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Biomedical subjects

J Seifert

Publications and source records attributed to J Seifert.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Effects and side effects of taurolin in experimental peritonitis in the rat].

Taurolin (2%) was tested in a peritonitis in the rat. In a control group without treatment the mortality was 63% 80 h after infection. Intraperitoneal application of taurolin did not change this mortality rate but delayed the mortality by 8 h. Intravenous administration of taurolin increased mortality to 87%. In a second experimental protocol the dosis of bacteria was increased and 100% of the animals died within 16 h. Gentamicin-Piperacillin therapy reduced the mortality to 50%. With taurolin this effect of antibiotics could not be improved. In both groups taurolin was not able to reduce toxic lung edema. With these results and the knowledge of the literature taurolin cannot be recommended for clinical use.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Risk of infection following splenectomy].

The problem of a reduced resistance against infections in splenectomized patients is again described on the occasion of one patient who died within a very short time after the beginning of a severe infection. A retrospective study of 150 patients without spleen showed that 2.6% died in a consequence of a severe infection. From the surviving patients 20% complained of very frequent infections. Immunological laboratory data as well as the reaction against recall antigens were reduced in those patients. So not all patients without spleen bear a high risk with regard to severe infections. In spite of this fact surgeons should try to preserve the spleen even in adults.

Humans↗
PubMed1986

Differential effects of gastrointestinal hormones on the blood flow of the alimentary tract of the dog.

The blood flow of the alimentary tract in anesthetized dogs was measured with radioactively labeled 15-micron microspheres before and after i.v. application of the gastrointestinal hormones glucagon, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), secretin, and somatostatin. After 5 min glucagon in a dose of 75 micrograms/kg bolus + 5 micrograms/kg X min-1 infusion increased significantly the blood flow in liver, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon as well as the cardiac output by 160%, 761%, 662%, 576%, 817.3%, 320%, and 108%, respectively. A dose of 3 ng/kg X min-1 resulted in reduction of the circulation in liver, gastric fundus, duodenum, and colon by 27.7%, 19.1%, 16.2%, and 10.7% after 5 min while the cardiac output was not affected. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) infused in a dose of 3.3 pmol/kg X min-1 for 5 min increased the blood flow in the pancreas by 30% and reduced it in the spleen and gastric corpus by 26.9% and 41.5%, respectively. Secretin, another member of the glucagon family, after a 5-min infusion of a dose of 0.5 CU/kg X min-1 increased the cardiac output by 49.96% and the renal circulation by 120.7%. In the gastrointestinal tract circulation of the gastric antrum was stimulated by 474%, of the duodenum by 93.5% and of the ileal mucosa by 178%. Infusion of the pancreatic hormone somatostatin (3.5 micrograms/kg bolus followed by infusion of 3.5 micrograms/kg X h-1) increased the blood flow in the liver by 13%, in the pancreas by 23.15%, and in the spleen by 29.8%, while it reduced it in the fundic mucosa by 17.1% and corpus mucosa by 28.8%. In summary, the gastrointestinal hormones examined exert marked and distinct effects on the circulation of the gastrointestinal tract, each hormone in different parts of the digestive tract. Thus, the local microcirculation of the gastrointestinal tract seems to be subject to hormonal in addition to nerval control.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Significance of diskography and contrast medium/enzyme interaction].

The introduction and routine usage of nucleolysis in treatment of lumbar disc disease has led to recognition of the importance of discography. In addition to confirmation and documentation of needle placement, discography is useful for diagnosis and exclusion of contraindications to nucleolysis such as escape of enzyme to nerve sheath or vascular system. Gross leakage of radiopaque material indicates probable communication to nervous structures. Possible interaction of enzyme and radiopaque were examined.

Chymopapain↗
PubMed1986

[Preliminary studies of deaf patients assessed for cochlear implantation].

Two techniques were employed to assess the suitability of deaf patients for cochlear implantation: electrical stimulation by means of ear canal electrode and promontorium electrode. The results of the ear canal tests indicate that the patients may be divided into three groups: I. non-usable dynamics, II. usable dynamics in low-frequency range, and III. usable dynamics over a wider frequency range. Comparable results were obtained via the promontory tests. Since the promontory tests showed a more accurate description of the subjective sensations, it is recommended that this test be performed with those patients who have been preselected on the basis of ear canal stimulation.

