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Biomedical subjects

J Scott

Publications and source records attributed to J Scott.

At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Thymopoietin in rheumatoid arthritis.

In a controlled study involving 36 patients, thymopoietin was shown to be more effective than levamisole and as effective as penicillamine in improving the clinical status of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. There were small reductions in erythrocyte sedimentation rate and IgG which did not achieve statistical significance. Rheumatoid factor titre did not change. Although its mechanism of action is almost certainly related to its immunomodulatory properties it does not seem to be the same as that of levamisole.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Diclofenac sodium, diflunisal and naproxen: patient preferences for anti-inflammatory drugs in rheumatoid arthritis.

Ninety patients with active rheumatoid arthritis took part in a cross-over trial comparing diclofenac sodium, diflunisal and naproxen. The efficacy of the three drugs was similar though there were trends in favour of diclofenac sodium in some measurements. The incidence of side-effects was similar with the three drugs and each was chosen by a significant group of patients as continuation therapy at the end of the study.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Inhalation and intravenous studies of UF6/UO2F2 in dogs.

Nineteen UF6/UO2F2 inhalation studies were undertaken in purebred, female beagle dogs (N = 16) to examine inter alia, (a) the possible relations of exposure, whole body, lung and renal uranium levels to excretion rates; (b) the threshold U6+ dose and renal concentration for renal injury; (c) the distribution and retention functions for U6+ in major tissues; (d) biochemical indicators of renal injury; and (e) aspects of U-induced tolerance. Each of these issues was investigated in the context of the chemical toxicity of U6+ following brief exposures to 235UO2F2 in the presence or absence of HF (the decomposition products of 235UF6). Both gamma-(235U) and alpha-(234U) counting methods were applied. In nine studies on 5 dogs, UO2F2 was administered intravenously. The major findings from both types of studies include: (1) UO2F2 retention time in the lungs is shorter than for UO3 or uranyl nitrate, viz. greater than 80% translocated with T 1/2 of less than 20 min; (2) the urinary elimination of U6+ follows closely to the ICRP excretion equation; (c) an absorbed dose of approximately 10 micrograms U6+ kg-1 body weight appears to be effective in producing renal injury; (d) a renal concentration of 0.3 micrograms g-1 kidney is close to a threshold concentration for renal injury; and (e) urinary and blood biochemical changes and histopathologic data were acquired and evaluated in both novice and tolerant animals. This report, considers all of these objectives and findings: Those involving biochemical indices and uranium-induced tolerance will be more fully reported elsewhere. In general, the dog studies attest to the usefulness of the intravenous human studies for certain U6+ dose-response data and interface well with new retention data on intravenous uranyl citrate in dogs by Stevens et al.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1982

Islet transplantation in mice differing in the I and S subregions of the H-2 complex. Effects of presensitization with skin allografts.

Pancreatic islets from A.TH mice were transplanted into the spleen of streptozotocin (SZ)-diabetic A.TL mice. The two strains of mice are congenic inbred strains, differing only in the I and S subregions of the H-2 complex. The allogeneic islet grafts decreased blood glucose temporarily, but the islets were rejected after 21 +/- 7 days (mean +/- SD). The effect of skin presensitization was tested by giving both allogeneic and syngeneic skin grafts to each of a second set of A.TL mice before streptozotocin treatment and islet transplantation. The time course of rejection of the allogeneic islets in animals that received initial skin grafts was decreased to 8 +/- 3 days. In both skin-presensitized and non-presensitized mice syngeneic islet grafts were able to restore normoglycaemia, even in animals that had previously rejected an islet allograft. These observations demonstrate that transplantation of pancreatic islet allografts across the I and S subregions of the H-2 complex is sufficient to induce rejection of the islets. The islet rejection was markedly accelerated by prior sensitization with allogeneic skin grafting. It is suggested that elements in allogeneic skin grafts serve as inducers of cytotoxic T-cell responses directed against gene products of the I and/or S subregions present on cells in the allogeneic islets.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Clinical response to therapy with thymopoietin pentapeptide (TP-5) in rheumatoid arthritis.

The effect of thymopoietin pentapeptide (TP-5) was evaluated in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Ninety-two patients were divided into 3 groups, namely, placebo, TP-5 intramuscularly (IM) 1 mg, TP-5 intravenously (IV) 50 mg, and were evaluated for 6 measures of disease activity at the beginning of the study and at 3 and 6 months. No difference was observed between the placebo group and the group treated with TP-5 IM 1 mg. However, in the group treated with TP-5 IV 50 mg a statistically significant improvement of all parameters except the ESR was observed.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1982

Group treatment for parents of the adult mentally ill.

