Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Scott

Publications and source records attributed to J Scott.

At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Acute renal insufficiency occurring during intravenous desferrioxamine therapy.

A patient of 14 years suffering from secondary haemosiderosis and thalassaemia major was treated with i.v. desferrioxamine in doses up to 3 g/d. Urine iron loss ranged from 46-158 mg/d. Despite improvement in cardiac and hepatic status the patient developed acute renal insufficiency of the pre renal type. The possible role of desferrioxamine in this complication is discussed. Desferrioxamine given s.c. or i.v. effects a marked urinary iron loss but its use may not be without significant complications.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1979

Accuracy of subjective measurements made with or without previous scores: an important source of error in serial measurement of subjective states.

Pain severity was assessed on visual analogue scale in 4 groups of patients receiving long-term therapy. A comparison was made between pain measurements made with and without access to initial scores. The differences between these measurements increased with the duration of treatment. Patients tended to overestimate their pain severity when previous scores were not available. It is suggested that initial scores should be made available when serial measurements of pain are made in long-term experiments.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Vertical or horizontal visual analogue scales.

Vertical and horizontal visual analogue scales have been compared in the measurement of pain. There was a good correlation between the 2 scales, but the scores from horizontal scales tended to be slightly lower than those from vertical scales.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Enhancement of ileal adaptation by prednisolone after proximal small bowel resection in the rat.

The effect of prednisolone on the adapted ileum of the rat after jejunal resection was examined. Three weeks after 50% proximal small bowel resection animals were fed pharmacological doses of soluble prednisolone (0.75 mg/kg/day) over a one week period, and killed at four weeks. Animals treated with prednisolone showed significant increases in brush border alpha-glucosidase, leucyl-2-napththylamidase and gamma-glutamyl transferase (P less than 0.01) per unit length of intestine compared with resection alone and transection reanastomosis control groups. This increase was the result of a significant enhancement (P less than 0.01) of brush border digestive enzyme activity per milligram of epithelial cell DNA-that is, per enterocyte-and was associated with a similar increase in enterocyte RNA content. In contrast, the activities of lysosomal and mitochondrial marker enzymes per milligran of DNA were similar in each group. Cell proliferation was not further stimulated by prednisolone. Thus prednisolone can selectively enhance brush border digestive capacity after intestinal resection without increasing cell proliferation. The increase in enterocyte RNA suggests that enzyme induction may be the mechanism of this effect.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1979

Effect of anticonvulsant drugs on the rate of folate catabolism in mice.

An increase in folate catabolism has been suggested as the cause of the folate deficiency observed in many clinical conditions, including chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Previous studies have shown that the radioactive catabolites, excreted after an equilibration period of 3 d, consisted exclusively of folates that had been cleaved to produce pteridines and p-aminobenzoylglutamate, most of which was excreted as acetamidobenzoylglutamate. We have developed an experimental animal model using mice to determine the rate of catabolism of [3H]pteroylglutamate (folic acid) by the quantitative estimation of [3H]p-aminobenzoylglutamate and [3H]acetamidobenzoylglutamate in urine. Administration of diphenylhydantoin at three different doses (0.5, 20, and 50 mg/kg) significantly increased the rate of catabolism as measured by an increase in both the mean daily excretion and the cumulative excretion of these catabolites. Administration of intramuscular phenobarbitone on the other hand, did not affect the rate of catabolism, when compared with controls.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Qualitative and quantitative changes in the histology of the human submandibular salivary gland during post natal growth.

One submandibular gland from each of 33 necropsies on children aged between birth and 14 years was examined histologically. A simple point-counting method established the volume fractions of various component tissues of the glands and these were compared between five age groups. Below 30 days of age acini and ducts were often immature and widely separated by abundant, vascular, connective tissue. After six months of age glandular structure was more compact with little intralobular connective tissue. Lymphocytic foci were numerous in many of the glands from children aged over six months with a prevalence higher than that previously established for young adults. Consolidated intraductal deposits were found in just under half the glands, mostly after the age of six months. The mean volume proportion of acinar tissue was 43% in the age group 0-30 days but had increased to 64% in the 6 month -- 2 year age group. Over the same period there were reductions in the mean proportional volumes of ducts, vascular and connective tissues. After the age of two years changes in the volume proportions of component tissues were not significant. The developmental and growth-associated changes of the present investigation were opposite in direction to the ageing changes which previous studies have shown occur over the whole of adult life. Moreover, the point at which reversal occurs seems to be in early adult life rather than in childhood.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1979

Pharmacogenetics of tolbutamide metabolism in humans.

This study was designed to focus on the genetic control of tolbutamide dispositon in humans and to provide insight into the potential for high accrued blood levels in individuals receiving fixed dosage regimens. Tolbutamide was administered intravenously to 42 nondiabetic subjects, eight of their relatives, and to five sets of twins. A ninefold variation in the rate of tolbutamide disappearance from plasms (Kd) was found. This variation was characterized by a trimodal frequency distribution, suggestive of monogenic inheritance and consistent with pedigree analysis, indicating autosomal transmission of rapid and slow inactivation of tolbutamide. A heritability value of 0.995 for Kd indicated little influence of environmental factors on variation of this rate. Interindividual differences in the binding of 35S-tolbutamide to serum proteins were also assessed. No correlation was found between tolbutamide serum protein binding affinity and Kd. Analysis of the metabolites of tolbutamide in urine samples provided evidence for the microsomal oxidation of the drug to hydroxytolbutamide as the primary site of genetic control. In conclusion, this study provides evidence for monogenic control of tolbutamide metabolism in man. The results suggest that fixed dosage regimens of this drug, as were prescribed in the controversial University Group Diabetes Program study, might lead to higher accrued blood levels in slow inactivators.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) in nonamebic liver abscesses.

Two cases of liver abscess are reported in whom the diagnosis was suggested by a combination of liver scanning, ultrasonography, arteriography, and liver biopsy. The diagnosis was confirmed by ERC which showed intrahepatic extravasation of contrast from the biliary tree, a characteristic of liver abscess. The value of ERC in the search for an underlying cause as well as in delineating certain features of the absceses is shown.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

The occurrence of folate-derived pteridines in rat liver.

1. It has previously been shown that folate polyglutamates in the rat are catabolized almost exclusively via cleavage of the C-9--N-10 bond, resulting in the formation of pteridines and p-aminobenzoylglutamate. The latter catabolite is rapidly excreted, appearing in the urine as acetamidobenzoylglutamate and is undetectable in rat liver. 2. The pteridines catabolites on the other hand are retained to a much greater extent by the liver, forming an ever-increasing proportion of the retained radioactive tracer. 3. A possible role for these pteridines as cofactors in brain metabolism is discussed.

Animals↗