Auditory Pathways↗
PubMed1986

[Effectiveness and side effects of low-molecular weight heparin-dihydroergotamine in preventing thromboembolism in abdominal surgery].

Low-molecular heparin-dihydroergotamine had been applied once a day to 103 patients and heparin-dihydroergotamine twice a day to 97 patients as part of a double-blind, controlled, consecutive, and randomised clinical study, with 200 abdominal surgery patients being involved. High-risk patients above 40 years of age and potentially affected by thrombotically predisposing factors were almost equally represented in both groups. Evidence to postoperative thrombosis was phlebographically produced in either group. No fatal pulmonary embolism was found to be among ten deaths. No significant differences of clinical relevance were found to exist between both groups with regard to coagulative values, intra-operative and postoperative blood and drainage loss, and complications due to bleeding. No accumulated occurrence of major postoperative complications was recordable from either group. The vascular status of all patients was unchanged from beginning to end of the period of observation. The following conclusion was drawn as a result of the study: One single NMH/DHE injection daily is comparable with two HDHE applications per die for action and undesired side-effects.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1986

[Effectiveness of various methods of stopping hemorrhage in spleen and liver injuries--results of an animal experiment study].

In 40 wistar rats liver and spleen were traumatized under standardized conditions. The hemorrhage was stopped by four different methods: 1. traditional suture technique with 4 X 0 Catgut, 2. fibrin glue, 3. endocoagulation according to Semm and 4. infrared-coagulation according to Nath.--The results show that the infrared-coagulation was the best schedule for a quick and safe bloodclotting in order to stop the hemorrhage sufficiently Concerning the postoperative lesions the infrared-coagulation had the best results also. On the other hand it could be demonstrated that this method has disadvantages with regard to the histological findings of repair mechanisms. There were deep and large areas of necrosis after infrared--as well as thermo-coagulation. The histological findings of the fibrin gluing technique, however, showed that after a few days of operation a new soft tissue grew into the traumatic lesion. Necrosis could not be identified.--If there is only short time in order to stop the hemorrhage of a parenchymatous organ we emphasize the infrared-coagulation as a favorite method because of the advantages in handling, clotting time and postoperative lesions. If there is more time in order to stop the hemorrhage we favorite the fibrin glue.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Experiences with the implantation of a multichannel electrode in the acoustic nerve].

The authors developed a surgical approach to the acoustic nerve enabling the introduction of an electrode into the acoustic nerve. A multichannel electrode was implanted by this method in a deaf patient. The receiver casing for percutaneous transmission was fixed in the mastoid. Encouraging hearing results were obtained over a period of two months by electrical stimulation of the acoustic nerve.

Auditory Perception↗
PubMed1985

Regulation of [35S]t-butylbicyclophosphorothionate binding sites in rat brain by GABA, pyrethroid and barbiturate.

GABA regulates the binding of [35S]t-butylbicyclophosphorothionate ([35S]TBPS) within the GABA receptor-ionophore complex by decreasing the rate of radioligand association and increasing the rate of dissociation but in different ways for the EDTA/water-dialyzed rat brain membranes and a solubilized preparation obtained on treatment with the zwitterionic detergent CHAPS. In the membranes, GABA at 0.3-1 microM is a non-competitive inhibitor of [35S]TBPS binding, affecting the density of binding sites but not the affinity of the receptor, while at 5 microM both the apparent density and affinity are significantly decreased. On treatment with CHAPS the solubilized preparation and the corresponding pellet fraction become less sensitive to GABA which even at 5 microM acts only as a non-competitive inhibitor. CHAPS solubilization decreases the sensitivity of the receptor-[35S]TBPS complex to GABA-induced dissociation. GABA at micromolar levels also greatly influences the action of compounds within the TBPS domain, facilitating and modulating displacement of [35S]TBPS from EDTA/water-dialyzed membranes by the alpha-cyanopyrethroid cypermethrin and the barbiturate 5-(1',3'-dimethylbutyl)-5-ethylbarbiturate. Large differences in the Hill numbers indicate that different mechanisms may be involved in GABA modulation of the pyrethroid and barbiturate sites. In contrast, GABA does not effect [35S]TBPS displacement by photoheptachlor epoxide which acts directly at the TBPS binding site.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Solubilization and detergent effects on interactions of some drugs and insecticides with the t-butylbicyclophosphorothionate binding site within the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-ionophore complex.

