Biomedical subjects
J Sadowski
Publications and source records attributed to J Sadowski.
Renal medullary electrolytes: effects of furosemide assessed by studies in vivo of electrical admittance.
In anaesthetized rabbits electrical admittance (a reciprocal of impedance) of the kidney in situ was recorded using electrodes located in the cortex, outer medulla, inner medulla and papilla. Renal haemodynamics, clearances and Na+ concentration in tissue slices were also determined. Admittance changes in response to i.v. furosemide, 1.5 or 3 mg/kg body weight, and to 15% mannitol infusion, reflected changing interstitial electrolyte concentration and, indirectly, changes in tubular reabsorption of NaCl. The large dose of furosemide and mannitol infusion decreased admittance in all renal zones whereas the small dose affected only the inner medulla and papilla. The rapid onset of the fall in admittance of the inner medulla, even in absence of changes within the outer medulla, suggests that the drug's action is not confined to the thick ascending limb but includes the thin ascending segment.
[Experimental evaluation of vascular two-sided velour prostheses].
Prototypes of Polish knitted vascular grafts with velours on two sides were implanted into abdominal aorta of 6 dogs. Suturing was easy, permeation was small and it stopped after 2.5 min. The grafts healed in well, and were covered with the even layer of lining. Recapitulating it can be concluded that Polish knitted vascular grafts with velours on two sides promise good results when applied in reconstructive vascular surgery.
[Natriuresis regulation: role of renal nerves].
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[Glomerular filtration: functional analysis. I].
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[Glomerular filtration: functional analysis. II].
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Dynamic evaluation of renal electrolyte gradient by in situ tissue impedance studies.
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Lithium inhibition of renal tubular p-aminohippurate transport in the rat: relation to plasma 2-oxoglutarate.
Effects of lithium on renal haemodynamics and renal handling of p-aminohippurate (PAH) and 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG) were studied in anaesthetized rats. LiCl given as a single intra-arterial injection of 5 mmol/kg body wt followed by an infusion at 0.01 mmole/min . kg did not affect glomerular filtration rate (Cin) or renal plasma flow (CPAH/EPAH and Cin/Ein). The maximal tubular transport capacity for PAH (TmPAH) was reduced from about 240 to 160 micrograms/min. Simultaneously, lithium significantly raised plasma concentration of 2-OG: its renal clearance increased more than 20 times and net tubular secretion was demonstrated. The inhibition of PAH transport strongly correlated with plasma 2-OG level. The data suggest that lithium inhibits tubular PAH secretion indirectly, by raising plasma 2-OG; the two substances could compete for a common tubular transport mechanism.
Denervated and intact kidney responses to norepinephrine infusion in conscious dogs.
Effects of moderately hypertensive norepinephrine (NE) infusion on the function of denervated and innervated kidney were determined in conscious dogs chronically prepared by surgical splitting of the urinary bladder performed to enable separate urine collection from each kidney. While blood pressure increased 23 +/- 4 mm Hg and renal hemodynamics tended to increase slightly, sodium excretion of the denervated but not innervated kidney decreased significantly. This indicated a NE-stimulated increase in tubular sodium reabsorption. The effect was limited to the denervated kidney, possibly due to hypersensitivity of this organ's tubules to the circulating catecholamine. Previous blockade of alpha-receptors (phentolamine) appeared to blunt the dissociated response of the two kidneys to NE, whereas beta-receptor blockade (propranolol) did not affect it. This suggests that increasing sodium reabsorption of the denervated kidney depended on stimulation of tubular alpha-receptors. NE infusion impaired urine concentration equally in the intact and denervated kidney.
[Clinical usefulness of the study of gastric secretion].
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Effect of ambient cold on urine concentration by the intact and denervated dog kidney.
In dogs transferred from room temperature to a low temperature of 1 +/- (SD) 3.5 degree C, the plasma norepinephrine (NE) level increased significantly. Urine concentration decreased in the cold, in the intact and similarly in the chronically denervated kidney. After return to a warm environment urine concentration improved in both kidneys while plasma NE remained elevated. The data speak against an essential role of the renal function to ambient cold.
