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J S Thomas

Publications and source records attributed to J S Thomas.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Detection of resistance due to inducible beta-lactamase in Enterobacter aerogenes and Enterobacter cloacae.

Thirty-six of 36 strains of Enterobacter cloacae and E. aerogenes with inducible beta-lactamase developed resistance when cefoxitin (inducer) was added to cefuroxime disks. Constitutive beta-lactamase producers (n = 23) were all resistant to cefuroxime. Cefuroxime resistance correlated with the amount of induced or constitutive beta-lactamase. Cefuroxime was a better indicator of induced resistance than cefamandole, cefazolin, cephalothin, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ticarcillin with or without clavulanic acid, or cefotetan. Induction by addition of cefoxitin to disks occasionally reduced zone sizes but not enough to change interpretations for ceftazidime, ceftizoxime, aztreonam, cefoperazone with or without sulbactam, and piperacillin with or without tazobactam. Most enterobacters were resistant to cefmetazole. The cefoxitin inducer-cefuroxime indicator method can be used in routine clinical laboratories to detect latent resistance due to chromosomally mediated inducible beta-lactamase in enterobacters.

Cefuroxime↗
PubMed1993

A primary platelet disorder of consanguineous simmental cattle.

A severe hereditary hemorrhagic diathesis in Simmental cattle has been identified in North America. Platelet numbers and coagulation profiles of affected cattle are normal. We have further characterized the severe dysfunction of platelet aggregation. All agonists tested elicited normal shape change. Aggregations in response to ADP, A23187, and collagen were absent. Aggregations were decreased or required more time for completion in response to PAF and thrombin. No ultrastructural abnormalities were observed in transmission electron micrographs. Dense granule release of ATP in response to PAF was normal. Thrombin-induced aggregation was dependent upon external calcium concentration in normal but not affected animals. Clot retraction in the blood from affected animals was abnormal. The data implicate a defect of Ca++ mobilization or utilization.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1993

How reliable is the diagnosis of lung cancer using small biopsy specimens? Report of a UKCCCR Lung Cancer Working Party.

BACKGROUND: A study was undertaken to investigate the accuracy of typing of a series of bronchial carcinomas by experienced pathologists with an interest in lung cancer from the examination of bronchoscopic biopsy specimens. METHODS: Eighty bronchial biopsy specimens showing positive results for bronchial carcinoma were circulated to five pathologists, who recorded diagnostic criteria and diagnosis for each. Diagnoses were then compared with the diagnosis agreed from the resection specimen corresponding to each biopsy specimen. A "non-small cell carcinoma, not further specified" classification group was introduced for small biopsy specimens. RESULTS: A diagnostic accuracy of 75% was achieved for squamous cell carcinomas, 66% for small cell carcinomas, and 50% for adenocarcinomas. There was diagnostic confusion between small cell and non-small cell carcinoma in less than 10% of cases. The introduction of a non-specific non-small cell classification improved diagnostic accuracy by 10-15% for each non-small cell tumour group. CONCLUSIONS: There are appreciable inaccuracies in applying the World Health Organisation's 1981 classification of lung cancer to the diagnosis of bronchial carcinoma from small biopsy specimens and these inaccuracies have been measured. They can be diminished by introducing a less specific "non-small cell" category for use with this sort of biopsy material. Care should be taken not to overinterpret small biopsy specimens in lung cancer.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1993

Hemorrhagic diathesis associated with a hereditary platelet disorder in Simmental cattle.

A severe bleeding disorder in Simmental cattle has been described in widespread locations in the USA and Canada. The clinical findings are consistent with a hemophilia-like disease or, more precisely, a hereditary hemorrhagic diathesis and include spontaneous epistaxis, hematuria, and excessive bleeding associated with trauma or standard management procedures such as tattooing, ear tagging, and castration. A preliminary investigation of this defect showed that blood-platelet numbers and coagulation profiles of affected cattle were normal. Affected animals have a marked dysfunction of platelets (thrombopathy), termed Simmental hereditary thrombopathy. The defect is very similar or identical to that described in the same breed by 2 other laboratories.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Development of a postoperative self-assessment form.

This paper describes a patient self-assessment form developed for use in a research study examining early discharge and transitional nursing follow-up care for women with abdominal hysterectomy. Transitional care nursing involves preparation for an early discharge from the hospital and nursing follow-up for convalescence at home through an 8-week recovery period. The goal of transitional care is to assist the client in regaining her preoperative level of self-care. This article will include a brief overview of the ongoing research study, a description of the role of the clinical nurse specialist (CNS) in transitional care, and the use of the self-assessment form. The form is applicable to numerous clinical settings.

Clinical Nursing Research↗
PubMed1992

Platelet aggregation and dense granule secretion in a colony of dogs with spontaneous hypertension.