Support and education groups for the families of the mentally ill have been in existence for at least 20 years. The authors describe a group treatment program established in 1979 for parents of chronically mentally ill individuals living in the community. The goal was to help parents become less overprotective, critical, and hostile so that clients would relapse less frequently and improve their social functioning during their time in the community. The groups provided parents with information and support. Some of the results of the groups include the implementation of new hospital procedures, more effective parenting, and a parent-initiated alliance on behalf of the mentally ill in the locality.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1982

Response of the small intestinal mucosa to oral glucocorticoids.

These studies explored the effects of oral pharmacological doses of glucocorticoids on the normal small intestine of the adult rat. Short-term (7 days) prednisolone had little effect on mucosal structure or cell kinetics but enhanced the maximum absorptive capacities of the jejunum and ileum for galactose. This was due to an increase in carrier-mediated transport in the individual enterocytes and not to a change in the cell population. Activities of brush border enzymes were elevated and turnover studies indicated an increased rate of synthesis of brush border proteins associated with an enhanced glycoprotein content of the microvillus membrane. Subcellular fractionation studies demonstrated a large increase in the membrane-bound ribosomal RNA content of the enterocytes consistent with an enhanced synthesis of membrane proteins. These findings implicate a direct action of prednisolone on the enterocytes to increase their absorptive and digestive capacities by the induction of specific functional proteins. These effects on the absorptive and digestive functions of the small intestine were sustained with long-term (28 days) prednisolone feeding. An equivalent long-term oral dose of betamethasone-17-valerate, a locally rather than a systemically active glucocorticoid, had a similar effect on the enterocytes. However, an inhibition of crypt cell turnover resulted in a marked hypoplasia and hence no net change in the functional capacity of the mucosa. These findings emphasise the separate and opposing actions of glucocorticoids on the adult mucosa, on the one hand to stimulate enterocyte function, but on the other to reduce the enterocyte population. The predominant activity appears to be a function of each individual steroid. The predominant stimulatory action of prednisolone was further emphasised by investigating the effects of this glucocorticoid on the adapted ileum following jejunal resection. Indeed, short-term prednisolone enhanced the adaptive hyperplasia in the ideal remnant by increasing the functional capacity of the expanded population of enterocytes.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1982

Cholestatriene and ergostatetraene as in vivo and in vitro membrane and lipoprotein probes.

The fluorescent cholesterol analogues, cholesta-5,7,9(11)triene-3-beta-ol (I) and ergosta-5,7,9(11)-22-tetraene-3-beta-ol (II), have been shown to be readily incorporated by various tissues and lipoproteins in rabbits maintained on diets supplemented with these fluorophores. Human erythrocytes and lipoproteins were also found to incorporate I and II in vitro under physiological conditions. The thermotropic behavior of the lipoproteins and erythrocyte membranes labeled with sterols I and II was evaluated using temperature-dependent fluorescence polarization and/or fluorescence intensity spectra. Erythrocyte ghosts, fluorescently labeled in vivo (rabbit) or in vitro (rabbit and human), were found to undergo a reversible thermally induced transition at 24 +/- 2 degrees C. A similar transition occurring at higher temperatures was also observed in fluorescently labeled human and rabbit LDL particles. Furthermore, the transition temperatures and relative microviscosities of the in vivo labeled rabbit LDL particles were found to be dependent upon the amount of sterol present in the rabbits' diet. No evidence of a similar thermotropic transition was observed in any of the HDL particles. These results are discussed in terms of a thermotropic reordering of cholesterol clusters existing in the erythrocyte membrane and of the cholesteryl ester core present within the low density lipoprotein particle.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Association of spinocerebellar disorders with cystic fibrosis or chronic childhood cholestasis and very low serum vitamin E.

Neurological syndromes similar to those associated with abetalipoproteinaemia or Friedreich's ataxia developed in four patients with chronic steatorrhoea, two of whom had cystic fibrosis and two chronic cirrhosis of childhood. Serum concentrations of vitamin E were virtually undetectable in all four patients. Substantial clinical improvement occurred in one patient after restoration of normal vitamin E levels by parenteral therapy. The findings suggest that spinocerebellar degeneration may be secondary to severe and prolonged vitamin E deficiency.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1981

Placental and fetal contraindications of dexamethasone administration to pregnant rats.

Dexamethasone (DEXA) given to pregnant rats for either the last 3 or 6 days of gestation lowered placental, fetal body and adrenal weights. Histologically, DEXA-treated placentas appeared smaller than controls and showed signs of necrosis and pyknosis. Treated animals that were permitted to carry their litters to term did not deliver naturally, and most of their fetuses were dead when excised 1 day postmaturely.

Adrenal Glands↗