[Role of viral respiratory tract infections on the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma. II. Effect on the immune system].
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
J Rozniecki
Publications and source records attributed to J Rozniecki.
[Psychogenic laryngeal dysfunction--pseudo-asthmatic syndrome].
Laryngeal dysfunction occurs as periodical narrowing or closing of the glottis which does not depend on respiratory phase. Mechanism of this disorder is unknown. It is believed that it is caused by psychological factors or disturbed neural transmission from the respiratory tract. It results in disfunction of vocal cords and presents as episodes of airways obstruction misdiagnosed as asthma attacks. Authors present five cases mostly treated as severe bronchial asthma in which disfunction of vocal cords has been diagnosed on confirmed. In most of observed patients the psychological factor connected with family conflicts were the most probably background of the illness.
Adolescent↗
[Evaluation of desmosine excretion in urine and activity of elastase in neutrophils of patients with pulmonary emphysema].
In 78 patients with pulmonary emphysema (49 smokers, 29 nonsmokers) urinary desmosine excretion (UDE) and neutrophil elastase activity (NE) were evaluated. UDE and NE were similar in smokers and nonsmokers and significantly higher than in age, sex-matched control groups. UDE correlated better with NE in nonsmokers than in smokers. Cigarette smoking did not effect UDE in patients with pulmonary emphysema. Obtained results indicate, that UDE measurement could be used in diagnosis and monitoring of lung elastolysis in pulmonary emphysema and suggest the key role of neutrophil elastase in pathogenesis of this disorder.
Adult↗
Nasal secretions in response to acetylsalicylic acid.
BACKGROUND: Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) induces rhinorrhea in a subset of patients with asthma or chronic rhinosinusitis or both and nasal polyps. The underlying mechanism of the reaction is obscure. METHODS: To assess the nasal response to ASA challenge, four groups of patients were challenged orally with ASA: group A (10 ASA-sensitive patients); group B (nine patients with nasal polyps and histories of tolerance to ASA); group C (nine ASA-tolerant patients with chronic allergic rhinitis); and group D (eight healthy nonatopic subjects). RESULTS: Nasal lavages obtained before and after ASA challenge were assayed for proteins (total protein, lactoferrin, lysozyme, albumin) and inflammatory mediators (histamine, prostaglandin D2, and leukotriene C4). ASA challenges induced severe rhinorrhea and congestion and significant increases in mean concentrations of all measured nasal proteins in group A. Histamine and prostaglandin D2 rose, but not significantly. In the two control groups with chronic rhinitis, ASA induced increases in the concentration of proteins and histamine. Leukotriene C4 concentrations were significantly elevated in nasal lavages after ASA challenge in groups A and C only. In group D no symptoms or changes in nasal proteins were observed after aspirin challenge. CONCLUSIONS: These observations suggest that production of lipoxygenase products of arachidonate may induce glandular secretions that may participate in the clinical changes associated with ASA sensitivity.
Adult↗
Neutrophil chemotactic activity (NCA) in nasal secretions from atopic and nonatopic subjects. Effect of antigen challenge.
In order to elucidate the mechanism responsible for infiltration of nasal mucosa by granulocytes, we tested neutrophil chemotactic activity (NCA) in nasal lavages, by the modified Boyden chamber method, in 16 patients with perennial allergic rhinitis (AR), six ASA-sensitive patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), and seven normal, nonatopic control subjects (NC). Nasal secretions from all three groups showed significant NCA (mean 157.1 +/- 54.0, 62.2 +/- 20.7, and 39.4 +/- 11.4% of FMLP chemotactic activity for AR, CRS, and NC subjects, respectively). Nasal secretions from patients with AR expressed significantly higher NCA (P < 0.02) than did secretions from NA patients. NCA was unchanged by heating at 56 degrees C for 60 min and was not susceptible to degradation by trypsin. Nasal challenge with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus antigen induced clinical symptoms and resulted in significant increases in total protein and albumin concentrations in nasal lavages in AR patients, but failed to change the mean NCA activity for up to 40 min after the challenge. These results indicate that nasal secretions from both atopic and nonatopic patients express NCA, but its relation to allergic inflammation remains to be established.
Adult↗
[Behavior of esterase inhibitor C1 in patients with urticaria due to aspirin hypersensitivity].
