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Biomedical subjects

J Shah

Publications and source records attributed to J Shah.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography of etoposide at various pH conditions using a reversed-phase octyl column.

A stability-indicating reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic assay of etoposide is described. Baseline resolution was achieved with an octyl column for etoposide and its four degradation products, including picrolactone. Peak homogeneity of etoposide was confirmed by quantitating etoposide in degraded samples at 230, 254 and 286 nm, respectively. The assay was reproducible with low within-day and between-day variations. Application of the assay for stability kinetic study was demonstrated. Etoposide in 0.1 M hydrochloric acid (pH 1.29) degraded with a half-life of 2.85 h, which may be responsible for the low oral bioavailability of etoposide.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1987

Characterization of the filarial genome.

Filarial parasites are just beginning to be studied at the genetic level. The potential of recombinant DNA technology for identifying parasite genes that are important in the pathogenesis of filarial disease or for the survival of the parasite is enormous. Work in several laboratories has already identified genes which encode ribosomal RNAs, as well as highly repeated DNA sequences that can be used as diagnostic probes. In addition, new methods to separate chromosomes will allow the physical mapping of parasite genes without the requirement for classical genetic analysis, which would be difficult in filariids.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Very-high-dose cisplatin with bleomycin infusion as initial treatment of advanced head and neck cancer.

Fifty-one patients with locally advanced squamous cancer of the head and neck (SCHN) were treated with up to three cycles of very-high-dose cisplatin, 187.5 mg/m2 (administered over five days) in hypertonic saline, and bleomycin infusion, 60 U/m2 (administered over five days), prior to definitive local therapy, in an attempt to improve complete remission (CR) and overall response rates. After chemotherapy, patients underwent surgery if the tumor was resectable for cure, (unless the operation involved total laryngectomy), and/or locoregional radiation therapy. Twelve patients (24%) achieved CR and 23 (45%) partial remission (PR) for an overall response rate of 69%. Thirty-nine of the 51 patients are evaluable following chemotherapy and locoregional treatment, and 28 (72%) have achieved disease-free status. Seven of these 28 (25%) have subsequently relapsed. Eleven of the 51 patients (22%) have died at median follow-up of 10+ months (3+ to 24+). Nausea and vomiting (94%) was the most severe acute toxicity. Myelosuppression was mild and nephrotoxicity was effectively prevented by the 3% saline diuresis. Bleomycin was withheld in 12 of 49 (24%) because of deterioration in pulmonary function tests. Ototoxicity in 12 of 49 (25%) and neurotoxicity in 19 of 49 (39%) were the most significant long-term toxicities. Very-high-dose cisplatin and bleomycin in this study was an effective chemotherapy regimen, but not more so than more conventional doses of cisplatin. Toxicity from both drugs was significant.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

A non-looping afterloading technique for base of tongue implants: results in the first 20 patients.

The results of treatment in the first 20 patients treated by a non-looping afterloading technique for base of tongue implant are described. Ten patients had carcinoma recurrent in the base of tongue after previous treatment and they were treated by implant alone. The other 10 patients had previously untreated carcinoma of the base of tongue and they were treated with a combination of interstitial implant, external radiation therapy and surgery. The minimum follow-up is 1 year and maximum 5 years. No local or regional failures have occurred in the previously untreated patients. No local failures have occurred in the previously treated patients who had lesions up to 4 cm in diameter, but three out of four patients with recurrent lesions larger than 4 cm have failed locally. Two patients developed necrosis related to the implant; the factors responsible for this are discussed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Attempts to manipulate specific responses to induce resistance to Schistosoma mansoni in Kenyan baboons (Papio anubis).

