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Biomedical subjects

J Rogers

Publications and source records attributed to J Rogers.

At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

The isolation of a clone for human alpha 1-antitrypsin and the detection of alpha 1-antitrypsin in mRNA from liver and leukocytes.

A recombinant clone containing an insert complementary to alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) mRNA has been isolated from a human adult liver cDNA library. The clone was selected by direct screening of recombinants with a synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide 17 bases in length corresponding to the known partial DNA sequence of the gene. The insert size of the clone is 250 base pairs. The DNA sequence of the clone has been determined and agrees with the published partial DNA sequence. There is one nucleotide difference from the published sequence, causing a single amino acid change at position 376 where aspartate replaces glutamate. The clone has been used to detect alpha 1-AT mRNA sequences in human liver and in a mixed leukocyte population containing monocytes and lymphocytes. A single mRNA approximately 1,400 nucleotides in length is observed in both leukocytes and liver. Leukocytes contain only 0.15% as much alpha 1-AT mRNA as liver.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The structure of the mouse immunoglobulin in gamma 3 membrane gene segment.

The genomic region containing the mouse immunoglobulin gamma 3 heavy chain membrane (M) exons has been located and sequenced. The exon structure is highly similar to that of the other mouse gamma chains, with strong sequence conservation in the coding regions and the intron 5' to the M1 exon. The intron between M1 and M2 shows moderate sequence homology but very strong conservation of size. RNA blots suggest that gamma 3 membrane exon usage is similar to that seen in other immunoglobulin membrane heavy chain mRNAs. The transmembrane region contains the invariant residues which have been noted in all other heavy chain sequences and which were previously proposed to be interactive in a two-chain model for insertion through the lymphocyte membrane. Conserved residues with similar spacing have been seen in class II histocompatibility antigens, which are also two-chain transmembrane molecules, but not in class I antigens, which span cell membranes with a single chain.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1983

Terminal degeneration in supraoptic nucleus following subfornical organ lesions: ultrastructural observations in the rat.

A projection from the subfornical organ (SFO) to the supraoptic nucleus, recently identified in light microscopic studies, was examined at the ultrastructural level following lesions in SFO. After 18-36 h, axon terminal degeneration was identified in axosomatic contacts with supraoptic neurosecretory neurons, and in axodendritic contacts within and around the supraoptic nucleus. These observations confirm a monosynaptic pathway from SFO to supraoptic neurosecretory neurons that may participate in the release of vasopressin following activation of angiotensin II receptors in SFO.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Intracellular pH and free calcium changes in single cells using quene 1 and quin 2 probes and fluorescence microscopy.

Photometric fluorescence microscopy has been used to measure intracellular pH (pHi) and free calcium concentrations [( Ca]i) in individual mouse thymocytes and 2H3 rat basophil leukaemic cells containing indicators for pH (quene 1) or calcium (quin 2). The pHi and [Ca]i measurements in individual 2H3 cells and mouse thymocytes and their responses to various stimuli were consistent with the corresponding data obtained from suspensions of these cells measured in a spectrofluorimeter. Photometric fluorescence microscopy of these indicators in individual cells provides a sensitive and fast method of following pHi and [Ca]i responses in individual cells.

Aminoquinolines↗
PubMed1983

Intracellular pH of stimulated thymocytes measured with a new fluorescent indicator.

A new fluorescent intracellular pH indicator is described ("quene 1") which is related to the tetracarboxylate Ca2+ indicator based on the quinoline fluorophor ("quin 2"). Quene 1 has excitation and emission maxima at 390 and 530 nm, respectively, and shows a 30-fold increase in fluorescence between pH 5 and 9 with a pK alpha of 7.3. The fluorescence is insensitive to Ca2+ and Mg2+ at free concentrations up to 10(-4) M and to the proportions of Na+ and K+ at total concentrations of Na+ and K+ from 100 to 200 mM. The indicator is loaded into thymocytes using the tetraacetoxymethyl ester derivative which is hydrolyzed in the cells to give the tetracarboxylate anion. Intracellular pH can be measured at intracellular quene 1 concentrations of approximately 0.1 mM and quene 1 does not perturb glycolysis or the ATP level in resting cells at concentrations up to 0.8 mM. The intracellular pH of mouse thymocytes indicated by quene 1 is 7.15 +/- 0.04 and it is insensitive to the concentration of Ca2+ or Mg2+ in the extracellular medium. The intracellular pH decreased when the pH of the medium was lowered by addition of HCl, but was insensitive to NaOH at extracellular pH values up to 8.0. Rapid transient changes in intracellular pH are induced by NH4Cl, NaCO2CH3, or HCO3-/CO2. The thymocytes showed no early changes (within 30 min) in intracellular pH in response to mitogenic concentrations of lectins or 4 beta-phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate.

