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Biomedical subjects

J S Thompson

Publications and source records attributed to J S Thompson.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Intermediate filaments in normal tissues and lymphomas of northern pike, Esox lucius L., from the Aland Islands of Finland.

A battery of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies directed against cytokeratins, desmin, vimentin, glial fibrillary acidic protein and neurofilament proteins of mammalian species was used to demonstrate intermediate filament (IF) expression in normal and lymphoma tissues of northern pike by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. Frozen sections of pike intestine, skin, skeletal muscle, heart, liver, testis, head-, mid-, and posterior kidney and brain demonstrated IF in a manner which strengthens the idea that they are evolutionarily highly conserved. The results also confirm the IF-subclass specificities for different types of tissues, as noted by others in other species. Pike lymphoma cells showed morphological resemblance to head kidney cells; immunofluorescence microscopy and immunoblotting revealed vimentin expression, suggesting that the Aland pike lymphoma is a true mesenchymal neoplasm and is derived from haemic cells. The significance of these studies in relation to similar work with other species and to the possible use of IFs in the classification of normal and diseased tissues in fish is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Stimulation of neomucosal growth by systemic urogastrone.

Patching small intestinal defects with colon serosa results in the growth of functional neomucosa. However, the rate of neomucosal growth is slow and the defect contracts markedly. The aim of this study was to determine if systemic urogastrone would enhance neomucosal growth. Twenty-two New Zealand white rabbits had two 2 X 5-cm ileal defects patched with colon serosa and osmotic pumps placed subcutaneously. Eleven animals had saline infused at a rate of 5 microliter/hr. The other eleven rabbits had urogastrone (1 mg/ml saline) infused at the same rate. One animal died in this group. There was a modest increase in neomucosal growth after 2 weeks of urogastrone infusion. Three weeks after patching, defect coverage was significantly greater in the urogastrone group (99.8 +/- 0.1 vs 96.0 +/- 1.2%, P less than 0.005) and more defects were completely covered by neomucosa (6/10 vs 1/12, P less than 0.05). Less contraction occurred in the urogastrone group (46 +/- 2 vs 35 +/- 3% initial defect, P less than 0.005) and resultant neomucosal surface area was greater (361 +/- 12 vs 266 +/- 20 mm2, P less than 0.0005). In vitro glucose uptake was significantly greater in the urogastrone group but disaccharidase and diamine oxidase activity were similar. Crypt cell production rate was significantly greater 2 weeks after operation compared to 3 weeks in both groups and was greater in the urogastrone group compared to the saline group at 2 weeks (24.9 +/- 1.1 vs 20.1 +/- 1.1, P less than 0.02). Systemic urogastrone enhances neomucosal growth by increasing the rate of growth and diminishing contraction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing)↗
PubMed1987

Cutaneous tumor of northern pike, Esox lucius L. I. In vitro mitogenic responses of mononuclear cells from lymphoid tissues and tumor.

To evaluate functional characteristics of lymphocytes from the northern pike, Esox lucius L., mononuclear cells were isolated by Ficoll-Isopaque gradients from lymphoid organs and cutaneous tumors of normal and tumor bearing pikes. The cells were tested in a lymphocyte proliferation assay in medium supplemented with fetal calf serum or autologous plasma using three concentrations of PHA, Con A, tuberculin PPD, and LPS. Lymphocytes of northern pike could be triggered to DNA synthesis in vitro. However, no clearcut anatomical partitioning of mitogen responses was found, since the mean optimal proliferation indices for each mitogen were similar in blood, head kidney, and spleen, while cells from head kidney, the equivalent of bone marrow, were stimulated as well with the murine T cell mitogens PHA and Con A as with the B cell mitogens PPD and LPS. Tumorous pikes seemed to have an apparently normal lymphocyte population since they responded by blastogenesis as well as normal pikes. Tumor cells exhibited a high basic metabolic rate and reactivity to mitogens was largely lacking.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Effects of calcium entry blocker (nicardipine) tocolysis in rhesus macaques: fetal plasma concentrations and cardiorespiratory changes.

