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Biomedical subjects

J S Phillips

Publications and source records attributed to J S Phillips.

33 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Worksite stress management interventions.

Despite the general agreement that stress plays a role in everyday life, there continues to be substantial controversy about how stress can be managed at the worksite. During the last decade, our knowledge of stress management interventions has increased substantially. Despite this improvement, deficiencies in the literature exist. In this article, we offer a framework that may be used for viewing organizational stress interventions, briefly review some of the stress management intervention literature in the context of this framework, and identify future needs that may be particularly appropriate for organizational psychologists to address.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1989

Goal utility, task satisfaction, and the self-appraisal hypothesis of type A behavior.

Strube's (1987) self-appraisal model of Type A behavior suggests that externally mediated performance goals that are useful for assessing task-related competencies will possess greater utility and be more satisfying to Type A persons than to Type B persons. In contrast, because Type Bs may have an aversion to competency verifications, they should be more satisfied than Type As when goals are uninformative about task-related competencies. The 102 undergraduate Ss performed either a word puzzle or proofreading task under 1 of 4 goal conditions that varied in terms of the goal's instrumentality for assessing competencies and for obtaining a financial incentive. Results are generally consistent with this prediction, thereby providing verification for one of the more basic propositions derived from the self-appraisal model.

Achievement↗
PubMed1989

Species recognition elicited by differences in composition of the genital sex pheromone in Dermacentor variabilis and D. andersoni (Acari: Ixodidae).

The chemical basis for the ability of fed males of Dermacentor variabilis (Say) and D. andersoni (Stiles) to differentiate conspecific and heterospecific females was investigated using a neutered female bioassay. Male D. variabilis responded strongly in a dose-response manner to increasing concentrations of stearic and palmitic acids and an extract of the anterior reproductive tract (ART) of fed D. variabilis females. Mating responses were greatest at 1 microgram of fatty acid and 1 female equivalent (FE) of ART extract. D. variabilis males also responded strongly to D. variabilis females treated with a conspecific ART extract and a mixture of fatty acids simulating the extract; responses were moderate to D. andersoni females treated with the same extract or fatty acid mixture. They also responded moderately to conspecific females treated with D. andersoni extract. Male D. andersoni displayed moderate increases in mating behavior over a range of concentrations of stearic and palmitic acids and conspecific ART extract. D. andersoni males mated only with D. andersoni females treated with a conspecific extract or a mixture of fatty acids simulating the extract. Mating by D. andersoni did not occur in response to D. variabilis females treated with D. andersoni or D. variabilis ART extracts. Stearic acid alone or in combination with 20-hydroxyecdysone, oleic, or myristic acid did not account for the specificity of response of either species. D. andersoni males were much less responsive to fatty acids, alone or in mixtures, than D. variabilis males. These findings indicate that fatty acids are important in mate recognition by D. variabilis, but explain only part of that by D. andersoni. The possibility is raised that another compound is required for mate recognition by D. andersoni.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The use of tools by children with haemophilia.

Eight mothers with their 3.1- to 5.7-year-old children with haemophilia and eight control mothers with their children were videotaped while playing three games using a knife, a pair of scissors and a wooden hammer, and two games without tools. Although the children with haemophilia were less proficient, took less care, and were more excited when handling sharp tools than the control children, their mothers did not correct their children when they used a knife incompetently and carelessly. It is recommended that counselling should emphasize the deliberate preparation and training of the haemophilic child in the use of tools which are potentially dangerous.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1983

Therapeutic trials.

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Clinical Trials as Topic↗