Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J S Murty

Publications and source records attributed to J S Murty.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Removal of colour and turbidity in pulp and paper mill effluents using polyelectrolytes.

The present study was undertaken for removal of the colour, turbidity and COD from pulp and paper mill effluents using polyelectrolytes for pollution control and its safe disposal. Based on the pH of effluent and nature of colour imparting substance, suitable polyelectrolytes have been selected and used. A novel method of treating the above effluent with 0.2 ml/L of Rishlyte 80 L for the removal of colour, turbidity and COD has been found to be optimal and techno-economically viable when compared with the conventional method of treatment with alum.

Color↗
PubMed1996

Autosomal dominant zonular cataract with sutural opacities in a four-generation family.

PURPOSE: We identified and examined four generations of a family with coexisting autosomal dominant zonular cataracts and sutural opacities and sought to determine their genetic basis. METHODS: Twenty-four of the 48 members in the family were examined. Systemic and ocular histories were obtained, and a detailed ophthalmic examination was performed. From each individual, 20 ml of blood was drawn for linkage studies with microsatellite markers in regions to which zonular cataracts had previously been localized (chromosomes 1, 2, and 16). RESULTS: Individuals of the first generation were reportedly asymptomatic. Several members of the second generation had morphologically identical zonular cataracts. Affected members of the third generation showed morphologic heterogeneity, with the zonular opacity varying from a uniform lamella to a segregation of dots. A high degree of consanguinity in the second generation suggested recessive inheritance with a pseudodominant inheritance pattern. However, examination of one member of the asymptomatic first generation disclosed senile cataractous changes superimposed on a faint zonular cataract enclosing sutural opacities and a pulverulent fetal nucleus. The latter findings were reconfirmed to be present in affected members of all generations, suggesting an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. Initial efforts at linkage analysis excluded the gene locus causing this cataract from the Duffy, haptoglobin, and gamma-crystallin regions. CONCLUSIONS: The cataract in this family is both phenotypically and genetically distinct from previously described and mapped cataracts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Genetic structure of the Manne Dora, a tribal population of Andhra Pradesh.

The Manne Dora, a small tribe inhabiting the north coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh, South India, have been studied for 24 genetic markers, including blood groups, plasma proteins, and red cell enzymes. A genetic distance analysis was used to test whether this tribe was part of another tribe, the Konda Dora, and to clarify its divergence from other tribal populations of Andhra Pradesh. The dendrogram and principal components analysis reveal clustering of the tribal populations in close agreement with geographic distance. The study indicates that the Manne Dora may have been genetically part of the Konda Dora and separated only recently.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Autosomal dominant zonular cataract with sutural opacities localized to chromosome 17q11-12.

Congenital cataracts constitute a morphologically and genetically heterogeneous group of diseases that are a major cause of childhood blindness. Different loci for hereditary congenital cataracts have been mapped to chromosomes 1, 2, 16, and 17q24. We report linkage of a gene causing a unique form of autosomal dominant zonular cataracts with Y-sutural opacities to chromosome 17q11-12 in a three-generation family exhibiting a maximum lod score of 3.9 at D17S805. Multipoint analysis gave a 1-lod confidence interval of 17 cM. This interval is bounded by the markers D17S799 and D17S798, a region that would encompass a number of candidate genes including that coding for beta A3/A1-crystallin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Malondialdehyde levels in patients with duodenal ulcer.

Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a stable product of lipid peroxidation of membrane lipids. In view of its role in membrane lipid damage in various inflammatory disorders, MDA levels were estimated in 83 duodenal ulcer patients and 48 controls. MDA levels were found to be significantly higher in duodenal ulcer patients as compared to controls (mean +/- SD 280.2 +/- 109.0 versus 216.5 +/- 81.4 nm/dL, p < 0.001). These increased levels of MDA may represent either the result of peroxidative damage in the disease process or a pathogenetic factor enhancing the risk for duodenal ulcer.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Hierarchical gene diversity and genetic structure of tribal populations of Andhra Pradesh, India.

