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Biomedical subjects

J Schmidt

Publications and source records attributed to J Schmidt.

At least 1,099 records · Page 61Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Long-term outcomes of psychosomatic rehabilitation].

According to the latest state of research psychosomatic rehabilitation can be considered as effective and efficient. Several program-evaluation studies document process and outcomes of over 4000 psychosomatic patients in rehabilitation clinics so far. The majority of patients in all studies show positive therapy outcomes, which also can be demonstrated in follow-up investigations. Those positive results cover disease and disorder related aspects as well as cost relevant facets. This paper presents one of those program-evaluation studies which reports the outcomes of a one year and a five year follow-up respectively. It focuses on the outcomes of those subjects which participated in both inquiries. In addition to single criteria the construction of a multiple outcome criterion is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Case management problems and home care.

The author summarizes a review of the case management problems encountered at the Visiting Nurse Service of New York, the largest certified provider of home care services to people with AIDS in the world. Case management problems can be divided into four general categories: client/significant others, housing/community, support services, and nurses' needs. Concrete solutions to these problems are discussed. As the number of people with AIDS increases, more home care agencies and discharge planners will need to consider these issues when planning care in the community.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A rare dental abnormality: "the phantom tooth" or "odontodysplasia". Apropos of a case].

"Phantom tooth" or "odontodysplasia" is one of the most unusual and rare of dental abnormalities, being characterised: Clinically, by the topography of the lesions, the involvement of both sets of teeth and abnormalities in the size and form of the teeth which remain unrupted or only partially evolved. Radiologically, by transparency of the teeth to X-rays. Histologically, by disorganisation of the dental structures and a highly characteristic appearance of the enamel and, in particular, dentine. On the basis of one case, the authors review in detail each aspect of these characteristics, paying special attention to histology and the information obtained using the sweep electron microscope.

Amelogenesis Imperfecta↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Interferons inhibit chemotaxis of transformed cells and their invasion of a reconstituted basement membrane.

Tumor cell migration and invasion are critical steps in the complex process of metastasis formation. It has been demonstrated that interferons (IFNs) inhibit the motility of human fibroblasts. In the present investigation we tested the effect of human leukocyte IFN and murine fibroblast IFN on the chemotactic migration of transformed and tumor-derived cells towards fibroblast conditioned medium. We were able to show that IFNs preferentially inhibit the chemotaxis of transformed and tumor-derived cell lines when compared to control fibroblasts. Inhibition was dose-dependent and most tumor cell strains were sensitive to concentrations of IFNs 10- to 100-fold lower than fibroblast cultures. Furthermore, leukocyte interferon was able to inhibit the invasion of transformed 3T3 fibroblasts through a gel of reconstituted basement membrane (Matrigel). These effects could be related to the antineoplastic activity of interferon.

Basement Membrane↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A simple, rapid and large capacity ELISA for biologically active native and recombinant human IFN gamma.

A rapid and sensitive enzyme-immunoassay for native and recombinant human interferon gamma is described. The test is performed in one step at room temperature and is based on the sandwich principle. The IFN gamma preparation is distributed with horse radish peroxidase-labeled monoclonal antibody to IFN gamma in microtiter plates previously coated with a second mab against IFN gamma. The amount of the IFN gamma mab sandwich fixed in the microtiter plate wells is proportional to the color developed after the addition of peroxidase-specific substrate. The two mab's used in the test neutralize IFN gamma and are directed against the same epitope. For this reason they can only detect the biologically active dimeric form of IFN gamma. The IFN gamma-ELISA works in phosphate buffer as well as in tissue culture medium or human serum. As the assay is routinely performed in 2 hours, the limit of detection is 3 U/ml of IFN gamma (0.3 ng/ml). If the assay is performed in 16 hours, the limit of detection decreases to 0.5 U/ml IFN gamma (0.06 ng/ml). The conditions to preserve the activity of IFN gamma preparation as standard are discussed.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

New aspects in the pharmacology of kindling implications for mechanism of of action in kindling.