The aim of the study was to evaluate concentration and activity of C1 esterase inhibitor (C1 INH) in patients with aspirin-sensitive urticaria. Deficiency of C1 INH is the basis for hereditary angioneurotic oedema. The study was performed in 32 subjects with aspirin-sensitive urticaria. The value of C1 INH in examined patients was the same as in control group. It seems there is no coexistence of aspirin-sensitive urticaria and C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency.
Adult↗
[Chemotactic activity of serum granulocytes after aspirin in patients with aspirin-sensitive urticaria who find themselves in a state of tolerance for this drug].
The increase in neutrophil chemotactic activity (NCA) is related to degranulation of mast cells. The study included 10 patients in whom aspirin-induced urticaria was related to NCA increase. Tolerance state to ASA was achieved by administering this drug in incremental doses. In none of the examined patients after 600 mg of ASA given during induced tolerance state, the increase of NCA was observed. The authors conclude that in patients with ASA-urticaria, after ASA desensitization, mast cells degranulation does not occur.
Adult↗
[Aspirin-sensitive urticaria; a clinical study].
In the paper clinical characteristics of patients with aspirin-induced urticaria were performed. The group of 71 patients, 49 women (69%) and 22 men (31%), mean age of sensitivity symptoms demonstration--32.5 years, underwent allergological, laryngological and histamine dihydrochloride inhalatory tests. Nasal polyps were found in 2 persons (2.8%), atopic diseases in 23 persons (32.3%) and at least one feature of atopy in 37 persons (51.9%). 49 subjects (69%) suffered from urticaria which was not associated with ingestion of aspirin. In 22 patients urticaria developed solely due to aspirin. Urticaria not associated with aspirin had been presents for 2 weeks to 30 years before the onset of sensitivity to aspirin. The authors conclude that aspirin-sensitive urticaria results from concomitance of two different phenomena in one person, i.e. sensitivity to aspirin and urticaria not associated with ingestion of the drug.
Adolescent↗
[Urticaria-angioedema type of sensitivity to aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; diagnostic value of anamnesis and challenge tests with acetylsalicylic acid in detecting this sensitivity].
The aim of the paper was to estimate the value of challenge tests with acetylsalicylic acid in diagnosis of ASA-induced urticaria. The study was performed in 71 persons with suspected urticaria/angioedema type of sensitivity to ASA. The anamnesis confirmed sensitivity in 67 examined patients (94.4%) and showed that the sensitive patients usually suffered from extensive urticaria (37 persons, i.e. 55.5%) after ingestion of ASA. Eight persons (12%) reacted with loss of consciousness and 4 (6.0%) with oedema of the larynx. Oral challenge test with acetylsalicylic acid was performed in 53 examined persons, in 49 (92.4%) of which it was positive. Threshold doses of acetylsalicylic acid ranged from 40 to 300 mg. In 11 persons the test was repeated and in 8 performed three times. It was observed that both the threshold acetylsalicylic acid doses and the time of appearance of the sensitivity symptoms were changeable. All ASA-sensitive reacted to indomethacin in the similar way as to ASA. Paracetamol, on the other hand, was well tolerated by all 25 tested patients with urticaria/angioedema type of sensitivity to ASA.
Adolescent↗
The influence of bacterial antigens on HRF release in patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis.
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Adult↗
[Immunological approach to the evaluation of the activity of the tuberculous process].
The aim of the study was to determine the immunological criteria of the activity of the lung tuberculosis. Some immunological tests based on cellular and humoral immunity were assessed in 3 groups: I--patients with active, bacteriologically confirmed tuberculosis, II--individuals with inactive minimal changes in the lung, III--healthy subjects. We found that among patients with active tuberculosis cellular immunity was depressed: both percentage of T-lymphocytes and their function, usually associated with cutaneous anergy to tuberculin. But the humoral immunity was enhanced. The authors have shown that the people with inactive minimal changes in the lung take place between the patients with active tuberculosis and healthy subjects.
Adolescent↗
[Effect of loratadine--selective antagonist of histamine (H1) receptor--on allergen-induced bronchoconstriction in atopic asthmatics].
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of loratadine on allergen-induced bronchoconstriction. The study was performed in 7 asthmatic patients with sensitivity to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, 4 women and 3 men. aged from 19 to 37 years. The allergen inhalatory--challenge test was performed according to Chai et al. Early phase of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus--induced bronchoconstriction appeared in all examined patients, but late phase of bronchial obstruction was observed only in 3 persons. 30 mg orally administered of loratadine have no protect effect on early phase of allergen--induced bronchoconstriction. After loratadine ingestion the late phase of this bronchial obstruction disappeared.