Gene diversity and genetic structure of tribal populations of Andhra Pradesh, India, have been analyzed under a hierarchical model consisting of five regions of the state, tribes within the regions, and local subpopulations within the tribes. Average gene diversity has been estimated from gene frequency data for 15 polymorphic loci by using nested gene diversity analysis of GST. The intralocation coefficient of gene diversity was estimated at 96% of the total, whereas the intertribal, within--and between--regional gene diversities were found to be only 1.90, 0.95, and 1.43%, respectively. The estimate of gene diversity was higher for loci with higher degrees of polymorphism such as ABO, MN, ESD, and PTC and lower for loci with low-level polymorphism and extreme gene frequencies such as Hb, Tf, PHI, 6PGD, and Hp. The nature of selective preference or neutrality at the loci seems to be important in this respect. Tribes of the plains exhibit the least gene diversity, apparently because of higher gene flow among them. The contribution of loci with intermediate gene frequencies in intertribal and regional gene diversity was found to be higher than for loci with extreme allelic frequencies. These results suggest that the most significant component of variation is between individuals within locations and that variation between local subpopulations is negligible in the genetic structure of a population. Forces like selection, gene flow and drift also influence the diversity depending upon the nature of the locus.

Alleles↗
PubMed1989

Genetic structure of three Naikpod subpopulations of Andhra Pradesh, India.

The genetic structure of three subpopulations of the Naikpod tribe of Andhra Pradesh, India, was examined by studying three blood group, six red cell enzyme, and five protein systems and phenylthiocarbamide taste sensitivity. The gene frequency data of 15 loci are compared among the subpopulations as well as with those reported for other population groups from India. The analysis of gene diversity revealed that the gene differentiation among the subpopulations relative to total population is only 0.02, indicating that the genetic differentiation between subpopulations is very small compared with that within them. This is corroborated by the small genetic distances found among them. The effect of differentiation of microgeographical and breeding isolation on gene diversity and genetic differentiation among the three subpopulations is apparently low.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1989

Segregation frequency in microcephaly.

A total of 118 cases of microcephaly were clinically evaluated under two main groups: primary microcephaly (61 cases) and secondary microcephaly (57 cases). Secondary cases were generally characterized by convulsions, spasticity, and other congenital anomalies. Estimates of segregation frequency obtained separately in primary and secondary cases indicated that the primary consanguineous cases were most probably due to a single recessive gene. The segregation frequency was substantially less in other types, indicating much lower genetic risks in these cases.

Consanguinity↗
PubMed1987

Serum levels of IgA in peptic ulcers.

A study of the IgA levels in 43 duodenal ulcer (DU) patients and 8 gastric ulcer (GU) patients and their comparison with healthy controls reveals significantly elevated levels of IgA in DU and somewhat lower levels in GU. The levels were also associated with the genotypes of the patients for genetic markers such as ABO blood group, ABH sectetor status, haptoglobin, and alkaline phosphatase enzyme. Nutritional factors, such as vegetarianism, chili consumption, and habits such as smoking and alcoholism also showed variation in the IgA levels. These results indicate the response and role of IgA in the immunological mechanisms involving mucosal protection and autoimmunity in ulceration processes in the stomach.

Duodenal Ulcer↗
PubMed1985

AB0 blood group incompatibility and inbreeding effects: evidence for an interaction.

It is known that consanguinity reduces the chances of maternal-foetal incompatibility but it is not known whether inbreeding influences the expression of the effects of such incompatibility. This paper investigates and finds evidence for an interaction between inbreeding and AB0 blood group incompatibility on the expression of neonatal mortality, sibship precocious mortality, neonatal jaundice, asphyxia, and sex ratio, through screening of 3923 consecutive newborns. Inbreeding and incompatibility individually showed variable effects on the above parameters, but their interaction was such that, in the presence of inbreeding, incompatibility reduced the incidence/relative risk of all the above factors. Such a uniform negative interaction was presumed to be due to homozygosity of some pleiotropic genes caused by inbreeding.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1983

Association of genetic markers with some eye diseases.

