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Biomedical subjects

J S Moore

Publications and source records attributed to J S Moore.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

The radiation inactivation of glutamate dehydrogenase.

Pulse radiolysis and 60Co gamma radiolysis were used to study the effects of ionizing radiations on the activity of glutamate dehydrogenase. Hydroxyl radicals are considerably more effective than hydrated electrons in causing loss of enzymatic activity. Evidence is also presented that the free radical anions (SCN)-.2, (Br)-.2, and (I)-.2 react with the enzyme and cause a loss of enzymatic activity. The results implicate the possible involvement of cysteine, tyrosine, and tryptophan residues in the activity of glutamate dehydrogenase.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed1979

Implication of tryptophan and tyrosine in the binding of p-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside by concanavalin A. A radiolytic study.

Equilibrium dialysis has been used to study the effects of 60Co gamma-radiolysis on the carbohydrate binding site of Con A. Reaction of eaq- and OH. with Con A is accompanied by a decrease in the number of binding sites. Modification of the binding site by (Br)2- is independent of the initial concentration of Br-. Reaction of (SCN)2- with the protein, however, is dependent on the initial SCN- concentration. The results imply that tryptophan and possibly tyrosine are probably involved in the carbohydrate binding process.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed1978

Effects of ionizing radiations on human costal cartilage and exploration of the procedures to protect the tissue from radiation damage.

The chemical changes produced following 60Co-gamma-irradiation of human costal cartilage have been monitored using "critical electrolyte concentration" (CEC) measurements utilizing Alcian Blue--magnesium chloride and Toluidine Blue--sodium chloride systems. The decrease in the CEC with radiation can be related to the decrease in hexose and hexosamine contents of the cartilage. Such changes arise as a result of degradation of the glycosaminoglycan component of the tissue. The state of the collagen fibres after irradiation has been examined using the Van Giesson stain and by biochemical assay of the hydroxyproline moeity. Energy transfer methods have been utilized to protect the glycosaminoglycan component of the cartilage from radiation damage.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Implication of protein aromatic amino acids in concanavalin A-carbohydrate interactions. A radiolytic study.

Pulse radiolysis and 60Co gamma-radiolysis have been used to study the effects of ionizing radiation on the glycogen-precipitating activity of the protein concanavalin A. Both eaq- and OH. react extremely rapidly with the protein and contribute to the observed loss of concanavalin A activity. Evidence is also presented that (Br)2-. and (SCN)2-. react with with tyrosine and tryptophan residues in concanavalin A, which is also accompanied by loss of glycogen precipitation activity.

Cobalt Radioisotopes↗
PubMed1977

Computed tomography of the head in children: experience with 1024 scans performed in an outpatient facility.

Our experience in 1,024 computed tomography examinations of the head in 954 infants and children performed in a private office is reported. Immobilization in infants was achieved using relatively large dosages of chloral hydrate (as high as 75 mg/kg) supplemented, when necessary, by I.M. Benadryl. The usual dose of chloral hydrate recommended for children is 25 mg/kg as a sedative and 50 mg/kg as a hypnotic. Satisfactory immobilization was accomplished in 350 of the 360 children under 6 years of age. Thus, routine general anesthesia was avoided. The wide spectrum of conditions demonstrated has been tabulated and selectively illustrated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Effects of 60Co gamma-irradiation on chondromucoprotein.

Pulse radiolysis and 60Co gamma-radiolysis have been used to study the effects of ionizing radiations on the protein-polysaccharide complex, chondromucoprotein. Both hydroxyl radicals and hydrated electrons readily react with the complex, with second-order rate-constants of 4-55 X 10(8)M-1s-1, respectively. Depolymerization of the carbohydrate component, which is initiated by reaction of OH, readily occurs after irradiation in aqueous solution, as is evidenced by an increase in the formation of reducing-end groups and a decrease in the viscosity of the solution. The ability of the anionic carbohydrate component to bind cationic counter-ions also decreases.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

The nonspecificity of absorption coefficients in the differentiation of solid tumors and cystic lesions.

Eleven lesions of the brain were analyzed and compared; they had absorption coefficients uniformly at the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) level following contrast enhancement, and ranged from benign to malignant and solid to cystic. Grossly solid tumors may have absorption coefficients on the CT scan equal to CSF even after contrast enhancement. Absorption coefficients are misleading as histological indicators and in diagnosis; it is impossible to separate cystic from non-cystic, benign from malignant, and neoplastic from non-neoplastic lesions by absorption coefficients alone.

Absorption↗
PubMed1976

Intracerebral venous angioma.

Intracerebral venous angioma is a rare congenital vascular malformation of the brain. Three cases are reported, all of which had strikingly similar angiographic findings in the venous phase, viz., a local network of small medullary veins which converge centrally into a single large venous channel which courses transcerebrally to reach the superficial venous system. No gross abnormalities are seen in the arterial phase with the usual techniques. However, magnification delineated enlarged arterial branches supplying the periphery of the malformation in 2 of the 3 cases. A poorly marginated homogeneous blush and early filling of the draining veins were also seen in these 2 patients. The findings in the venous phase agree with those described in previous isolated case reports and appear to be highly suggestive of this rare malformation.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Evaluation of the posterior flow study in brain scintigraphy.

To evaluate the usefulness of the posterior cerebral flow study, a prospective study was instituted. Of 32 adult patients examined for presumed posterior disease, 17 were found to have a positive posterior flow study that yielded information not available from the anterior study. Indications for posterior flow studies include posterior parietal, occipital, and posterior fossa tumors, posteriorly located arteriovenous malformations, Paget's disease involving occipital bone, posterior cerebral infarcts, and sagittal sinus occlusions. Our experience indicates that the posterior flow study is a valuable adjunct in those patients carefully screened for suspected posterior cerebral disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Monitoring health care.

Health risk determinants in obstetrics and gynecology are readily obtainable from state birth records. This study demonstrates the manner in which these determinants may be used to assess health care delivery and monitor its progress. The over-all problem is quite complex. Some parameters are interrelated, while others are not. In addition, any specific parameter may be causally related to many different antecedents, acting singly or in combination. Hence, one must take care not to generalize about deficiencies in our health care systems and thereby propose simplistic, unworkable solutions. However, the study does clearly identify certain specific areas of risk which deserve greater attention than they have hitherto received from health care officials, physicians, and responsible citizens. We believe that the approach outlined in this paper offers a means to achieve unbiased, ongoing monitoring of health care, which may, in turn, be used in attempts to improve the delivery of health services.

Abortion Applicants↗