Tocolytic doses of nicardipine, a dihydropyridine calcium entry blocker, were administered to chronically catheterized rhesus monkeys between days 128 and 132 of gestation. During periods of spontaneous uterine contractility, a 500 micrograms nicardipine bolus was injected intravenously, and this was followed by continuous infusion (6 micrograms/kg/min) to the mother for 1 hour. Uterine activity (amniotic fluid pressure) and maternal heart rate and blood pressure were monitored continuously. Paired maternal and fetal blood samples were drawn at frequent intervals to monitor pH, PO2, PCO2, and plasma nicardipine concentrations. Peak maternal nicardipine concentrations ranged from 175 to 865 ng/ml while peak fetal levels ranged from 7 to 35 ng/ml. Fetal heart rate and blood pressure were unaffected. However, fetuses became acidotic (pH 7.26 +/- 0.01 versus 7.33 +/- 0.01) and hypoxemic (PO2 16.0 +/- 3.2 versus 24.5 +/- 2.0 mm Hg) after maternal nicardipine treatment (p less than 0.01). Despite the fact that maternal nicardipine treatment exerted a significant tocolytic effect, the undesirable fetal side effects are of concern and deserve further investigation.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Frequency of Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolation from stool specimens.

During a 6-month period, 7252 faeces specimens were examined for Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7. Forty-nine specimens (0.7%) from 19 patients yielded this organism. Escherichia coli O157:H7 was the third most frequently isolated bacterial pathogen, following Campylobacter jejuni and (or) Salmonella sp. Although regional variation between laboratories determined whether Campylobacter jejuni or Salmonella was the primary bacterial pathogen isolated, E. coli O157:H7 was consistently isolated more frequently than either Shigella or Yersinia enterocolitica.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Nutrition and immune function in the geriatric population.

Aging in experimental animals and in man is associated with a significant defect of helper/inducer T-lymphocytes. This quantity deficiency is paralleled by a qualitative deficiency of T-lymphocyte number and function. Similar defects have been observed in protein calorie malnutrition and zinc deficiency, and there is evidence that both may exist in the aged ill and perhaps even in aged healthy individuals. Nutritional support improves the immune defect in aged ill patients and it may be of value in improving this deficiency, even when administered to aged healthy subjects.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1987

Surgical alternatives for the short bowel syndrome.

Since the introduction of total parenteral nutrition an increasing number of patients are surviving massive intestinal resection. However, the expense, morbidity, and inconvenience of this therapy have created interest in surgical alternatives for the treatment of the short bowel syndrome. The goals of surgical therapy in the short bowel syndrome are to slow intestinal transit, increase the area of absorption, and reduce gastric hyperacidity. Antiperistaltic segments or colon interposition benefit patients with sufficient absorptive area, but rapid intestinal transit. Intestinal valves yield inconsistent results. Recirculating loops are associated with prohibitive morbidity and mortality. Experience with intestinal pacing is limited. Patients with dilated bowel segments may benefit from intestinal tapering or lengthening. Growing neomucosa holds promise but has not been evaluated clinically. Despite recent advances in immunosuppression the results of transplantation remain unsatisfactory. Gastric hyperacidity can be effectively controlled by H2 receptor antagonists. None of the operations for treatment of the short bowel syndrome is sufficiently safe and effective to recommend their routine use. Operations should be performed only on selected patients to achieve specific goals. Although investigation continues, our emphasis should continue to be prevention of intestinal resection and conservation of as much of the intestine as possible when massive resection is necessary.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Occult sinus abnormalities in the asthmatic patient.

Unrecognized sinusitis has been cited by others as a significant unrecognized factor in patients with asthma, chronic rhinitis, and urticaria. The current study examines the utility of roentgenography of the paranasal sinuses in such patients. Forty-seven percent of patients with flare-ups of asthma had abnormal sinus roentgenograms, a highly significant difference from the 29% prevalence in patients presenting with complaints of rhinitis. The patient's clinical history was most often not helpful in predicting whether or not roentgenographic abnormalities of the sinuses would be detected. Since maxillary sinusitis is the most frequent finding, the erect Waters' view is the most useful single roentgenogram.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

In vivo glucose absorption by neomucosa.