In this study ocular conditions like cataract, corneal dystrophy, retinal detachment, primary glaucoma, myopia and strabismus have been examined for certain genetic markers to estimate the relative risks involved. The incidence of nontasters for PTC was significantly high in cases with congenital cataract, aphakic retinal detachment and convergent and divergent squint as compared to controls. Among nontasters, the frequency of total taste blindness was strikingly high in the disease group as compared to controls. Blood group A individuals showed significantly high risk for zonular cataract, corneal dystrophy and convergent squint; group B individuals for zonular cataract and group O individuals for nuclear cataract, myopia and convergent squint. There was a high preponderance of non-secretors in zonular cataract and primary glaucoma cases when compared to controls. The incidence of HbS (one case with primary glaucoma and the other with granular corneal dystrophy) and HbD (one case with senile cataract) were considered as chance occurrences. A strong association was found between Hp 2-2 and retinal detachments specially those with vitreous degenerations. In general, when compared to controls, the frequency of Hp 2-2 was relatively low in nuclear, zonular, cortical and senile cataracts, while it was high in rest of the diseases.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1983

Digital dermatoglyphics in some tribal populations of Andhra Pradesh, India.

An analysis of digital pattern types, ridge counts and pattern intensity index was made on samples from six tribal populations viz. Koya, Kolam, Rajgond, Chenchu, Pardhan and sugali. Bimanual, sexwise and inter-tribal comparisons were made for all the six tribes. Males in Koya, Kolam and Sugali and females in Sugali showed significant bimanual difference (chi 2 values 10.44, 10.09, 9.74 and 10.71 respectively). Sex difference was significant in Rajgond, Chenchu and Pardhan (chi 2 values 19.26, 33.46 and 24.64 respectively) for frequency of digital patterns. Inter-tribal comparisons showed Koya resembling with Kolam and Pardhan and Rajgond with Pardhan. For Total Finger Ridge Count, Kolam showed similarity with Rajgond, Pardhan and Sugali, Rajgond with Sugali and Chenchu also with Sugali. Pattern intensity index did not differ significantly among these populations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Genetic factors in cephalo facial measurements at birth as revealed by new born-parent correlations.

Father-mother and newborn-parent correlations have been obtained for twelve selected cephalofacial measurements. Newborn-parent correlations were significant for almost all the twelve measurements, indicating a strong genetic component and were of the order 30 to 60 percent of known adult correlations. Role of X-linked factors were indicated for facial and nasal measurements. Maternal factors were influencing almost all the traits. Stepwise multiple regression analysis, involving a total of fifteen independent variables, also revealed similar role of genetic factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Use of compound-probability distributions in the study of induced post-implantation dominant lethals.

The nature of the probability distribution of post-implantation dominant lethality was investigated in terms of the distribution of dead implants per female. It has been postulated that this distribution would be poisson in a control series of females but may follow a compound or a contagious distribution such as the beta binomial, negative binomial or Neyman type A in the treated series of females. The nature of these compound distributions for fitting mammalian mutagenicity has been examined. The implications of the results on the estimation of induced mutation rates are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Genetic studies on some tribes of the Telangana region, Andhra, Pradesh, India.

Phenotype distributions and gene frequencies of nine red cell enzyme systems and haemoglobin are presented for six tribal populations from the Telangana region of Andhra Pradesh. AEO, MN and Rh blood group data are presented for four of these tribes. The results have been compared with these from other Andhra Pradesh tribal Populations. The Yerukula tribe are notable for the presence of PGM7 1 at polymorphic frequency, the occurrence of a single example of PGM10 2 and the absence of Hbs.

Blood Group Antigens↗