Attempts were made to manipulate specific responses of baboons to protect them from infection with Schistosoma mansoni. In Experiment 1, eosinophilia was induced in naive baboons with Trichinella spiralis larvae given intravenously before intraperitoneal injection of globulin fractions from S. mansoni-infected baboon sera and subsequent percutaneous exposure to S. mansoni cercariae. In Experiment 2, baboons with 8- or 32-week-old primary S. mansoni infections received T. spiralis i.v. before an S. mansoni challenge. In experiments 3 to 5 respectively, naive baboons received intramuscularly before challenge: formalin-fixed S. mansoni schistosomula, with Bordetella pertussis as an adjuvant; a preparation of S. mansoni adult worm teguments; and a preparation of IgE-immune complexes obtained from S. mansoni-infected rat sera, with Freunds Complete Adjuvant. Minor, but statistically insignificant, protection was obtained in Experiments 2 (32-week infections) and 3, but was far less than that given by intact, irradiated living vaccines. There are signs on the horizon of non-living vaccines protecting rodents against S. mansoni infection and it would be prudent, as with drugs, to test these in primates before proceeding to man. The results of our experiments, though essentially negative, should help the design of any future vaccine trials in primates.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

A transsternal approach to the upper thoracic vertebrae.

An anterior surgical approach to the upper thoracic vertebrae has been described. A T-shaped skin incision is used, with the horizontal limb 1 cm above the clavicle, and the vertical limb extending in the midline over the body of the sternum. A portion of the manubrium sterni, as well as the medial third of the clavicle, is resected; the avacular tissue plane between the carotid sheath laterally and the trachea and esophagus medially is developed to reach the prevertebral space. After surgery, immediate fusion is performed using the clavicle and manubrium. This procedure is well tolerated, and was associated with minimal morbidity and no mortality in a series of seven patients.

Humans↗
PubMed1984

An anterior surgical approach to the upper thoracic vertebrae.

Of the various anterior surgical approaches to the spine, exposure of the upper two thoracic vertebrae remains the most challenging. An operative approach to this region is described. The major features include resection of a portion of the clavicle and the manubrium sterni. Following resection of the tumor and involved vertebra, anterior fusion is performed using the clavicle as a strut graft. Immediate stabilization may also be achieved with methyl methacrylate replacement of the vertebral bodies. The operation is well tolerated, and requires minimal postoperative immobilization. The clinical presentation, radiological features, and results of treatment in a series of seven patients operated on during a 2-year period are presented.

Abscess↗
PubMed1984

Stability of nitroglycerin solutions in polyolefin and glass containers.

The stability of nitroglycerin in concentrations of 200 and 400 micrograms/ml in eight common intravenous solutions was studied. Two containers of each solution at each concentration, one glass and one polyolefin, were stored under each of the following conditions: intense light (1400-2000 foot-candles) and ambient room temperature (18-27 degrees C), normal light and ambient room temperature, dark and 40 degrees C, and dark and 5 degrees C. All samples were tested at 0 and 24 hours. Room temperature and refrigerated samples were also tested at 48 hours, 7 days, and 1 month. Testing included measurement for optical density at 400 and 600 nm, pH, and nitroglycerin content as determined by HPLC. The admixtures remained clear and colorless, and no appreciable changes in pH were observed. HPLC assays showed no significant changes in nitroglycerin concentrations. There were no differences in the stability of the admixtures stored in the glass and polyolefin containers. Nitroglycerin is compatible with each of the common intravenous solutions tested under the storage conditions and in the containers used for this study.

Drug Packaging↗
PubMed1983

Dislocation of the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb. A report of four cases.

In four cases of complete carpometacarpal dislocation of the thumb, closed reduction, although easily performed, usually had unstable results. Open reduction and internal fixation with Kirschner wires were used in two cases. The third case was stable after open reduction. The fourth patient was treated by closed reduction and percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation. The joints were immobilized in spica casts for six weeks. At follow-up examinations, two patients had asymptomatic dorsal subluxation. At two years' follow-up examinations, two of the four patients had dorsal subluxations. Open reduction and internal fixation alone were not adequate for this type of injury. The dorsal capsule and ligament should be explored during surgery and reconstructed by free tendon grafts.

Adult↗