Adult↗
[Effect of loratadine (LO), a selective H1 antagonist, on histamine-induced bronchoconstriction].
The influence of single and repeated LO (10 mg/day) doses on histamine-induced bronchoconstriction was studied in 11 patients with stabile bronchial asthma. Bronchial reactivity was estimated as histamine content potent to elicit a 20% FEV, fall, i.e. PC20H. A single dose gave a significant (5.5 fold) reduction in bronchial reactivity to inhaled histamine. Application of LO during 6 days gave a similar effect. Withdrawal of LO for 6 days yielded an increase in bronchial hyperreactivity.
Adult↗
[Cetirizine for treating allergic seasonal rhinitis].
In 14 persons suffering from allergic, seasonal rhinitis the efficacy of 14-days treatment of cetirizine (Zyrtec 10 mg/day) was evaluated. The study was performed in double blind randomised method. Cetirizine was significantly more effective than placebo in reducing the clinical symptoms of rhinitis near in 60% patients. The improvement of nasal mucosa state in laryngological investigation was observed in patients who were better clinically. The inhalatory challenge test with histamine in 9 patients was positive and after cetirizine treatment the bronchial hyperreactivity disappeared.
Adolescent↗
[Late effort induced asthmatic response in patients with atopic bronchial asthma after administration of cromoglycate disodium with concurrent evaluation of neutrophil chemotactic factor (NCG) in serum].
To evaluate an effect of Intal on the late post-provocation bronchospasm in 30 patients with atopic asthma (with early bronchospasm) the treatment was accompanied by the assessment of NCF activity (as a marker of mastocytes degranulation. It was shown that after therapy with Intal exerted an effect on the NCF activity not only in the early but also late bronchospasm in comparison with its activity in patients after exercise test but prior to therapy--9/22 and 6/29. The authors share an opinion tha the presence of NCF in part of patients with the late postexercise bronchospasm (treated with Intal) may indicate that its origin is different (not from mastocytes).
Asthma↗
[On the late post-provocation spasm of the bronchi].
To assess the incidence of the late reaction of the bronchi in patients with atopic asthma the following methods of the provocation with atopic asthma the following methods of the provocation were applied: a) exercise test, b) a 3-minute ventilation with cold air and c) inhalation of the distilled water Disturbances of ventilation were assessed spirographically. An emphasis was also on the activity of NCF in the blood serum following the applied provocation tests. It was found that the late bronchospasm followed the exercise test in about half of the examined patients (48%). It was less frequent after hyperventilation with cold air (33%) and inhalation of the distilled water (38%). Bronchospasm was accompanied by the increase in NCF activity in the blood serum. The late bronchospasm after provocation tests in asthmatics is a real fact, not depending on the accidental ventilation disorders.
Adult↗
[The effect of peat preparation on the release of histamine from basophils of atopic bronchial asthma].
Antigen-induced basophil histamine releasing (BHR) is an in vitro model of the immediate-type allergic reaction. We studied the influence of immunologically active peat preparation (PTT). On BHR induced with specific antigen or Con A. The highest concentration of PTT enhanced, but lower concentrations decreased antigen-induced BHR. Surprisingly, similar effect was observed with placebo, suggestions that immunologically inactive components of both preparations may be responsible for the modulatory activity.
Adult↗
[Neutrophil chemotactic activity after administration of aspirin during aspirin tolerance in patients with asthma and aspirin hypersensitivity].
The increase of neutrophil chemotactic activity (NCA) is related to degranulation of mast cells. In aspirin asthma following aspirin bronchial provocation NCA increases in 50% to 100% of the studied patients. The authors studied NCA after aspirin in patients with aspirin asthma during a state of induced tolerance. If NCA would not increase that would imply that in the state of induced tolerance degranulation of mast cells does not occur. Out of 22 subjects NCA was increased in 11. In these patients tolerance to aspirin was induced and NCA was once more studied. The authors found that in these patients after a dose of 600 mg of aspirin NCA was not increased. This could impose that in patients with aspirin asthma that developed tolerance to aspirin degranulation of mast cells does not occur.
Adult↗