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Biomedical subjects

J Ritter

Publications and source records attributed to J Ritter.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources

[Influence of remission induction therapy on the further outcome of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children (author's transl)].

An analysis of 66 children with ALL treated during the last 10 years shows an increase in medium survival time from 27.1 +/- 17.8 months to so far 39.3 +/- 15.1 months after the introduction of preventive CNS therapy. In the group with preventive CNS therapy both CNS relapses and hematological relapses are markedly reduced. Furthermore, in the group with preventive CNS therapy, patients initially treated with 3 drugs obviously survive longer than patients initially treated with only 2 drugs. Thus our study shows the importance of the quality of first remission for the further outcome of a patient with leukemia.

Brain Diseases↗

An attempt at prevention of obesity in infancy.

A study of The Prudent Diet in early infancy was undertaken in a test group of 80 infants as an attempt to prevent overweight in a private practice setting. This group was compared with another group of 50 infants born in 1964 who were fed the standard infant diet then in use. Although an incidence of 34.1% overweight was present in the comparison group as compared with 25% in the diet group at age 3 months, by age 3 years the comparison still showed a 25.5% prevalence of overweight as compared with the study group with a significantly lower incidence of only 1.28%. These results require confirmation from other investigators, as well as long-term follow-up observation of patients before one could consider recommending such a diet for widespread use.

Adult↗

[Immunological aspects of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children (author's transl)].

The prognostic significance of the immunological classification of ALL in children is described. While the prognosis of patients with the most frequent O- or common-ALL (frequency 70-85%) is comparatively good, prognosis of patients with T-ALL, which is most probably identical with acid phosphatase positive ALL,and with the rare B-ALL is worse. The therapeutic implications of the immunological classification is discussed.

Acid Phosphatase↗

[Fetal maternal anti-HLA sensitization. Its relationship with the pathology of pregnancy and/or the neonate (author's transl)].

The frequency of maternal anti HLA sensitization was studied in 1401 normal and pathological pregnancies. The analysis of the obstetrical history showed in patients with sensitization, a stabilical highs indications of preceding abortion and premature labors and of actual anemies and premature labors. The signification of such, an association remains to be found.

Blood Group Incompatibility↗

[Treatment of abdominal liposarcoma in children (author's transl)].

A patient with abdominal liposarcoma is described, and the treatment of this in children extremely uncommon tumor is discussed. After complete surgical excision, local irradion with 5000-6000 rad should be considered only if no vital organs are irradiated. Because of the high tendency for local recurrence and for distant metastases of this tumor a primary polychemotherapy beginning immediately after surgical excision is proposed as in cases of other solid tumors in children for instance rhabdomyosarcoma or fibrosarcoma. 18 months after the surgical excision and after the beginning of polychemotherapy our patient is clinically well without demonstrable tumor growth.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗

[Experiences with the electrophoretic mobility test in children. A diagnostic help in pediatric oncology? (author's transl)].

Lymphocyte sensitisation to encephalitogenic factor (EF) was determined in 131 children with the electrophoretic mobility test (EM-test) to find out, whether this test may be helpful in the diagnosis of malignant disease in children. None of 34 healthy controls showed a decrease of electrophoretic mobility of more than 5%, while all 10 children with malignant solid tumors showed a slowing of more than 5%. 3 of 54 patients with non malignant disease showed a slowing of more than 5% in the EM-test. Children with malignant solid tumors during therapy and children with leukemia during different stages of the disease often showed a slowing of less than 5% in the EM-test. The possible diagnostic help of the EM-test is shown in a case history. Finally some technical remarks are made on improving this test, and further studies are suggested.

Cell Movement↗

[Problems of localization of noise damage in the cochlea - 70 years after Wittmaacks first animal experiments (author's transl)].

Wittmaack was the first, who investigated noise damage of the inner ear by animal experiments 70 years ago. This paper deals with the problem of estimating the extend of the damaged area on the basilar membrane following noise exposure by evaluating the microphonic potentials (MP) detected from the round window. With the aid of a mathematic model it is possible to predict both the decrease of the MP after noise exposure and the localization of the damaged area on Corti's organ. These predictions are examined by morphological investigations using the method of Spoendlin and Brun.

Evoked Potentials↗

[The monocyte-macrophage-system (author's transl)].

The importance of the monocyte-macrophage-system in specific and non-specific immune reactions is described. Macrophages are involved during both the afferent phase, e.g. antigen trapping, antigen processing, and the efferent phase, e.g. allograft rejection, tumour cell destruction, of the specific immune system. The monocyte-macrophage system can be activated by non-specific and - more important in vivo - by specific mechanisms via soluble factors produced by sensitized T-lymphocytes. Finally, some clinically important disorders of macrophage function are described.

Antibody Formation↗

[Study of fetal respiration by ultrasound. Correlation with gestational age and diagnosis of fetal distress].

The authors, following the work of Boddy and Robinson, studied the value of recording fetal breathing activity in the antenatal diagnosis of fetal distress. Fetal respiratory movements are detected with unidimensional echography, thanks to an electronic grille which is able to isolate a thoracic echo which is then reproduced on a rapid recorder after amplification. In normal pregnancies there is a highly significant correlation between fetal respiratory activity and the length of amenorrhoea. In a series of twelve cases with fetal distress that were recorded during labour and were defined after delivery by an Apgar score of less than or equal to 6 and an umbilical arterial pH less than or equal to 7.17, prenatal recordings showed a pathological reduction in fetal breathing movement in 9 cases. In this series only 5 cardiotocograms were shown to be abnormal.