Specific binding of [35S]t-butylbicyclophosphorothionate (TBPS) to rat brain membranes (RBM) is enhanced nine-fold by EDTA/water dialysis and 1.3- to 4.2-fold by 50 nM ketosteroid R 5135, or 5 mM 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS) or related piperazine-N-alkanesulfonate buffers, or extensive washing with NaCl/Na phosphate or Na phosphate/citrate solution. About one-fifth of the [35S]TBPS binding capacity appears in the soluble fraction whereas the rest remains in particulate form on treatment of the EDTA/water-dialyzed RBM with 20 mM CHAPS. Similar KD values (64-86 nM) are obtained for the original EDTA/water-dialyzed membranes and the CHAPS-treated and/or -solubilized preparations. The Bmax of the EDTA-treated RBM is reduced five-fold on solubilization with CHAPS. The potency for displacement of [35S]TBPS changes in the presence of CHAPS or on CHAPS solubilization: gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and muscimol inhibit specific [35S]TBPS binding more strongly in the absence than in the presence of CHAPS: TBPS, picrotoxinin, and photoheptachlor epoxide are almost equally active with RBM, RBM + CHAPS, and RBM solubilized with CHAPS. Levels of (1R, alpha S)-cis-cypermethrin and dimethylbutylbarbiturate which are inhibitory with RBM are moderately stimulatory after TBPS receptor solubilization. Thus CHAPS defines three regions of the GABA receptor-ionophore complex, i.e., the GABA and benzodiazepine receptors, the TBPS/picrotoxinin/polychlorocycloalkane receptor(s), and the sites at which the alpha-cyano pyrethroid and the barbiturate interact with TBPS binding.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Differences in the quality of human albumin solutions for clinical use].

The differences in quality of 18 commercially available human albumine solutions (5%, 20%) are described. 12 of 20% albumine solutions and 5 of 5% albumine of different manufactures were testet. Results for albumine (mg/dl) vary between 82-89% under the declared value of 95% of total protein contents as far as 20% solution are concerned. All solutions have the declared minimal content of potassium as sodium is concerned they distinguish each other as semi or fully elektrolyt solutions. Values for monomer albumine which are measured by Sephadex-Chromatography range between 80,2% to 92% in 20% solutions, as for the 5% albumine solutions the fraction of monomers lies between 80-91% of the declared value of total protein. The fraction of macroaggregates lies between 1-11,7% in the 20% solutions. In 25% albumine solutions the highest ratio of 22,2% of macroaggregates was found. The difference in quality of solutions even within the same manifacturer demonstrates that there will be even differences in human albumine solutions in the future. Interchange of commercially available albumine solution is not selfevident.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1984

Neural microtubular and lysosomal phenyl valerate esterases and proteases in relation to organophosphate-induced delayed neurotoxicity.

At least three forms of phenyl valerate esterases are present in hen brain cytoplasmic microtubules (MT). Thermostability studies reveal two additional forms in brain homogenates of cow, mouse, pig, rabbit and rat. The distribution of these brain esterases is not related to the age of the hens or the susceptibility of the species to organophosphate (OP)-induced delayed neurotoxicity. MT phenyl valerate esterases are distinct enzymes from the MT-associated proteases degrading high-molecular weight MT-associated proteins (hmw MAPs). Hen brain and spinal cord lysosomes on in vitro incubation release phenyl valerate esterase(s) and hmw MAPs-protease(s). OP neurotoxicants act in vitro to stabilize rat but not hen brain lysosomes. In vivo studies with hen brain and spinal cord lysosomes indicate that OP-induced delayed neurotoxicity is not initiated by disruption of lysosomal stability.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1984

Effect of fasting on the metabolism of cytidine nucleotides in the liver of intact and alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane-treated rats.