Denervated and intact kidney responses to exercise in the dog.
In conscious female dogs exercise-induced changes in the function of the innervated and denervated kidney were studied by clearance techniques. The animals were prepared for experiments by chronic unilateral renal denervation and surgical division of the urinary bladder to enable separate urine collection from each kidney. A 20-min run on a treadmill at a speed of 2.6 m/s significantly decreased urine flow, osmolar clearance, sodium excretion, as well as clearances of exogenous creatinine and p-aminohippurate in the denervated kidney only. In dogs running at 3.6 m/s renal hemodynamics decreased significantly and similarly for both kidneys, whereas the fall in renal excretion was virtually limited to the denervated kidney. As glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was falling during exercise, sodium excretion per 100 ml GFR tended to increase in the innervated kidney, in contrast to an expected slight fall on the denervated side. This indicated a defect of tubular sodium reabsorption of the innervated kidney. On the whole, the data do not support an important mediatory role of renal nerves in the mechanism of renal function changes during exercise.
A search for a defect of proximal transport in denervated kidneys of conscious dogs.
The influence of renal nerves on proximal Na+ reabsorption was studied in clearance experiments with unilaterally renal-denervated conscious dogs prepared by surgical bladder division. Two types of experiments were made : A. maximal water diuresis, and B. Total blockade of distal NaCl reabsorption with ethacrynic acid and chlorothiazide. In maximal water diuresis CH2O + CNa was used as a measure of fluid delivery to the distal nephron. At similar GFR on both sides, the proximal reabsorption estimated as GFR--(CH2O + CNa) was 38.4 +/- 5.6 ml/min for the intact and 35.9 +/- 4.2 ml/min for the denervated kidney (n = 6, difference NS). After distal tubular blockade, proximal Na+ reabsorption calculated as filtered load minus urinary excretion was 3.84 +/- 0.43 mmol/min for the intact and 3.91 +/- 0.36 mmol/min for the denervated kidney (n = 6, difference NS). The fractional reabsorption of NA+ was 64.9 +/- 1.0% for the intact and 66.9 +/- 1.1% for the denervated kidney (difference NS). In contrast to data from renal denervation studies with anaesthetized animals, the present experiments did not show any difference in proximal reabsorption between the innervated- and denervated kidney. We conclude that in absence of anaesthesia renal efferent nerves have no major effect on NaCl transport in dog proximal tubule.
[Problem of dislocation of intracardiac electrodes in patients treated by continuous cardiac pacing].
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Influence of renal denervation on urine concentration in awake and anaesthetized dogs.
The role of renal nerves in urine concentration was studied in clearance experiments with unilaterally renal-denervated dogs prepared by surgical bladder division. Urine concentration was assessed under conditions of: (1) stimulation of ADH release by dehydration or barbiturate anaesthesia; (2) mannitol diuresis, and (3) isotonic saline diuresis. Differences in TcH2O/GFR between the intact and denervated kidney were not significant in any of the experimental groups. However, in dehydrated conscious dogs Uosm of the intact kidney (939 +/- 58 mmol/kg H2O) was significantly higher (P less than 0.05) than that of the denervated organ (806 +/- 51 mmol/kg H2O). In the intact kidney the medullary content of total solutes and sodium per kg wet tissue was 684 +/- 26 mmol and 208 +/- 12 mmol, respectively. This was significantly higher (P less than 0.005) than corresponding values of 581 +/- 23 mmol and 171 +/- 14 mmol per kg wet tissue measured in the denervated organ. We suggest that a slight impairment of urine concentration (lower Uosm) in the denervated kidney of conscious dogs may depend on decreased medullary hypertonicity.
The influence of metronidazole on ultrastructure of rat's liver.
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[Adenine nucleotides, coenzymes and indirect glucose metabolites in the erythrocytes of newborn infants. I. Newborn infants of healthy mothers].
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