Kindling is a long-lasting, transsynaptic, pathway-specific plastic change in brain function. It has been proposed as a model of neural plasticity, learning and memory, as well as a model of epilepsy. To elucidate the action of substances characterized by their ability to improve learning and memory and to have an activatory, protective and function restoring effect on nerve cells in distress, the effects of nootropic drugs and of antioxidative acting substances on the development of kindling and the seizure behavior in the kindled state were investigated. Nootropic drugs suppress the development of pentetrazol (PTZ)- and amygdala-kindling and possess anticonvulsive potency preferentially in kindled rats. In comparison to amygdala-kindling the substances were found to be more effective against PTZ-kindled seizures. Chemically different antioxidants in doses known to scavenge free radicals suppress markedly the development of kindling and possess anticonvulsant potency in chemically and electrically kindled rats. The results provide arguments in favor of functional alterations of transmission relevant membrane processes with structural and functional reorganization of membrane constituents and lead to the assumption that the changes mainly in part rest on a selective and focal involvement of free radicals. It is proposed that enhanced calcium entry into neurons and consequent biochemical alterations connected with a focal increase in free radicals is part of the mechanisms underlying kindling phenomenon.

Amygdala↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pretreatment transurethral resection of prostate cancer and disease-free survival.

Data from the American College of Surgeons' national survey on prostate cancer were analyzed to determine whether recurrence-free survival differs between those patients diagnosed by transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and those diagnosed by needle biopsy. Only patients who received radiation therapy as treatment were included in this analysis. There were 461 patients diagnosed by TURP and 541 patients by needle biopsy. Disease free survival was calculated according to the state and tumor differentiation. Except in stage B1, none of the groups showed a statistically significant difference in recurrence-free survival between the two diagnostic procedures. The results of this analysis suggest that the disease-free survival of patients with radiation-treated prostate cancer diagnosed by TURP and needle biopsy are similar.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The influence of social isolation on ethanol preference behavior and dopamine release in telencephalon slices in mice.

We examined the relation between the duration of social isolation and alterations in ethanol preference behavior and the dopamine release in telencephalon slices in mice. Ethanol preference developed only after an isolation period of 2 weeks and a further ethanol treatment of 2 weeks. It did not appear after an isolation period of 6 weeks, in mice without ethanol treatment, and in group-housed mice. The dopamine release was lowered in mice isolated for 2 weeks and is normalized in combination with ethanol treatment. The dopamine release inhibition evoked by social isolation of 2 weeks probably reflects a functional state with high sensitivity for induction of an ethanol preference behaviour.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The influence of chronic treatment with psychotropic drugs on behavioral changes by social isolation.

Neurobiological changes induced by social isolation of mice are affected by several drugs in different manner. Lithium is able to prevent changes in head-twitches seen after short term isolation as well as enhanced aggressivity and enhanced spontaneous locomotion demonstrable after long term isolation. Similar to lithium are the effects of carbamazepine, whereas the other tested substances: Ca-valproate, diazepam, desipramine, clomipramine as well as piracetam, methylglucaminorotate and meclofenoxate show different effects. The model of social isolation is discussed in view of its ability to differentiate the qualities of chronic drug administration during functional dynamic changes of the CNS in animals.

Aggression↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Thermal treatment in arterial diseases: an expensive placebo or an effective therapy?].

Each year, Royat (Auvergne) receives about 20,000 patients (80 per cent with intermittent claudication), treated by thermal gas (99.5 per cent of CO2). CO2 therapy is dispensed with thermal water or with dry gas (general or local immersion and local subcutaneous injections of gas) during 3 weeks. Local vasodilator effects of CO2 have been demonstrated with several methods in Royat. Physiological and therapeutic effects of thermal CO2 therapy, also used in Germany and Central Europe, were precisely reported during the Consensus Congress of Fribourg in Brisgau (1989); more particularly, this treatment seems provide a reduced ability of haemoglobin to fix oxygen, and therefore a release of oxygen within the cells. Patients with peripheral arterial disease (stage 2) have a walking distance increased and post-exercise ankles' pressures improved after a thermal course of treatment in Royat, while a control group has no significant changes. The discussion will concern also the socio-economic aspects of thermal treatment of arterial diseases.

Arteritis↗