The utilization of (2-14C)orotic acid for the synthesis of cytidine components of the acid-soluble extract and for the RNA cytosine is decreased in the liver of rats which fasted for 24 or 72 h. The depression of the specific activity of the cytidine components is greater in animals which received alpha-HCH during the 24-hour interval after removal of food than in the control group; by contrast, the specific activity of the cytidine components again increases in rats fasting for 72 h. Analogous changes also occurred in the specific activity of RNA cytosine. Both the (U-14C)cytidine uptake and its utilization for the synthesis of RNA cytosine are enhanced in fasting rats; the administration of alpha-HCH has a potentiating effect. The total content of cytidine components of the acidsoluble extract of 1 g of liver tissue is enhanced 24 h after the animals of the control and experimental group were deprived of food. There are no marked differences in the concentration of the uridine components. Fasting has an additive effect on the increase of cytochrome P-450 level in the alpha-HCH treated rats. Alpha-HCH = alpha-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The influence of chronic subcutaneous nicotine administration on aldosterone and corticosterone plasma concentrations and the plasma renin activity.

Since adrenocortical hormones and the renin-angiotensin system are capable of inducing defined pathophysiologic changes in the cardiovascular system, similar to those observed after nicotine, experiments were performed in rats to investigate the effect of chronic nicotine administration on the plasma concentrations of aldosterone (PAC) and corticosterone (PCC) and on the plasma renin activity (PRA). The administration of nicotine (0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg s.c. twice daily) over a period of 8 weeks did not significantly affect PCC. However, PAC showed a marked decrease, which did not appear to be the result of a nicotine-induced ACTH inhibition, since a similar decrease in PAC was observed after suppression of ACTH by dexamethasone. PAC in rats with hereditary diabetes insipidus was depressed by nicotine to the same extent as in control rats. This argues against nicotine-induced stimulation of ADH leading to extracellular volume expansion, the cause of the observed decrease in PAC. Further experiments were carried out in which nicotine was administered chronically over 4 weeks (implanted osmotic minipumps infusing 0.17 mg/kg) in rats in which the endogenous activity of the renin-angiotensin system was modified by either a low- or high-salt diet. Nicotine did not influence PRA in the low-sodium group, whereas in the high-sodium group PRA increased after nicotine. The data show that chronic nicotine administration in rats does not activate salt- and volume-retaining endocrine systems. Plasma aldosterone even decreased, except in animals kept on a high-sodium diet, in which an increase of PRA under nicotine was observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aldosterone↗
PubMed1984

[Nutrition physiologic, immunologic and clinical parameters in prospective randomized patients by enteral or parenteral nutrition therapy following large intestine operations].

In a prospectively randomized study with 60 patients differences between enteral and parenteral nutrition were investigated especially with regard to short living proteins, immunoglobulins and clinical complications. Prealbumine as well as fibronectin and transferrin increased faster in enteral nourished patients postoperatively than in the parenterally nourished group. With this observation a reduced weight loss correlates in the enterally nourished group. From the immunoglobulins only IgM was significantly increased after enteral nutrition. An accumulation of postoperative infections seems to be in context with a delayed increase of IgM in the parenteral nourished group.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

The immunomodulatory property of a novel synthetic compound adamantylamide dipeptide.

The adjuvant effect of a novel synthetic compound adamantylamide dipeptide (AdDP) was tested in a model of delayed hypersensitivity to ovalbumin in guinea pigs, and of immunostimulatory activity in the experiments with 3H thymidine where DNA biosynthesis was measured in several immunocompetent organs after administration of adamantylamide dipeptide. In both tests, the compound proved to be active since delayed hypersensitivity was potentiated and a marked increase in the utilization of 3H thymidine in liver, thymus and spleen has been observed. The novel compound appeared to be devoid of other effects of MDP such as pyrogenicity and arthritogenicity.

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗
PubMed1984

[Pre- and postoperative fibronectin concentrations in the serum of patients with severe peritonitis in comparison with postoperative courses without complications].

Fibronectin in serum was determined in surgical patients with and without severe peritonitis. It could be observed that the infection induced an intense reduction of fibronectin, which could not be found in patients without postoperative complications. Extremely low values were detected in patients not surviving the infection. They remain unchanged during the observation time. Patients with severe infections, which survived, did show higher fibronectin values which significantly increased during the observation time. Together with other parameters and clinical symptoms fibronectin could be used to indicate the prognosis of severe infections.

Fibronectins↗