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Biomedical subjects

J Rogers

Publications and source records attributed to J Rogers.

At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
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Hirschsprung's disease: diagnosis and management in children.

Hirschsprung's disease is a congenital abnormality of the bowel that results in loss of peristalsis, and is one of the main reasons why an infant may require a stoma soon after birth. Various stages of surgery may be required to resect the affected part of the bowel, including formation and closure of the stoma. Following surgery, the perception of many families is that their child is now "normal" and that all previous problems of managing their child are now resolved. However, there are a variety of postoperative complications and issues relating to bowel control which can affect the child in the long term. This article looks at how potential postoperative long-term problems can be identified early, and thus minimized, by healthcare staff being aware of possible problems, taking a proactive approach to management and advising families about the issues involved.

Child↗
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The use of groups in the rehabilitation of amputees.

There is a complex interplay between physical and emotional factors in the rahabilitative process after amputation of a limb. Although this is recognized by those working in the field of rehabilitation medicine, an overview of the literature indicates that there is comparatively little psychosocial research, education, and innovative programming. The authors have initiated such a program and have incorporated it into the routine of an inpatient amputee unit. The approach involves the utilization of basic techniques of supportive group therapy in the discussion of recurrent themes which have emerged as major concerns among amputees. Experiences amputees help new patients to anticipate potentially stressful situations, thus encouraging increased reliance. Having professionals present allows for the clarifying of medical and/or technical issues and the group setting provides a relaxes atmosphere conducive to educative discussion of physical and psychosocial concerns.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
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The effectiveness of psychosocial support during post-surgical treatment of breast cancer.

Sixty-four women undergoing radiotherapy for breast cancer in a residential setting which offered structured cognitive and emotional support, are compared for level of psychological distress and satisfaction with staff support with 104 women living at home during treatment. The outcome measures were the 30-item Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and a 5-item author-constructed Treatment Support Index. A surprisingly large percentage of the sample did not, at any time, manifest appreciable psychological distress. For those women whose level of distress changed by a GHQ score of 3 or more over the three week course of treatment, residence in the Lodge was associated with decreased risk of change for the worse, and increased probability of change for the better. Results from the Treatment Support Index indicate that a significantly greater percentage of Lodge residents than non-residents were satisfied with the quantity, quality, and/or diversity of support available to them.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
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Get moving.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Career Mobility↗
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Nocturnal enuresis should not be ignored.

Doctors often dismiss nocturnal enuresis--bedwetting--as a minor problem and suggest that the child will 'grow out of it'. Bedwetting can damage the child's self-esteem, with long-lasting consequences. Given the range of psychological and pharmacological measures available to manage nocturnal enuresis, such a conservative approach is unacceptable. These measures are outlined and discussed in this article.

Child↗
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Participant evaluation and cost of a community-based health promotion program for elders.

There is little information on how best to provide health promotion and disease prevention services to elderly persons. This paper reports participants' perceptions of the effectiveness of a health promotion program consisting of health education classes and case management services. A single-group, posttest only design was used for the county-wide program, which operated independent of participants' primary care physicians. Each person received a thorough screening evaluation, was invited to health education classes, and was assigned a case manager for a 2-year health promotion period. Community residents 64-71 years of age were recruited; 475 entered the study, and 378 (79.6 percent) completed the followup evaluation interview. Only one-third of the participants attended at least one class, but a majority of those attending each class rated it very or extremely effective in increasing knowledge. To determine the effectiveness of the case managers, each participant identified the three health problems that were of greatest concern to him or her and indicated which of these priority problems were discussed with the case manager. Discussion with the case manager was significantly associated with continuing to see a personal physician for the problem, following the physician's recommendations, the problem's being under control, and the problem's improving over the 2-year followup. The classes and case management services benefited the participants who used them. How to best deliver these services to the target group needs further study.

Aged↗
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Evaluation of tympanic membrane thermometer for use with pediatric patients.

To determine if a tympanic membrane thermometer is of benefit on a pediatric unit. Temperature readings using a tympanic membrane thermometer and an electronic thermometer were compared for 295 paired observations. The electronic temperature readings were done by rectal (n = 32), oral (n = 65), and axillary (n = 198) routes. Differences in tympanic and electronic readings were compared by paired t-tests, and the readings were also correlated. The nursing time in seconds was also compared between electronic and tympanic measurements. Parents and nurses rated their opinion of each type of measurement on a 0-5 Likert scale. Nurses rated the patient's response using the same scale. Results indicate that temperature readings differ by an average of .2- .5 degree between tympanic and electronic thermometers. Correlations are statistically significant but of low-to-moderate strength. Parents and nurses did not rate the types of instruments differently. The nurses rated the electronic axillary method as being more acceptable to toddlers. The tympanic membrane measurement took an average of 30-38 seconds less time to take. Tympanic membrane thermometry saves nursing time. Although the correlations were not strong between electronic and tympanic membrane measurements, the tympanic reading was closer to the electronic rectal reading than to axillary or oral readings.

Adolescent↗
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Target groups for screening elderly outpatients.

A low-risk target group of 475 individuals 64-71 years of age was recruited from the community and received comprehensive screening assessments. Four hundred four unknown/untreated medical conditions were detected in 74.5% of the participants, but less than 5% of these conditions would have been detected using the most conservative screening procedures recommended for this age group. A more liberal, yet still focused, clinical evaluation could detect the medical conditions noted in 5% or more of the participants. However, 43% of the 279 unknown/untreated laboratory abnormalities were noted on tests that fulfill the more liberal of the accepted screening criteria. Despite a large number of detected conditions, an unfocused, comprehensive screening assessment is not recommended for this particular target group; rather, the use of a selective screening package is supported.

Aged↗