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Biomedical subjects

J S Thomas

Publications and source records attributed to J S Thomas.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Hypertrophic gastritis associated with increased gastric mucosal prostaglandin E2 concentrations in a patient with the carcinoid syndrome.

A case of a 69 year old man in whom hypertrophic gastritis was associated with the carcinoid syndrome is reported. Concentrations of prostaglandin E2 were increased in plasma, gastric juice, gastric mucosa and urine. He had marked hypochlorhydria in response to pentagastrin stimulation (Peak acid output (PAO) pg:0.2 mmol/h). After successful hepatic arterial embolisation of the metastases (as indicated by an 85% decrease in 24 h urinary 5-HIAA) the concentrations of prostaglandin E2 decreased in the plasma, gastric juice and gastric mucosa. The gastric mucosal hypertrophy regressed and secretion of acid in response to pentagastrin returned (PAO pg:9.0 mmol/h). These findings suggest that the carcinoid tumour was producing a substance which stimulated increased local synthesis of prostaglandin E2 in the gastric mucosa, with concomitant gastric mucosal hypertrophy and inhibition of gastric acid secretion.

Dinoprostone↗
PubMed1986

Pathological changes induced by Pomphorhynchus laevis Muller (Acanthocephala) in the gut of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson.

The consequences of infection of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, by an acanthocephalan, Pomphorhynchus laevis Muller, have been studied using light and electron microscopy. The mucosal epithelium, of the gut adjacent to the metasoma of the worm suffered compression and abrasion. The praesoma of P. laevis penetrated the mucosal epithelium, lamina propria, stratum compactum, stratum granulosum, muscularis and serosa of the gut wall, and was invested by a fibrous capsule of inflammation tissue. This was composed of four principal cell types: eosinophilic granular cells (EGCs), type A cells, type B cells and fibroblasts. Some melanocytes and lymphocytes were also present. The role of the EGCs in the inflammation response is not known, but may not be an active one. The type A cells resembled neutrophils of other fish species, and have tentatively been placed in this category. The type B cells, with large cisternae formed by the RER, resembled plasma cells and may have been involved in a humoral response to the acanthocephalan. The integument of P. laevis did not appear to be damaged by the cells of the inflammation tissue, and it seems likely that this host response was incapable of rejecting the parasite.

Acanthocephala↗
PubMed1986

Bowel adenocarcinoma in a patient with cystic fibrosis.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive condition affecting one in 2,000 live births in the UK. There are few reports of malignant tumours in this condition probably because, until recently, the majority died before the age of 30 years as a result of recurrent and chronic bronchopulmonary infection with impaired growth and development and resistance to infection due to pancreatic malabsorption. We describe an adult male with CF who died from an adenocarcinoma affecting the ileocaecal region of the bowel.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Food in the aetiology of cancer.

During recent years much evidence has accumulated indicating that diet and nutrition may be important in the aetiology of human cancer. This paper discusses some of the components of diet that have been implicated as both causative and protective agents. Total calorie intake and overnutrition have been associated with breast and uterine cancers, high fat intake with cancer of the breast and large bowel and nitrates with gastric cancer. High fibre intakes are suggested to protect against colo-rectal cancer, and vitamin A, selenium and vitamin E have been inversely associated with various cancers.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma: a 21-year retrospective study of cases at the Western Infirmary, Glasgow.

A 21-year retrospective autopsy study of bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma in the Western District of Glasgow is presented which includes a detailed review of the case notes and post-mortem pathology of 18 patients. Aspects of the histogenesis of the tumour and its prognosis are included in the discussion. It is concluded that bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma is a valid term which describes a disease entity that is amenable to successful surgical resection when at a limited stage but that in pathological terms it represents a heterogeneous population of tumours.

Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar↗
PubMed1982

Familial hyperthyroidism without evidence of autoimmunity.

