterone in these tumor cells. As the CS 2 was tetraploid, the androgen independency of the CS 2 seems to be related to chromosomal changes.

Animals↗