Needle biopsy in ovarian carcinoma.
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Biopsy, Needle↗
Biomedical subjects
J Serup
Publications and source records attributed to J Serup.
Scratch induction in the rat by intradermal serotonin: a model for pruritus.
Eight substances (histamine, compound 48/80, kallikrein, trypsin, papain, substance P, serotonin and platelet activating factor) were injected intradermally (volume 50 microl) into the rostral back (neck) of rats in order to establish an animal model for peripherally elicited pruritus. While serotonin induced excessive scratching at the site of injection, the other substances were weak or inactive. The dose-response relationship of serotonin was sigmoid, EC50=2.1 mg/ml (95% confidence interval: 1.0 to 4.3 mg/ml). Injections of serotonin 1 mg/ml into the caudal back elicited no scratching at all, i.e. neither at the site of injection nor elsewhere, so the experiment indicated no systemic effect of serotonin 1 mg/ml intradermally. Scratching was probably elicited histamine-independently, since histamine itself did not elicit scratching. The intra- and inter-observer variations were 3-4%. We conclude that serotonin is a reproducible local pruritogen eliciting scratching in the rat. The model may be useful in research and development of topical antipruritics of the nonhistaminic type as well as for various other purposes in pruritus research.
Animals↗
Relation between spermatozoa motility and pregnancies obtained during a twenty-year follow-up period spermatozoa motility and fertility.
The clinical fertility of 1077 men with an infertility problem investigated with semen analysis including assessment of spermatozoa motility during the years 1950-52 was studied 20 years later using a questionnaire, replied by 785 (72.9%). Spermatozoa motility was assessed with a subjective method with four degrees--excellent, good, impaired and poor. There were significant correlations between better motility and number of living children (p less than 0.01) and to shortest time--interval to first pregnancy (p less than 0.001). Motility was not correlated to abortions and otherwise pathological pregnancies. With a poor motility there was still a fairly good chance of obtaining living children (32.7%) compared with 58.7% for an excellent motility), and it is therefore concluded, that assessment of spermatozoa motility is only suited for classification of slightly and modestly reduced male fertility, and not for classification of severely impaired fertility.
Abortion, Spontaneous↗
Relation between number of immobile spermatozoa and pregnancies obtained during a twenty-year follow-up period immobile spermatozoa and fertility.
The clinical fertility of 1077 men examined with semen analysis including detection of number of immobile spermatozoa during the years 1950-52 was studied twenty years later with a questionnaire replied by 785 (72.9%). There was a significant relation (p less than 0.01) between decreasing number of immobile spermatozoa and increasing chance of getting living children, but no relation to abortions and pathological pregnancies. Furthermore, decreasing number of immobile spermatozoa was correlated to shorter time-interval between attempt to impregnate and first pregnancy obtained (p less than 0.01). Mean values for those obtaining living children was 34.7% immobile spermatozoa compared with 38.2% for those not doing so. Over 80% immobile spermatozoa, fertility was considerably reduced, and the borderline between normal and reduced male fertility should therefore be defined to 80% immobile spermatozoa.
Abortion, Spontaneous↗
Socio-economic status and fertility of couples examined for infertility, social status and fertility.
The clinical Fertility of 1000 couples consecutively examined for infertility during 1950-52 was assessed 20 years later by means of a questionnaire, and results were compared with their socio-economic class as defined by the Svalastoga classification. Examinations had included semen analysis performed in our laboratory. 51 couples with known sterility because of azoospermia were excluded. The questionnaire was returned by 691 (72.8%). Couples of higher classes obtained more children (p less than 0.01) than those of lower classes, and they obtained, consistently, their first child in shorter time (p less than 0.01). Semen analysis showed better parameters of spermatozoa motility in higher classes, but the morphology was poorer, and there was no relation to socio-economic class when the different characteristics of semen analysis were combined according to the Hammen classification system of semen quality. It is discussed that the better fertility prognosis of couples of higher socio-economic classes not explained by a difference in semen quality of the men may indirectly indicate that females of lower classes suffered from more severe gynaecological diseases and abnormalities combined with a reduced fertility potential.
Epidemiologic Methods↗
Cutaneous microdialysis in the rat: insertion trauma and effect of anaesthesia studied by laser Doppler perfusion imaging and histamine release.
Microdialysis makes it feasible to study compounds in the extracellular space of cutaneous tissue in vivo. The insertion of the microdialysis probe causes a trauma, which may be anticipated to influence the microdialysis process. The effect of anaesthesia on basal skin blood flow and the trauma in the skin after insertion of a microdialysis probe were investigated. Hairless rats were anaesthetized either with halothane or pentobarbital sodium. Basal skin blood flow and the effect of insertion of a microdialysis probe were measured by laser Doppler perfusion imaging. Trauma-induced histamine release was investigated. Rats anaesthetized with pentobarbital sodium showed a stable skin perfusion in contrast to rats anaesthetized with halothane. A significant increase in blood flow was seen after insertion of the microdialysis probe in the dermis of rats anaesthetized with pentobarbital sodium, while a change in skin blood flow was not observed in rats anaesthetized with halothane. Probe insertion caused histamine release in rats. A minimum equilibration period of 30 min between probe insertion and the start of the experiment is recommended in future studies, allowing immediate events of the trauma to subside and stabilize.
Adjuvants, Anesthesia↗
Suppression of spontaneous scratching in hairless rats by sedatives but not by antipruritics.
Experimental scratching in animals has hitherto been provoked by substances injected into the skin or central nervous system. We aimed to investigate if spontaneous scratching in the rat can be reduced by sedatives and antipruritics, and to assess if spontaneous scratching is elicited from the skin or the central nervous system. It may also be a complex behaviour related to the rat species, different from clinical itch. Eight male hairless rats were studied for 6 weeks. The animals were recorded on videotape in the middle of the day and at night, and the scratching activity was counted. The following substances were tested sequentially: midazolam, mepyramine, a eutectic mixture of lignocaine and prilocaine (EMLA, betamethasone dipropionate and a vehicle. On days 1-3 of each sequence, the test material was applied to a 42-cm(2) area on the rostral part of the back. Subsequent treatment of the whole body was made on day 4. Midazolam was injected intraperitoneally from day 1 to day 4. After 4 days of treatment, there was a wash-out phase of 3 days until the next sequence. We found a positive correlation between minutes awake and number of scratch episodes. Spontaneous scratching was lower after mepyramine on day 4 (p = 0.046) and after midazolam injections on days 1-3 (p = 0.009) and day 4 (p = 0.003). The local anaesthetic, EMLA, did not significantly influence spontaneous scratching. In conclusion, only the drugs with sedative properties suppressed spontaneous scratching, which is probably a cerebral phenomenon or otherwise explained general behaviour, rather than a reaction to skin stimuli. Thus, for testing of topically applied antipruritics, spontaneous scratching cannot be used as an animal model. Furthermore, evaluation of provocative scratching should eliminate/exclude spontaneous scratching.
Animals↗