Aminoquinolines↗
PubMed1983

Regulation of cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate phosphodiesterases: altered pattern in transformed myoblasts.

Rat skeletal myoblasts, L6 and L8, have two major forms of phosphodiesterases, PDE II and PDE III. Only the former is activated by treatment with proteases. When the myoblasts are exposed to cAMP for 10-16 h, the activity of PDE III increases considerably. This increase is accompanied by a loss of activatability of PDE II by proteases. Leupeptin prevents the increase in the levels of PDE III suggesting that a protease in vivo may be responsible for the formation of PDE III from PDE II. Spontaneously or Rous sarcoma virus-transformed myoblasts, however, show altered regulation of the two forms of PDE. In the presence of cAMP in the medium, unlike the nontransformed cells, the levels of PDE III do not increase but the activity of PDE II rises. Simultaneously, PDE II becomes refractory to activation by proteases. The altered mode of PDE regulation in transformed cells is dominant in hybrids between normal and transformed myoblasts, which suggests that altered regulation is due to an "acquisition" of some new property by transformed cells.

3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases↗
PubMed1983

Virus resistance in clinical practice.

The sensitivity to acyclovir of more than 800 herpes simplex virus (HSV) isolates from over 300 patients were tested by the dye-uptake method. While a broad spectrum of sensitivity was found, approximately 90% of the isolates were inhibited by less than 1 mg/l of acyclovir. Therapy usually did not significantly alter the sensitivity of HSV isolates except in a few severely immunocompromised patients in whom resistant viruses produced asymptomatic or indolent infections. The sensitivity of viruses isolated during subsequent recurrences was similar to that of the originally infecting virus, regardless of therapy. The requirement of convenient and standardized methods of virus sensitivity testing is emphasized so that additional data can be accumulated to allow more precise correlations between in-vitro virus sensitivity and clinical response to acyclovir therapy.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1983

Stress urinary incontinence: a simple and practical approach to diagnosis and treatment.

A study to evaluate the efficacy of a simple and inexpensive diagnostic and therapeutic approach to stress incontinence in 46 elderly women is described. The treatment had two aspects: estrogens, both orally and topically, and a pelvic floor exercise program. The study shows that stress incontinence and stress incontinence with urgency incontinence in non-institutionalized, ambulant elderly women can be diagnosed and successfully treated in the great majority of cases without the need for expensive and potentially hazardous diagnostic and therapeutic modalities.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Isolation and characterization of rat skeletal myoblast mutants resistant to lectins.

Mutants resistant to the lethal action of the lectins phytohemagglutinin A (PHA) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) have been made in a line of differentiating rat skeletal myoblasts. The WGA mutants are of two types, WGArII, resistant to low concentrations of the lectin, and WGArI, resistant to high concentrations of the lectin. WGArII and PHAr mutants are unable to differentiate, whereas WGArI mutants differentiate normally. WGArII mutants are not impaired in the binding of wheat germ agglutinin, but WGArI mutants bind the lectin only to the extent of about 50% of the wild-type values. All of the mutants are cross-resistant to lectins other than those used in their selection.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Heterogeneous abnormalities in the multimeric structure, antigenic properties, and plasma-platelet content of factor VIII/von Willebrand factor in subtypes of classic (type I) and variant (type IIA) von Willebrand's disease.

FVIII/VWF in plasma and platelets was studied by various methods in 16 patients with von Willebrand's disease. These methods included measurements of both VIIIR:Ag and VIIIR:RCo levels, radio-crossed immunoelectrophoresis, analysis of the dose-response curves with both fluid-phase and two-site immunoradiometric assays, and SDS-agarose-acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Studies of normal plasma and platelets by the last-named method disclosed the presence of nine to 10 clearly resolvable bands with molecular weights of approximately 1 to 10 X 10(6) and unresolved higher-molecular-weight material, consistent with the previously described multimeric structure of FVIII/VWF. The multimeric structure and antigenic reactivity of FVIII/VWF were normal in 11 patients with type I von Willebrand's disease. However, measurements of the VIIIR:Ag content in plasma and platelets disclosed the presence of three subgroups. In one (type I-1), the VIIIR:Ag content of both plasma and platelets was decreased; in type I-2, VIIIR:Ag was decreased in plasma but normal in platelets, whereas the reverse was found in two patients with type I-3. In five patients with type IIA von Willebrand's disease we observed various abnormalities in the multimeric structure and antigenic reactivity of FVIII/VWF. The distinguishing features in two patients, designated type IIA-1 and IIA-2, were a decreased amount of high-molecular-weight FVIII/VWF and an impaired antigenic reactivity in both plasma and platelets; the defects in type IIA-2 were qualitatively different and more strikingly abnormal than those in type IIA-1. In three other patients, designated type IIIA-3, a less severe deficit of high-molecular-weight FVIII/VWF in plasma was observed and, in addition, the multimeric structure of FVIII/VWF in platelets was normal. The findings in this study demonstrate that a variety of defects in the synthesis, release, antigenic reactivity, and multimerization of FVIII/VWF are probably responsible for the heterogeneous findings in patients with von Willebrand's disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