Female↗

[Acute benign erythroblastopenia with normochromic anemia in childhood (author's transl)].

Two boys with acute benign erythroblastopenia are described. In contrast to patients with Gasser syndrome our two boys showed a severe normochromic anemia. Furthermore, no giant proerythroblasts were detectable in their bone marrow. A blockage of differentiation from hematopoietic stem cells to proerythroblasts is possibly the cause of the disease. A special therapy, besides transfusion of packed red cells if necessary, is not required.

Anemia, Aplastic↗

[Enzyme histochemical investigations of the nucleus nervi oculomotorii of Salmo irideus (Gibbons 1855) during biomorphosis. I. Transmitter enzymes].

1. The activities of the transmitter enzymes acetylcholine esterase (AChE), monoamine oxidase (MAO) and gamma-aminobutyrate transaminase (GABA-TR) were investigated in the nucleus nervi oculomotorii of Salmo irideus (Teleostei) during biomorphosis. 2. AChE as well as MAO-activity could be demonstrated already before the time of hatching, whereas GABA-TR occured from the 10th day post hatching. 3. In earliest stages the AChE activity was found in the neuronal pericarya of the nucleus n. III, but later on a strong increase occured in vestibular presynaptic terminals establishing synaptic contacts with the lateral surface of the large pericarya, especially in the medial part of the dorsal subnucleus and the ventral subnucleus. In adults the enzyme activity was localized in vestibular nerve fiber terminals exclusively due to the loss of enzyme activity in the pericarya. 4. The activity of MAO was found surrounding the neurons of the nucleus nervi oculomotorii with stronger deposits of reaction product at the medial surface that is not occupied by cholinergic terminals. 5. Besides non reacting neurons in all parts of the nucleus some cells in the transition zone between the medial and lateral area of the dorsal subnucleus, exhibited high cytoplasmatic GABA-TR activity. 6. The different ways of chemical transmission between nerve terminals and the neurons of the nucleus nervi oculomotorii are discussed.

4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase↗

Influence of different cytotoxic drugs on T and B lymphocytes in children with all during remission maintenance therapy.

The influence of four different cytotoxic drugs (MTX, CYC, 6MP, and ARA-C) on T, B, and O-lymphocytes was investigated in 20 children with ALL in complete remission during cyclic remission maintenance therapy. Each of the four drugs causes a marked reduction of the absolute number of T and B cells whereas the relative number lies within the normal range with the exception of CYC, which leads to a depression of the percentage of both T and B cells. The percentage of O cells is markedly increased by CYC and slightly increased by MTX, 6MP, and ARA-C. The data are interpreted with care since the function of the immune system and especially tumor rejection depends on the interaction between the different lymphocyte subpopulations.

Adolescent↗

[Otitis media and cochlea. Morphological and biochemical studies in guinea pigs (author's transl)].

The paper deals with: 1. the protein concentration in the perilymph (PL), the serum and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), 2. the protein pattern in the PL and 3. histological findings in the middle and inner ear in unilaterally ear-infected guinea pigs. The studies were performed 6 h to 21 days post infectionem (Fig. 1). The pathological changes in the middle ear, which, in most cases, were limited to the infected ear, were initially evaluated under the operating microscope and divided into 4 stages. The analytical and histological results were presented as functions of these stages. As the inflammation intensity increased, the protein concentration in the PL of the infected ears increased to a level exceeding that of the normal value more than ten times (Fig. 2). However, in the serum and in the CSF this concentration remained unchanged. Likewise, no significant protein increase in the PL of the contralateral ears was detectable in most cases. As the inflammation intensity increased, the number of the precipitation lines detectable immunoelectrophoretically increased in the PL of the infected ears (Fig. 3). An increase in the alpha1- and gamma-globulins and a decrease in Albumin was found by electrophoresis on cellulose acetate strips (Tab. 3). The histological findings correlated with initially established inflammatory stages of the middle ear mucous membrane (Tab. 4). As the inflammation intensity increased, the round window, too, was changed pathologically, so that in some cases of purulent otitis media middle ear secretion could enter the cochlea. The protein increase in the PL immediately after the infection is probably due to an increase in the blood vessel permeability in the inner ear.

Animals↗

[Immunological cell surface markers in infectious mononucleosis (author's transl)].

Using a direct immunofluorescence technique and a spontaneous rosette formation with sheep red blood cells it could be demonstrated that the large mononuclear cells in infectious mononucleosis consisted mainly of T-lymphocytes. It is likely that infectious mononucleosis represents a primary B-lymphcoyte infection with the Epstein-Barr virus like in the Burkitt lymphoma. In contrast to this malignant lymphoma, interaction in infectious mononucleosis leads to a secondary T-lymphocyte proliferation.

B-Lymphocytes↗

[Immunological cell markers on lymphoblasts of patients with acid phosphatase positive acute leukemia (author's transl)].

Blast cells of 4 patients with acid phosphatase positive acute leukemia were investigated for T and B lymphocyte markers. Nearly all blast cells showed a typical T cell marker, namely spontaneous rosette formation with sheep red blood cells. No surface immunoglobulin was demonstrable on these cells. 3 of these 4 patients showed an enlargement of the upper mediastinum most probably due to the thymus. The conclusion is drawn that the acid phosphatase positive acute leukemia is a T cell leukemia. Some clinical data about these 4 patients are given.

Acid Phosphatase↗