Thirty-four members of a single family were studied and 9 of them were found to be suffering from hyperthyroidism associated with diffuse goitre. Exophthalmos was absent and transmission seemed to be independent of HLA type. Four of the 9 were studied prior to treatment but in all cases serum immunoglobulin levels were normal, antithyroglobulin and antimicrosomal antibodies absent, thyroid stimulating antibodies negative and the lymphocyte transformation responses to mitogens not different from those of controls. The results of testing the euthyroid family members were similarly negative, except in the case of a woman with type I diabetes mellitus who showed a low titre of antimicrosomal antibody. Seven of the patients underwent subtotal thyroidectomy. Lymphocytic infiltration of the excised portion was rarely present. Four of the glands were subjected to immunofluorescent and electron microscopy but neither immunosecreting cells nor immune complex deposits were found. These results point to the existence of a non-autoimmune form of goitrous hyperthyroidism, different from Graves' disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Double-blind, controlled study of clemastine fumarate, chlorpheniramine and placebo in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis.

A whole body plethysmograph (body box) equipped with a flow meter (see Figure 1) was used for objective quantification of the effects of single doses of clemastine fumarate 2.68 mg, chlorpheniramine 4 mg and placebo in a double-blind study of 48 patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. This technique offers an objective means of assessing drug effects on nasal congestion and obstruction. Before the development of whole body plethysmography, only subjective assessments of antihistamines' effects on nasal blockage or congestion were available. These subjective reports usually noted that nasal blockage or congestion was refractory to antihistamines or minimally relieved by them. However, in this study, nasal and oral airway resistances, each measured by whole body plethysmography, were lowered by clemastine fumarate and chlorpheniramine. These results were corroborated by the patients' and physician's assessments of changes in symptom severity and the physician's evaluation of intranasal photographs taken for each patient. Oral airway resistance of patients treated with clemastine fumarate was improved to a significantly greater extent than in patients receiving placebo. At two hours post-drug, patients receiving clemastine fumarate usually showed a greater response in most assessments than those receiving chlorpheniramine, and the trend of most comparisons was clearly in favor of clemastine fumarate. Patients in all three treatment groups experienced drowsiness but both incidence and severity were lower with clemastine fumarate.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1977

Double-blind, controlled study of clemastine fumarate, chlorpheniramine and placebo in the symptomatic treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis in desensitized and nondesensitized patients.

In double-blind trials clemastine fumarate 2.68 mg. chlorpheniramine 4 mg and placebo were randomly assigned to two groups of patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Thirty-nine desensitized patients were given one of the three test drugs in a parallel design; 67 nondesensitized patients each received two of the three drugs in a crossover design. Assessment of drug activity in each study was by whole body plethysmography and intranasal color photography as well as by subjective methods. Objective measurements showed clemastine fumarate was significantly superior to placebo and often better than chlorpheniramine in decreasing true nasal resistance and relieving nasal congestion. High placebo responses characterized the subjective evaluations, although the active drugs were clearly better. Responses varied somewhat between desensitized and nondesensitized patients. The number of reports of sedative effect, high in all groups, seemed to be more closely related to these antihistamine conditioned patients than to activity of the drugs themselves, based on previous reports of low sedation with clemastine fumarate. The techniques described proved very useful in distinguishing relative activity of antihistamines. Clemastine fumarate, the new antihistamine studied, appears to offer certain advantages over the older drug, chlorpheniramine.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1976

Forearm oscillation during cooling of the dentate mucleus in the monkey.

A study was made of oscillations in arm acceleration in monkeys performing a self-paced manual step-tracking task. Power spectral density analyses of segments of arm acceleration data from normal monkeys containing both flexion and extension movements and intermovement holding periods showed three major peaks at 1-1.5 Hz, 3-5 Hz and 5-7 Hz. Cooling of the dentate nucleus produced a marked increase in the relative magnitude of the 3-5 Hz spectral band. The spectral peak in this frequency range was larger than the other two which were also present during cooling. Autocorrelation functions from long segments of data containing flexion and extension movements and intermovement holding periods showed regular periodic variations in both normal and cooled animals. This suggests that the ongoing oscillations were not changed in phase by the occurrence of the self-initiated arm movements.

Animals↗