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Biomedical subjects

J Rogers

Publications and source records attributed to J Rogers.

At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Pseudomonas aeruginosa sepsis following retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has become a routine examination in a number of medical centers within the past several years. We report a life-threatening case of acute pancreatitis with Pseudomonas aeruginosa sepsis immediately following ERCP. Cultures of the blood, the inner channel of the duodenoscope, and irrigating water bottles all were positive for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from the blood and endoscope both reacted to three common antisera: serotypes 2, 15, and 16, suggesting a common source of infection. Although it is obvious that the ERCP procedure cannot be sterile, attempts should be made to prevent transmission of nosocomial pathogens by this procedure.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

Arginine vasopressin deficient Brattleboro rats fail to develop tolerance to the hypothermic effects of ethanol.

We have tested the hypothesis that animals with reduced levels of arginine vasopressin (AVP) would show reduced tolerance to ethanol. Brattleboro rats either heterozygous or homozygous for the diabetes insipidus (DI) trait and normal Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to ethanol vapor for 21 days. Two days later, tolerance was evaluated by monitoring body temperature reductions after intraperitoneal injection of 2 g/kg (20% w/v) ethanol. Under the same conditions of chronic ethanol exposure, Sprague-Dawley rats, but not Brattleboro rats, displayed tolerance to the hypothermic effects of intraperitoneal ethanol. This phenomenon did not appear to be related to differences in ethanol metabolism or blood alcohol levels in Brattleboro rats. These data support a possible role for AVP in the development or maintenance of tolerance.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Rapid forgetting in aged rats.

The retention performance of young (3-6 months) and aged (24-26 months) Sprague-Dawley rats was evaluated on three separate experimental paradigms. The three paradigms were sequenced so that the first, spontaneous alternation, tested for retention performance of short-term memory; the second, step-down inhibitory (passive) avoidance, tested for long-term memory; while the third, a shock-motivated spatial reversal problem, tested for both short- and long-term memory. The results suggest that aged rats experience significantly more rapid forgetting in both short- and long-term memory systems.

Aging↗
PubMed1982

Blood alcohol levels in rats: non-uniform yields from intraperitoneal doses based on body weight.

1 Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 72) weighing from 125 to 450 g were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 16% (w/v) ethanol to provide 1, 2 or 3 g/kg doses. 2 Resulting blood alcohol levels (BALs) demonstrated a general inadequacy of dose/body weight (g/kg) formulations of ethanol to provide uniform BALs in animals of different weights. 3 BAL differences between heavier and lighter rats were not well accounted for by developmental changes in liver weight or alcohol dehydrogenase activity. 4 From the data, a table was derived of more appropriate ethanol injection volumes to produce 0-300 mg% BALs (20 mg% increments) in rats from 100-500 g (10 g increments).

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Predictors and correlates of adaptation to conjugal bereavement.

The authors interviewed 162 widows 1, 6, 12, and 24 months after bereavement to determine which sociodemographic, prebereavement, and response variables and circumstances of the husband's death were related to distress level, as measured by the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). The most important variable associated with high distress at 1 month was the woman's perception that she was seeing old friends less than before her husband's death. At 2 years it was possible to predict distress levels with 86% accuracy by means of a multiple regression analysis using 10 variables, including 1-month GHQ score, short final illness of the husband, and satisfaction with available help.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1982

Help for families of suicide: survivors support program.

The Survivors Support Program attempts preventive intervention with a high risk population. As with most preventive efforts in psychiatry, it is difficult to predict who will be most at risk, what services will best meet their needs, and what positive effects are due to the services. To answer these questions through properly controlled and designed experimental programs conforming to scientific methodology would require the investment of much time, personnel and money. To postpone attempts at intervention until answers are provided by such experimental programs would be to ignore the evidence of common sense and clinical experience. The Survivors Support Program demonstrates that a volunteer self-referral service, organized through professional liaison with a community organization and committed to providing service and gathering information, can suggest interim answers to the questions while providing support and counselling to a needy population.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1982

Barotrauma susceptibility in hamster lungs following elastase exposure.

The hypothesis that reduced lung compliance increases barotrauma susceptibility was tested in isolated hamster lungs. Elastase, instilled intratracheally in some hamsters from 4 h up to 8 days prior to testing, caused a patchy distribution of acute suppurative bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Airway blockage and decreased compliance were the anticipated results. For testing, anesthetized animals were ventilated with positive end-expiratory pressure prior to opening of the chest wall; this minimum pressure was maintained throughout testing. Transpulmonary pressure and lung volume changes, determined plethysmographically, were used to calculate quasi-static (C) and dynamic compliance (Cdyn) over a 2-ml tidal volume at frequencies up to 120 breaths/min. Some lungs were exposed, airway open, to a vacuum to stimulate a rapid ascent to the surface. All lungs were eventually pressurized through the trachea to determine rupture pressure (Pr). Rupture pressure exhibited an unexpected dichotomy apparently unrelated to elastase exposure. Statistically C did not differ between the elastase-treated and nontreated animals. Compliance correlated with Pr in a well-defined group (elastase-treated, nonevacuated lungs), but compliance had no value in predicting Pr for the group as a whole.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Nutritional knowledge questionnaire. Part two.

An easily administered and scored test of nutritional knowledge was published in the previous issue of the Journal (December 27, 1980). The correct answers to the questionnaire are presented here. The questionnaire has been administered to 2175 subjects. The test was shown to have high reliability and criterion validity, discriminating between educational and occupational groups. There was a significant linear relationship between nutritional knowledge score and age. It is suggested that the test may be of value in the assessment of patients requiring dietetic management.

Adolescent↗