Growing neomucosa has been investigated as a means of permanently increasing intestinal absorption in the short-bowel syndrome. The purpose of this study was to quantitate in vivo glucose absorption by neomucosa and correlate this with neomucosal growth. Thirteen New Zealand White rabbits (2.3 to 3.8 kg) had 2 by 5 cm ileal defects patched with colon serosa, and there was 12 control animals. Glucose absorption was determined by measuring the appearance of radioactivity in the portal vein and vena cava after topical application of [14C]-glucose. At 2 weeks the patched defect is partially covered by a thin layer of columnar epithelial cells. Mature villi are present at 8 weeks. The maximum rate of absorption by neomucosa was significantly greater 8 weeks after patching than at 2 or 4 weeks (0.067 +/- 0.103 versus 0.020 +/- 0.004 and 0.012 +/- 0.003 microCi/min) but was significantly less than normal mucosa (0.264 +/- 0.142 microCi/min, p less than 0.05). Similarly, glucose absorption in the first 20 minutes by neomucosa was greater at 8 weeks than at 2 and 4 weeks (13.0% +/- 6.2% versus 4.7% +/- 0.5% and 6.5% +/- 1.33%, p less than 0.05). Colon serosa also absorbed significant glucose. Neomucosa absorbs glucose in vivo. The rate and amount of absorption correlate with neomucosal growth. Significant glucose absorption by colon serosa has implications for the transperitoneal delivery of nutrients.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Urinary polyamines in colorectal cancer.

Urine polyamine content is increased in patients with colorectal malignancy and may be a useful tumor marker in the management of these patients. Urinary excretion of putrescine and spermidine was measured preoperatively and in the first week postoperatively in nine patients with inflammatory bowel disease, eight with other benign colorectal disease, and 13 with colorectal cancer. Preoperative urine putrescine levels were elevated similarly in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and malignancy. Polyamine levels were increased in all three groups in the early postoperative period. Urinary polyamine excretion did not correlate with serum CEA levels, tumor volume, or stage of disease in patients with cancer. Because elevated levels of urinary polyamines are not specific for malignancy and do not correlate with other prognostic indicators, such measurements are unlikely to be useful in tumor detection and determining prognosis. Polyamine levels, however, may prove useful in monitoring response to therapy and detecting recurrences in individual patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Limitations of nutritional assessment in predicting the outcome of colorectal operations.

The value of preoperative nutritional assessment in predicting postoperative morbidity and mortality is controversial. To evaluate the predictive value of preoperative nutritional status, the courses of 100 consecutive patients undergoing colorectal operations were studied prospectively. Subnormal findings for triceps-skin-fold thickness (TSF) and percentage of ideal body weight were associated with a significantly higher complication rate, but occurred so infrequently in our patients that the routine use of these tests is not recommended. Subnormal values for commonly obtained nutritional variables may not justify delay of operation for nutritional repletion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

The many uses of the U tube.

U tube placement was employed as an adjunct to complicated biliary procedures in 14 patients. We found the transhepatic tubes to be useful for stenting biliary anastomoses, maintaining biliary drainage, delivering localized irradiation, and acting as permanent external conduits. The tubes remained in placed an average of 15 months and as long as 40 months. The frequency of cholangitis was minimized by frequent tube exchange. The U-shaped configuration makes tube exchange easy and inexpensive to perform.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

The importance of luminal factors in neomucosal growth.

