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Biomedical subjects

J Ring

Publications and source records attributed to J Ring.

At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Bullous amyloidosis.

A patient with a 12-year history of a relapsing bullous dermatosis is presented. Unusual clinical features included urticarial erythema, conspicuous mottled hyper- and depigmentation, lichenification and ichthyosiform hyperkeratosis. Serum immunoglobulin E levels were elevated. Histological examination showing deposits of amyloid in the uppermost dermis confirmed the diagnosis of bullous amyloidosis. Ultrastructurally, blister formation occurred at the level of the lamina lucida. The amyloid did not react with a panel of antibodies directed against amyloid fibril proteins. No underlying systemic disease was found. The bullous eruption responded to prednisolone therapy.

Amyloid↗
PubMed1985

Intragastral provocation under endoscopic control (IPEC) in food allergy: mast cell and histamine changes in gastric mucosa.

In fourteen patients with food allergy, intragastral provocation under endoscopical control (IPEC) was performed. In all patients positive immediate-type reactions of the gastric mucosa were observed consisting of oedema, erythema and petechial bleeding. Microscopically, mast cell degranulation was observed and measured by mast cell counts using the o-phthaldialdehyde technique. Concomitantly, tissue histamine content in gastric mucosa decreased significantly after allergen provocation, while there was no change in normal volunteers. Plasma histamine concentration increased in most patients; the increases were most evident in four patients showing mild systemic reactions (urticaria and bronchospasm). The technique described might prove to be useful in establishing the diagnosis in doubtful cases of food allergy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Indomethacin enhances in vitro histamine release induced by anti-IgE and Ca-ionophore but inhibits C5a-induced release reactions from basophils of atopics and normals.

Preincubation of peripheral leukocytes from atopics and normals significantly enhanced histamine release induced by anti-IgE and calcium ionophore. On the other hand, there was a significant inhibition (ca. 40%) of C5a-induced histamine release by indomethacin both in atopics and controls. In the group of patients with atopic eczema, anti-IgE-induced histamine release was significantly higher than in controls both without and with indomethacin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Prevention of anaphylactoid reactions after radiographic contrast media infusion by combined histamine H1- and H2-receptor antagonists: results of a prospective controlled trial.

In a prospective randomized trial, 800 patients undergoing intravenous urography were pretreated with either intravenous prednisolone (group I), the H1-antagonist clemastine (group II), a combination of clemastine and the H2-antagonist cimetidine (group III) or 0.9% saline (group IV). There was an overall incidence of 18 - 19% side reactions, when subjective and objective symptoms were regarded together. There was no significant difference between the four groups in the total incidence. The same applies when considering subjective side effects including the symptom 'heat sensation' that occurred in 10 - 12% of all patients. However, when side effects excluding the symptom 'heat sensation' were regarded and the individual groups were compared, there was a significant difference in frequency between the control group (12%) and the combined H1/H2 group (6%). Prednisolone and clemastine did not produce a significant reduction of side effects. The combined application of histamine H1- and H2-antagonists might be useful in prophylaxis of radiographic contrast media-induced adverse reactions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Altered releasability of vasoactive mediator secreting cells in atopic eczema.

A summarizing survey of different studies in atopic eczema involving three types of cells (platelets, neutrophils, basophils) and their mediators is given. Platelets were found to release normal amounts of serotonin upon stimulation with epinephrine, thrombin and slightly reduced amounts after aggregated IgG stimulation. Serotonin uptake by washed platelets was found to be slower in atopics than in normals. Neutrophils showed a decreased release of beta-glucuronidase to stimuli like zymosan or aggregated IgG in atopics compared to controls. This might be regarded as a contributory factor to the well-known decreased resistance to infections observed in atopic eczema. Basophils in most studies released increased amounts of histamine in the atopic population compared to controls, especially after stimulation with anti-IgE. Concomitantly to the histamine release there was a slight increase in prostaglandin E2 production both in atopics and normals, which was increased by preincubation with reduced glutathion-a coenzyme of PGE2 isomerase. Histamine release tended to occur faster in atopics. Two possible factors influencing releasability characteristics were studied, namely the cyclic nucleotide system and arachidonic acid (AA) dependent mechanisms. Leucocytes of atopics showed a decreased response of cAMP to beta-adrenergic and an increased response of cGMP to cholinergic stimulation. Significant augmentation of anti-IgE-induced histamine release was observed after cholinergic stimulation. AA metabolites obviously play a regulating role in mediator release. PGE2 inhibited histamine release to various stimuli both in atopics and in normals. Indomethacin enhanced histamine release, especially after anti-IgE stimulation in atopics, while it inhibited complement-dependent release reactions both in atopics and in normals. The exogenous inhibitors of lipoxygenase eicosatetraynoic acid (ETYA) and nordihydroguaretic acid (NDGA) inhibited histamine release equally in atopics and normals. The endogenous lipoxygenase inhibitor 15-HETE showed no inhibitory but rather a slight enhancing effect upon histamine release. It is concluded that patients with atopic eczema often exhibit altered releasability patterns to a variety of stimuli. On the basis of our findings we describe "altered releasability" as one factor of a vicious cycle between increased IgE-production, mediator secretion and T cell regulatory disturbances in the pathogenesis of atopic eczema.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Anaphylactoid reactions to plasma substitutes.

