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Biomedical subjects

J Seifert

Publications and source records attributed to J Seifert.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Overwhelming infection after splenectomy in spite of some spleen remaining and splenosis. A case report.

A fatal case of overwhelming postsplenectomy pneumococcal sepsis is presented occurring in a 37-year-old female 11 years after removal of the spleen because of traumatic rupture. The patient died 11 h after admission to hospital and about 32 h after sudden onset of illness. At necropsy splenic tissue, splenosis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and thrombi within the arterioles consisting of gram-positive cocci and adrenal hemorrhage were found. The clinical, laboratory, and postmortem findings are described. Reports had been published of 41 other cases of overwhelming postsplenectomy infection (OPSI) in patients aged 20 years or more, but only three of these cases of OPSI syndrome occurred in spite of remaining splenic tissue. The longest interval between extirpation of spleen and subsequent sepsis was 42 years, indicating a small but lifelong risk of severe infection in asplenic patients. In view of the literature, the role of spleen in infection defence, the splenic function in blood clearance, and the prevention of postsplenectomy infections by antibiotic prophylaxis, pneumococcal vaccine, and reimplantation of autochthonous splenic tissue or infrared contact coagulation are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[The significance of Peyer's plaques for intestinal immunity. Animal experimental inferences].

The removal of Peyer's patches alters the first line of defence against a known bacterium. Whereas in control animals all reactive cells could be found within the lamina propria of the gut, in rats without Peyer's patches only small amounts of IgA and IgM secreting cells could be detected there. In contrast IgA and IgM secreting cells could be found within mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen. The removal of the Peyer's patches diminishes the reaction of the lamina propria. Therefore other lymphatic structures like mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen get contact with antigenic material and generate E. coli specific immune globulin secreting cells. These cells were able to secrete IgA which was detected within the bile. This compensatory mechanism helps to restore the disturbed balance. The consequence of the systemic reaction against the E. coli must be discussed in view of cross reacting antibodies or the generation of inflammatory cells within the gut.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Changes of the immune response due to the absorption of antigenic protein or peptides.

Rabbits immunized against human gammaglobulin (HGG) were fed with either intact HGG or pepsin-digested HGG. Circulating antibodies were determined over an absorption time of 4 h. The oral application of antigenic peptides reduced circulating antibodies from 550 micrograms/ml to 120 micrograms/ml. A further parenteral antigen exposure to 50 mg HGG revealed that orally pretreated animals are protected against a marked blood pressure decrease due to antigen antibody reactions. One possible explanation for this phenomenon is that circulating antibodies are fixed in the wall of the gut by enterally applied antigenic peptides and eliminated into the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract. If this phenomenon can be extrapolated to human beings it would be a new therapeutic concept for the treatment of diseases in which circulating antibodies are of importance.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Effect of various vagal functional conditions on the blood flow of abdominal organs].

In 21 mongrel dogs blood flow was measured in different gastrointestinal organs under fasting conditions, vagal stimulation with 2-desoxy-D-glucose and vagotomy. The examinations were performed in anaesthesia with the microsphere method. Basal blood flow was found in corpus, fundus and antrum below 0,5 ml/g X min, whereas in the region of the small curvature values of 0,7 ml/g X min were observed. Vagotomy decreases flowrates especially in the mucosa of the stomach except in the region of the antrum. There a significant increase was measured. The stimulated bloodflow shows a similar effect by a vagotomy, but on an elevated lovel. Observations over the time of 3 weeks revealed that bloodflow changes due to vagotomy are not long lasting over that time. Only a decrease can be observed in the region of the antrum. Also in the other abdominal organs bloodflow changes due to vagotomy are terminated to a short time interval. Except the bloodflow changes in the gallbladder lasts longer than 4 weeks. From this investigation the conclusion can be drawn that vagotomy does not cause long lasting and radical bloodflow changes in the abdomen.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Changes in microcirculation of various layers and regions of the stomach wall following selective proximal vagotomy. Animal experiments using radioactive-labeled plastic particles].