AIM: Since canine hereditary essential hypertension has been previously reported in a colony of Siberian husky dogs, we tested the suitability of this model for use in studies on the platelet defect identified in humans with essential hypertension. METHODS: Platelet aggregation and dense granule ATP secretion were measured in dogs with essential hypertension and normotensive control dogs. RESULTS: The platelets from the hypertensive group showed significantly increased aggregation and secretion in response to stimulation with ADP. There was no significant increase in aggregation or secretion when platelets from hypertensive dogs were stimulated by platelet-activating factor, thrombin, calcium ionophore A23187 or phorbol myristate acetate. CONCLUSION: The increased aggregation and secretion responses in platelets from the hypertensive dogs suggest that a defect similar to that reported in humans with essential hypertension exists and that further investigation is warranted.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1991

Prospective study of quantitative aspects of audit in a large general histopathology laboratory.

A non-computerised method of accurate prospective analysis of the quantitative aspects of the work of a general histopathology laboratory was devised. The method entails monitoring the progress of all biopsy and cytology specimens through the laboratory during selected monthly periods of study. The data collected include details of specimen type, block/section/stain details for each specimen, and information about the timed progress through technical, medical, and secretarial stages of specimen/report handling. The results give a detailed breakdown of the biopsy and cytology workload of this department. They give information about the rate of passage of specimens through the system and identify reasons for delay in the reporting of some cases. The method is easy to operate and will allow for the analysis of specific effects--for example, staff changes--on the efficiency of the department. The data will also provide some of the information required for the costing of histopathology laboratory services, and the type of information obtained will probably become a necessary requirement for laboratory accreditation.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

Primary peritoneal pregnancy: a case report.

Primary peritoneal pregnancy has been reported and debated for almost a century. Case reports using Studdiford's criteria and later modified criteria have substantiated the entity, but the pathogenesis remains an enigma. This article fulfills both criteria and discusses the factors related to the pathogenesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Semiquantitative analyses of fine needle aspirates from benign and malignant breast lesions.

A scoring system for the assessment of fine needle aspirates of benign and malignant breast lesions was devised which showed a positive correlation (r = 0.67) between the scores obtained from the fine needle aspirates from ductal carcinomas and the Bloom and Richardson-type scores for their paired excision biopsy specimens. This system permitted grades II and III ductal breast carcinoma to be distinguished reliably from grade I tumours but no correlation with the lymph node state of patients with breast carcinoma was shown. Some overlap between the scores for grade I ductal carcinomas and some benign lesions was found, and this underlines a need for caution in the reporting of such equivocal aspirates. No cytological features that distinguished reliably ductal from lobular carcinoma were identified but the same spectrum of severity of cytological abnormality in the ductal and lobular carcinoma aspirates was seen. This system may be of prognostic value in the assessment of lobular carcinoma which has hitherto defied histological grading.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1989

Malignant pleural mesothelioma in western Glasgow 1980-6.

This study reviews all histologically proved cases of malignant pleural mesothelioma seen in the western district of Glasgow during 1980-6. Sixty eight cases were identified (three female) with an age range at presentation of 48-85 (mean 68.9) years. Asbestos exposure was identified in 54 (80%) of the patients, most of whom had been shipyard workers. Pain and dyspnoea were the most common presenting symptoms. Pleural effusion was found in 57 (84%) of the patients, in a ratio of 2.6 right:left. The median survival was only 30 weeks from the time of presentation. Prognosis was significantly better for those presenting with dyspnoea than for those with pain (median survival 44 v 22 weeks). Postmortem examination was performed in 40 cases and metastatic disease found in more than three quarters. There was no significant difference between the incidence of the various tumour cell types or any relation between cell type and survival or the incidence of metastatic disease. A substantial increase in cases of malignant pleural mesothelioma has been found in an area of already high incidence. The use of rigorous histological criteria to determine histological cell type has shown that this previously valued variable is of no discriminatory value with regard to disease activity or survival.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Adenomyosis: a retrospective view.

Adenomyosis has been referred to as diagnostically elusive due to the difficulty of clinical identification and unknown etiology. In a retrospective study of 178 consecutive uteri removed or biopsied at Howard University Hospital significant differences in the average age and peak incidence, correct preoperative diagnosis, and association with leiomyoma was noted when compared with the current literature. The data suggest that in black Americans symptomatic essential adenomyosis occurs earlier and that dilation and curettage may have an etiologic role. In general, adenomyosis is more frequently associated with leiomyoma but essential adenomyosis was diagnosed most consistently when uterine enlargement was noted during the menstrual period. The authors conclude that adenomyosis should be considered in all cases of abnormal uterine bleeding and dysmenorrhea. Early diagnosis by ultrasonographic testing may lead to an identifiable cause of this disease and result in methods of prevention or early medical therapy.

Adult↗