Anaphylactoid reactions have been reported in association with all of the currently available plasma substitutes. The clinical picture ranges from skin reactions only to severe and life-threatening complications, which can be conveniently classified into four grades of severity. The pathomechanism of these anaphylactoid reactions varies for the different colloids. Anti-dextran antibodies (most likely IgG) seem to be responsible for severe DIAR representing an immune complex anaphylaxis. IgE has not been implicated in reactions of this type. Skin tests seem to be of limited value in the diagnosis of dextran reactions and should be performed with great caution. Administration of a specific hapten (low-molecular-weight dextran) prior to dextran infusion reduces the frequency of DIAR in animals and humans. The principal mediator of anaphylactoid reactions due to gelatin infusion is histamine, and this has been established for urea-linked gelatin. It is likely that the diisocyanate present in some polygeline batches is the histamine-releasing substance. Better purification of polygeline and pretreatment with histamine H1-receptor and H2-receptor antagonists have both substantially reduced the frequency of clinical reactions. Changes in plasma complement levels have been observed in patients with anaphylactoid reactions to HES. Antibodies against HES have been detected in humans, but no correlation has been found between the titer of antibodies and anaphylactoid reactions to HES. A further problem with repeated HES infusions is its potentially irreversible storage. Anaphylactoid reactions to colloids should be treated according to the grade of severity. Epinephrine should only be given in severe (grades III and IV) reactions. The early application of glucocorticosteroids (500-1,000 mg of prednisolone equivalent) also may be helpful.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1985

[Skin testing with the components of analgesics in patients with anaphylactoid hypersensitivity reactions to mild analgesics].

In 282 patients presenting with adverse reactions to mild analgesics, prick tests were performed with components of analgesic drugs; in some of them, commercial preparations were also tested. In 19 patients (7%), a total of 40 conclusively positive immediate reactions was found: there were 22 reactions to pyrazolone derivatives, 14 reactions to commercial preparations, and one singular reaction to phenacetin, phenobarbital, carbromal and vitamin B1, respectively. Cross-sensitivity to different pyrazolone derivatives was observed in only 5 of 15 patients with a positive reaction to at least one of these substances. One of the patients with a positive immediate reaction and 2 further individuals developed positive test reactions after 4 to 24 h. Within 117 patients who gave a clear-cut history of anaphylactoid reactions to mild analgesics, there were conclusive immediate prick test results in 15 cases (13%). In these patients, the diagnostic relevance of the prick test increased with the severity of symptoms in the history, and a conclusive immediate reaction was obtained in 25% of those with full shock in the history.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[1st description of an "atopic family anamnesis" in the Julio-Claudian imperial house: Augustus, Claudius, Britannicus].

On the basis of various literature sources--mainly Suetonius, Plinius the Younger--typical symptoms of atopic diseases are described in some members of the Julio-Claudian family. Emperor Augustus could have suffered from bronchial asthma, seasonal rhinitis and atopic eczema, while Emperor Claudius showed signs of perennial rhinoconjunctivitis and Britannicus of horse dander allergy. Based on present-day standards, this can be regarded as a typical positive family history of atopy.

Famous Persons↗
PubMed1984

[Food allergy and other adverse reactions caused by food].

Adverse reactions to foods are not infrequent. They may be mediated by immunological mechanisms (food allergy) or non-immunologically (idiosyncrasy, pseudo-allergy, intolerance). Furthermore toxic effects of foods have to be clearly distinguished from food allergy as well as poorly defined conditions such as hyperkinesis or "tension-fatigue syndrome", the causal relation of which to foods is not well established. The diagnosis of food allergy includes convincing history, positive provocation and demonstration of immunological sensitization (mostly IgE, however other types of immune reactions may also be of importance. In the treatment of food allergy specific elimination diets as well as pharmacotherapy with the use of mast cell blocking agents are recommended. In single cases oral hyposensitization may be tried.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1984

17 alpha-Propylmesterolone (SH 434): an antiandrogenic sebosuppressive substance not influencing circulating testosterone concentrations. Experimental studies in Syrian hamsters.

17 alpha-Propylmesterolone is a new synthetic 5 alpha-reduced steroid with a propyl group in C-17 position and a methyl group in the A ring. The antiandrogenic action of 17 alpha-propylmesterolone on the sebaceous glands, testes weights and plasma testosterone concentrations were examined in the animal model of the Syrian hamster. The substance was given systemically (3, 5 or 10 mg/kg) and topically (3 or 5 mg/kg). 17 alpha-propylmesterolone reduced both sebaceous gland size and sebogenesis significantly in a dose-dependent manner. The topical administration was more effective than the systemic treatment. There was no influence of 17 alpha-propylmesterolone on testosterone concentration in plasma or testes weights although a diminished capacity or absence of free cytoplasmatic androgen receptor sites was detected in the sebaceous glands of the systematically or topically treated Syrian hamster. 17 alpha-Propylmesterolone exerts a potent topical sebosuppressive effect in the animal model. These findings should give rise to human studies and clinical trials.