Changes of the blood flow in the different layers and regions were determined with radioactively labelled microspheres after proximal vagotomy. Under normal conditions and vagal stimulation a significant reduction of the flow in corpus and antrum up to 74% can be observed at least over the time of 3 weeks. This decrease of bloodflow in the stomach together with a reduction in secretion can possibly be responsible for the successful treatment of diffuse bleeding in erosive gastritis by selective vagotomy.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Physiopathological significance of prostaglandins in septic shock. Clinical and experimental indications].

3 collectives of a total of 22 surgical patients demonstrate massive release of vasoactive prostanoids accompanying clinical septic shock. PGF2 alpha serves as an example for impaired pulmonary prostaglandin metabolism under this condition. Moreover, divergent profiles consisting of PGF2 alpha, thromboxane and prostacyclin can be attributed to divergent shock parameters revealing that the thromboxane/prostacyclin-ratio might be of crucial significance on whether the prostanoid profile exerts toxic or rather beneficial effects. This is demonstrated clinically by means of renal function. The clinical hypotheses are subsequently evaluated in a porcine endotoxic shock model: Comparable stimulation of endogenous prostanoids is detected. The beneficial effects of prostacyclin are concluded from objective hemodynamic and functional data of lung and kidney.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Changes in lymphocytes caused by aldosterone and a spironolactone derivative. Animal experiments and clinical studies].

In animal experiments marked and characteristic changes of lymphocytes could be observed with electronmicroscopic methods due to aldosterone and potassium canrenoate. These results may be a further reference to an immunosuppressive effect of aldosterone and spirolactone derivates. The electronmicroscopic study of thoracic duct cells of a patient suffering from multiple sclerosis and treated with aldosterone and potassium canrenoate showed changes of the morphological structure of small lymphocytes, which was interpreted with a lymphoclastic effect of this substances on lymphocytes.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Possible role of microtubules and associated proteases in organophosphorus ester-induced delayed neurotoxicity.

Organophosphorus delayed neurotoxicants (phenyl saligenin cyclic phosphate and diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate) altered cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent phosphorylation and several other processes in brain homogenates and cytoplasmic microtubules. Phenyl saligenin cyclic phosphate slightly stimulated in vitro cAMP-dependent phosphorylation in brain homogenates of three species (rat, mouse and rabbit) that have been reported to be insensitive to delayed neurotoxicity, whereas it slightly decreased this phosphorylation in brain homogenates of three sensitive species (chicken, cow and pig) and in brain microtubules of chicken and pig. The microtubule-associated processes that were moderately inhibited by phenyl saligenin cyclic phosphate in sensitive species were: in vitro [3H]cAMP binding to protein kinase, in vitro assembly when tubulin rings were absent, and cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) both in vitro and on intracerebral administration of 32Pi. The endogenous proteases that degrade the high molecular weight MAPs were strongly inhibited in vitro by phenyl saligenin cyclic phosphate and diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate. In contrast, treatment of chickens with diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate remarkably decreased the in vitro stability of their brain cytoplasmic high molecular weight MAPs, perhaps by enhancing the MAPs-degrading protease activity. These findings indicate that the MAPs-protease system is a possible target for organophosphorus delayed neurotoxicants.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[What therapeutic possibilities exist in acute antibiotic-resistant and chronic infections].

