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Biomedical subjects

J S Lewis

Publications and source records attributed to J S Lewis.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1970

Automated fluorescent treponemal antibody test: instrument and evaluation.

Two evaluations of the automated fluorescent treponemal antibody (AFTA) test for the serodiagnosis of syphilis are described. The results of AFTA and manually performed fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption (FTA-ABS) tests were compared on serum samples from clinically defined donor groups, and the reproducibility of each procedure was studied. Significant improvement of AFTA test results was obtained in the most recent study after developmental modifications of the instrument and test technique. AFTA test agreement with both syphilis and nonsyphilis categories was considered good. With the increasing usage of the FTA-ABS test as an effective tool for the diagnosis of syphilis, successful automation of this procedure is particularly timely and significant.

Absorption↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Biological effects of magnetic fields: chronic exposure of the nematode Panagrellus redivivus.

The Panagrellus redivivus bioassay, an established monitor of adverse toxic effects of different environments, has been used to study the biological effects of exposure to static and time-varying uniform and gradient magnetic fields, and to time-varying magnetic field gradients superimposed on a static uniform magnetic field of 2.35 Tesla. Temporally stationary magnetic fields have no effect on the fitness of the test animals. Time-varying magnetic fields cause some inhibition of growth and maturation in the test populations. The combination of pulsed magnetic field gradients in a static uniform magnetic field also has a small detrimental effect on the fitness of the test animals.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sex work, drug use, HIV infection, and spread of sexually transmitted infections in Moscow, Russian Federation.

Rates of HIV-1 infection are growing rapidly, and the epidemic of sexually transmitted infections is continuing at an alarming rate, in the Russian Federation. We did a cross-sectional study of sexually transmitted infections, HIV infection, and drug use in street youth at a juvenile detention facility, adults at homeless detention centres, and women and men at a remand centre in Moscow. 160 (79%) women at the remand centre were sex workers. 91 (51%) homeless women had syphilis. At least one bacterial sexually transmitted infection was present in 97 (58%) female juvenile detainees, 120 (64%) women at the remand centre, and 133 (75%) homeless women. HIV seroprevalence was high in women at the remand centre (n=7 [4%]), adolescent male detainees (5 [3%]), and homeless women (4 [2%]). In view of the interaction between sexually transmitted infections and HIV infection, these findings of high prevalence of sexually transmitted infections show that these disenfranchised populations have the potential to make a disproportionately high contribution to the explosive growth of the HIV epidemic unless interventions targeting these groups are implemented in the Russian Federation.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Protease inhibitors: a therapeutic breakthrough for the treatment of patients with human immunodeficiency virus.

As one of the largest growing classes of antiretroviral drugs, protease inhibitors are promising agents for the management of patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We reviewed the literature and compared efficacy, dosing, side effects, and drug-interaction profiles of the protease inhibitors saquinavir, ritonavir, indinavir, and nelfinavir. We addressed the use of these antiprotease agents as monotherapy versus use in combination therapy with other antiretroviral medications, and the potential for HIV to develop resistance to this drug class. We also discussed therapy with dual protease inhibitors and the use of protease inhibitors in pregnant or lactating women and in pediatric patients. Finally, we examined case reports of the addition of protease inhibitors to an antiretroviral regimen that ultimately decreases or reverses opportunistic infections.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gonococcal urethritis diagnosed from enzyme immunoassay of urine sediment.

First-catch urine specimens were obtained before clinical examination from 101 sexually active men who attended a sexually transmitted diseases clinic with a complaint of urethral discharge. Urethral swab specimens were used for preparation of smears and were then cultured on Martin-Lewis medium. Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) tests were performed on (1) uncentrifuged urine, (2) urine sediment, and (3) urine sediment diluted 1:6 with detergent buffer. Urethral cultures from 65 (64%) of the 101 men were positive for N. gonorrhoeae. EIA performed on urine sediment diluted 1:6 yielded the highest sensitivity: 98.5% (64/65). Sensitivity of EIA for uncentrifuged urine was only 66% (43/65). Specificity of all samples tested exceeded 97.2%. Overall agreement between results of EIA on diluted urine sediment and culture was 98% (99/101). Discordant culture and EIA results were unrelated to urine volume, time since prior urination, quantity of gonococcal growth on Martin-Lewis medium, duration of urine storage (less than 72 hours) before testing, or immunotype. EIA tests using urine sediment are highly sensitive and specific, and they offer an alternative means of diagnosing gonorrhea in men who refuse urethral manipulation. They also provide a means of screening men at high risk for gonorrhea who have submitted a urine specimen for other reasons.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mucus gland tumors of the larynx and laryngopharynx.

During the 30-year period from 1939 through 1968, 20 patients were seen who had "minor salivary" tumors arising in the mucus glands of the larynx or laryngopharynx. This group comprised about 3% of more than 600 patients with mucus gland tumors of the upper aerodigestive tract treated at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center during the same interval. In each instance the tumor was malignant, and all but three of these patients were men. Location and histology of these uncommon tumors is described. Only 2 of 18 treated cases were "cured." Uncontrolled cervical lymph node involvement or distant metastasis was more often the reason for treatment failure, rather than local recurrence at the primary site.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cancer of the ear.

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Combined Modality Therapy↗