Androgen Antagonists↗
PubMed1984

Suppression of immediate and late anti-IgE-induced skin reactions by topically applied alcohol/onion extract.

In a double blind study, alcohol/onion extract (5% ethanol) was injected simultaneously with 20 IU and 200 IU rabbit anti-human-IgE intradermally in 12 adult volunteers (6 atopics, 6 non-atopics). Diameters of wheals and flares were measured 10 min after and compared with control sites challenged with 20 IU and 200 IU anti-IgE in a 5% ethanol solution. The skin sites were then treated epidermally with 45% alcohol/onion extract and 45% ethanol under occlusion. Diameters of late cutaneous reactions were measured hourly. Oedema formation was clinically estimated according to an arbitrary scale and skin thickness measured with a calliper. In the onion-treated skin sites the wheal areas were significantly reduced (20 IU: control: 108 +/- 53 mm2; onion 69 +/- 42 mm2, P less than 0.05; 200 IU anti-IgE: control: 152 +/- 25 mm2, onion: 138 +/- 26 mm2, P less than 0.02). The oedema formation during the late phase skin reaction was markedly depressed (P less than 0.005 at 2 h, P less than 0.01 at 4 and 6 h, P less than 0.02 at 8 h). The extent of late skin reactions was slightly, but not significantly reduced. Obviously, onions contain pharmacologically active substances with anti-inflammatory and/or allergic properties.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1984

Comparison of methods for the macroscopic assessment of epicutaneous allergic contact reactions in guinea pigs.

40 guinea pigs were sensitised with a 50% solution of 2,4-dinitro-1-chlorobenzene (DNCB) and challenged 14 days later with DNCB 0.05%. Four parameters were determined to evaluate the challenge reaction after 24, 48, 72 and 96 h: (a) intensity of erythema, (b) reaction area (product of the largest diameters of the reaction in vertical alignment), (c) increase in skinfold thickness and (d) reaction volume (product of the reaction area and the increase in skinfold thickness). The test reactions were read blind by 2 independent observers, yielding small but significant differences in all methods except determination of the reaction area. Further statistical analysis revealed a linear correlation between the intensity of erythema and the other 3 parameters determined, as well as between the reaction area and the reaction volume. In contrast, the increase in skinfold thickness did not correlate linearly either with the reaction area or the reaction volume. When the results of the 24- and 48-h readings were compared, the characteristic crescendo reaction of contact allergy was demonstrable by all methods except the determination of the reaction area. After the 48-h reading, a continuous decrease of reactions was found with all methods. It is concluded that the determination of the reaction area and consequently of the reaction volume are not suitable for exact measurement of epicutaneous allergic contact reactions in guinea pigs. The most precise results will be obtained by measuring the increase in skinfold thickness, whereas the determination of the intensity of erythema, which is easier to perform, may be sufficient for many purposes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Effect of 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) on anti-immunoglobulin E- and calcium ionophore-induced histamine release from human leukocytes. Comparison with the effects of eicosatetraynoic acid and nordihydroguaiaretic acid.

15-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) was prepared by soybean lipoxygenase-mediated oxygenation of arachidonic acid to 15-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) and subsequent reduction by NaBH4. 15-HETE was identified, purified and proved as biologically active by thin layer chromatography, high pressure liquid chromatography, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and biological experiments on horse thrombocytes and rabbit peritoneal leukocytes. 15-HETE (0.1-40 microM) was added to peripheral leukocytes of 48 human donors (33 atopics, 15 nonatopics) which were challenged with rabbit anti-human-IgE or calcium ionophore A 23187. Its effect was compared with the effects of nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) and eicosatetraynoic acid (ETYA). NDGA and ETYA markedly inhibited histamine release (17 microM: 74 +/- 11 and 39 +/- 14,3%, respectively), whereas 15-HETE neither stimulated nor inhibited spontaneous anti-IgE- or calcium ionophore A 23187-induced histamine release.

5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraynoic Acid↗
PubMed1984

In vitro studies involving histamine and lysosomal enzyme release from human peripheral leukocytes with different human serum albumin (HSA) preparations.

Various batches of differently prepared human serum albumin (HSA) were tested for their capacity to induce in vitro release of histamine or lysosomal enzymes from peripheral human leucocytes. While there was little effect of most of the native preparations tested, some batches showed significant release of histamine or lysosomal enzymes after heating to 70 degrees C. HSA preparations produced by heat ethanol fractionation never induced significant release reactions. It is concluded that the mode of production and the selection of stabilizing agents might influence reactions of HSA with mediator-secreting cells.

Glucuronidase↗
PubMed1984

[Granuloma formation following intracutaneous administration of procaine-polyvinylpyrrolidone].

After intracutaneous application (dermojet) of procaine polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) because of backpain in a 60-year-old woman, multiple brownish-red nodules developed at the injection site within a few days. The histology showed signs of a sarcoid granuloma. There was no clinical evidence for sarcoidosis in this patient. An allergic reaction of the granulomatous type is suspected.

Back Pain↗