Growing neomucosa on patched intestinal defects has been investigated as a method of expanding the intestinal absorptive area. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of luminal factors on the rate of growth and function of neomucosa in rabbit ileum. A 2 X 5-cm distal ileal defect was patched with adjacent colon serosa in 10 New Zealand white male rabbits. A similar defect was patched in a bypassed ileal segment in an additional 10 rabbits. Five animals in each group were sacrificed at 4 and 8 weeks for determination of the gross and microscopic growth of neomucosa, glucose uptake, and disaccharidase activity. In addition, tritiated thymidine uptake was measured in neomucosa and incontinuity ileum at the 4-week sacrifice. Grossly, the patched defects were covered in nearly all animals by 4 weeks and coverage was complete at 8 weeks. Microscopically, the mucosa was less well developed in the bypassed group with a mean villous height significantly less than the incontinuity group (139.9 +/- 13.9 microns vs 212.33 +/- 30.3 microns, P less than 0.0005). In vitro uptake of [3H]thymidine was significantly higher in neomucosa in bypassed segments when compared with neomucosa in incontinuity segments (692.5 +/- 347.8 vs 278.0 +/- 134.8, P less than .05, expressed as percentage of normal incontinuity ileum). Glucose uptake was similar in both groups but disaccharidase activity was significantly less in the bypassed group. The increased uptake of [3H]thymidine in neomucosa in the bypassed segment may reflect the histologic immaturity of this tissue with a greater proportion of DNA synthesizing cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Growth of intestinal neomucosa on prosthetic materials.

The short bowel syndrome is a potential complication of the surgical management of diseases of the large and small intestine. Recently methods have been examined for expanding the small bowel absorptive area using prosthetic materials. We investigated the feasibility of growing intestinal mucosa on prosthetic patches and tubes. Ileal defects were patched with a 2 X 5-cm patch of either Dacron (n = 15), polyglycolic acid mesh (PGA) (n = 9), or polytetrafluroethylene (PTFE) (n = 5) prosthesis in New Zealand white male rabbits. Gross and microscopic analysis at 2, 4, and 8 weeks revealed that the serosal surface was covered with neomucosa by 4 weeks. Dacron and PTFE grafts were either minimally attached or extruded and PGA grafts had dissolved. At 8 weeks, none of the patches were present but with all three materials the resultant area of neomucosa was only 15% of the original defect. The neomucosa was functional as determined by glucose uptake and disaccharidase activity. Three centimeter Dacron tubes were interposed in the distal ileum of 10 rabbits and in a bypassed ileal segment in 11 rabbits. There was an 80% mortality within 2 weeks, and no evidence of neomucosal growth. Although prosthetic patches support the growth of functional neomucosa, there is a minimal increase in the final surface area. The type of prosthesis did not influence the outcome. The use of Dacron tubes is associated with high mortality and no neomucosal growth. The use of prosthetic materials is not likely to be useful in the clinical management of the short bowel syndrome.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

The influence of serosal patch size on the growth of small intestinal neomucosa.

Several factors might affect the growth of neomucosa after serosal patching of small intestinal defects. Often only short segments of small intestine can be patched because of limited serosal surface and anatomic factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of patch size on neomucosal growth. Twenty male New Zealand white rabbits underwent patching with colon serosa of either a 2 X 15-cm distal ileal defect (n = 10) or three 2 X 5-cm ileal defects (n = 10). There was significantly greater coverage of the patched defect by neomucosa in the triple patch group (99.4% vs 93.1% P less than 0.005) and significantly more of the smaller defects were completely covered by neomucosa than the larger defects (12 of 15 vs 0 of 5, P less than 0.05) at 8 weeks. The final area of the defect was 27.5 and 32.8% of the initial patched area respectively for the single and triple patches. Microscopically there was no difference in villous height or crypt depth, but crypt density was significantly greater in the triple group (207 +/- 11 vs 186 +/- 17 crypts/mm, P less than 0.05). In vitro glucose uptake and disaccharidase activity were similar in both groups. Patching multiple small intestinal defects results in more rapid neomucosal growth than a single large defect of the same surface area. This might be due to a greater circumference exposed to surrounding normal mucosa with a resultant increase in crypt density. Since function and villous development of the neomucosa are similar, multiple patches should result in a greater increase in absorptive capacity.

Animals↗