Since the rate of mortality in severe sepsis could not be changed in the last years even not by sophisticated antibiotics, and since the mutants of bacteria resistant to antibiotics are permanently increasing, other possibilities must be taken into considerations to prevent or to treat infections. The improvement of the patient's own immune resistance by active or passive immunizations seems to be a cooperative or alternative way to overcome severe and chronic infections. In animal experiments the efficacy of gammaglobulin treatment of a severe infection was tested. The positive result i.e. improvement of the mortality from 75% to 45%, stimulated to a controlled clinical study, in which severe infected patients were additionally treated with gammaglobulin and compared with those without gammaglobulin treatment. Patients with gammaglobulin treatment showed a much better outcome of their infection than control patients. The rate of infections as well as time of hospital stay and other clinical and laboratory parameters were markedly improved in gammaglobulin-treated patients. Also the principle of active immunization was tested in animal experiments. Guinea pigs were orally vaccinated with heat inactivated pathogenic bacteria. In a following challenge infection vaccinated animals survived in a high percentage whereas control animals died. This success in vaccinating animals did lead to a controlled clinical study with patients suffering from chronic bone infection. Patients were treated orally with heat inactivated bacteria over a time of 8 weeks. Not only laboratory data indicating an improved immune response were changed by the treatment but also the clinical findings. These results indicate clearly that infections can be treated not only by attacks against bacteria but also by the improvement of the patient's own bacterial resistance.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Behavior of resorbable and nonresorbable suture material in lymph vessel suture].

After transverse division of the abdominal thoracic duct of the rat, 14 anastomoses were performed using synthetic absorbable (Polyglactin 910, Vicryl) and synthetic non-absorbable (Polyamid 6.6, Ethilon) suture material. The anastomoses were achieved by means of a tension-free technique using interrupted sutures. The follow-up period was from 28 to 133 days. Clinical observation showed that all anastomoses were patent. However, with the aid of staining methods only five out of seven anastomoses were shown to be patent. Using absorbable suture material, a lumen was demonstrable at all anastomoses, while using non-absorbable suture material this could be proved in only four out of seven anastomoses. The foreign body reaction diminished with time when absorbable material was employed, whereas it persisted with non-absorbable material.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Arthrography in lesions of triangular fibrocartilage of the wrist (author's transl)].

Arthrography of the wrist is a safe method to demonstrate lesions of the triangular fibrocartilage. Indications are posttraumatic pain and restriction of movement of the wrist. Lesions of the triangular fibrocartilage are caused by a distal fracture of the radius with shortening, sudden drop on the overextended hand and work with rock drills. The extent of injury is quite different: small fissures and splits, detachment of the discus from the lower end of the ulna, fragmentation and destruction of the fibrocartilage. Problems of therapy, however, are greater than problems of diagnosis: actually there is no generally adopted surgical method for the treatment of discus lesions.

Carpal Bones↗
PubMed1981

[The effect of proteolytic enzymes (traumanase) on posttraumatic edema].

The edema producing property of a proteolytic enzyme (bromelain), which was parenterally or intraduodenally applied, was investigated in a traumatically induced hindleg edema in rats. Under standardized conditions the hindlegs were squeezed by a wringer and swelling was volumetrically measured. Whereas after enteral application of bromelain a significant reduction of the edema could be observed, the parenteral application only resulted in a minimal therapeutic effect. Although enterally applied enzymes are thought to be degraded in the gut, the better results were obtained after enteral administration of bromelain. This supports the observation that also enzymes can be absorbed by the gut without loosing their biological properties.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1981

Biosynthesis of cytidine nucleotides in rat liver after administration of D-galactosamine.

Following the administration of D-galactosamine the utilization of [2-14C] orotic acid for the synthesis of the cytidine components of the acid-soluble extract and liver RNA cytosine is markedly decreased. The depression of the specific activity of the cytidine components takes place after application of low doses of the drug which do not interfere with the specific activity of the uridine components of the acid-soluble extract or of liver RNA uracil. Simultaneously the administration of [U-14C]cytidine paralleled by its enhanced liver uptake. The total amount of uridine as well as cytidine components of the acid-soluble extract following the administration of D-galactosamine increases; however, the molar ratio of both pyrimidines does not change. The alterations of the cytidine metabolism after the administration of the drug are accompanied by the increased level of microsomal cytochrome P-450.

Animals↗