High degree of idiotypic cross-reactivity among murine monoclonal antibodies to thyroglobulin.

The idiotypy of five mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAb) generated against human thyroglobulin (Tg) and reacting with Tg from various species, including murine Tg, was investigated. Rabbit antisera made specific for the idiotype (Id) of three mAb (62, 1.15, and 9.1) were used. By competitive inhibition of homologous Id-anti-Id binding, a surprisingly high degree of Id cross-reactivity was found. The Id determinants on mAb appeared located in or close to the paratope because anti-Id could inhibit their binding to Tg in each instance. Interestingly enough, no true "private" Id could be identified. Id cross-reactivity was found between mAb generated in different fusion experiments and recognizing apparently distinct epitopes on Tg. These results suggest that the immune response to phylogenetically highly conserved epitopes on antigen of internal origin, such as Tg, is idiotypically restricted.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Penetrating orbital foreign body with intracranial involvement.

A 19-year-old man presented with a penetrating orbital foreign body. Preoperative evaluation established involvement of the middle cranial fossa and right internal carotid artery. An extensive preoperative evaluation of penetrating orbital trauma and a combined ophthalmic neurosurgical approach is recommended to ensure complete removal of the foreign material and to minimize the morbidity of the surgical extraction.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Complete amino acid sequence of a mouse mu chain: homology among heavy chain constant region domains.

The complete amino acid sequence of the mouse mu chain secreted by the MOPC 104E myeloma tumor has been determined. There are four constant region domains in the mu chain and a 20-residue COOH-terminal segment that plays a role in the polymerization of pentameric immunoglobulin M molecules. There are six sites of carbohydrate attachment in the MOPC 104E mu chain. Three complex-type and two high-mannose oligosaccharides are located in the mu chain constant region. The general type and location of carbohydrate moieties in the mu chain constant region are completely conserved between mouse and human mu chains. Homology in the location of carbohydrate structures on different classes of heavy chains is discussed.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1982

Living with cancer.

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Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1982

Pseudo-von Willebrand's disease. An intrinsic platelet defect with aggregation by unmodified human factor VIII/von Willebrand factor and enhanced adsorption of its high-molecular-weight multimers.

Four members (from four generations) of a family with a mild bleeding disorder and intermittent thrombocytopenia had decreased plasma levels of properties related to factor VIII/von Willebrand factor (FVIII/VWF), an absence of high-molecular-weight forms of FVIII/VWF in the plasma (but normal multimeric structure in the platelets), and increased ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation, as in Type IIB von Willebrand's disease. However, unlike the abnormality in FVIII/VWF in Type IIB disease, the basic defect in this family was in their platelets, which absorbed FVIII/VWF high-molecular-weight multimers at lower concentrations of ristocetin than did normal platelets. In addition, either in platelet-rich plasma or suspended in buffer, their platelets were aggregated by unmodified normal human FVIII/VWF without ristocetin. Since the abnormalities of plasma FVIII/VWF in this family may be secondary to the platelet abnormalities, the term "pseudo-von Willbrand's disease" may be suitably descriptive of their disorder.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1982

Myocardial vs serum digoxin concentrations in infants and adults.

To establish whether there is a difference between infants and adults in the relationship of serum levels of digoxin to dosage or the ratio of myocardial to serum digoxin levels, the concentrations of digoxin in right atrial appendage (RAA) and serum were measured in 12 infants and 17 adults undergoing open heart surgery. Although the daily digoxin dose per weight for the infant was significantly greater than that for adults, there was no difference in the serum digoxin levels for the two groups. We found, however, a considerable difference in myocardial digoxin levels. The RAA digoxin levels were 211.8 +/- 72.1 ng/g of wet weight in infants and 35.1 +/- 7.7 ng/g of wet weight in adults. Similarly, the RAA-serum digoxin ratio was much higher in infants (149 +/- 30) than in adults (28 +/- 5). These data indicate discrepancies between infants and adults in the pharmacokinetics of digoxin, especially with respect to myocardial uptake.

Adult↗