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Biomedical subjects

J Ring

Publications and source records attributed to J Ring.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Epicutaneous testing with a standard series. Results in 12,026 patients].

From 1977 to 1983, 12,026 patients were given patch tests with a standard series of substances. A total of 4,494 (37.4%) had positive patch-test reactions to one or more allergens; the average number of positive reactions was 1.85. The most frequent reactions were due to nickel sulphate (positive reactions in 9.2% of those tested), fragrance mix (8.9%), balsam of Peru (6.3%), cobalt chloride (4.7%), potassium dichromate (4.3%) and wool alcohols (4.3%). Women showed significantly more positive reactions than men to nickel sulphate, cobalt chloride, wool alcohols, and parabens and significantly fewer positive reactions than men to potassium dichromate, PPD mix, and epoxy resin. Younger patients showed significant more positive reactions to nickel sulphate and cobalt chloride; middle-aged patients reacted more to potassium dichromate, paraphenylendiamine, formaldehyde and thiuram mix; elderly patients reacted to balsam of Peru, wool alcohols, caine mix, neomycin sulfate, benzocaine, colophony, clioquinol, mafenide, parabens, and gentamycin sulfate.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Allergic vasculitis caused by food allergy].

In two patients with leukocytoclastic vasculitis allergic reactions to foods were shown to be of clinical relevance. Intracutaneous tests with food allergens produced not only immediate wheal and flare reactions but also distinct inflammatory reactions after 8-24 h, which showed the histological and immunopathological characteristics of leukocytoclastic vasculitis. After controlled oral provocation with specific foods exacerbation of petechial lesions was observed. A striking improvement in the patients' condition was achieved by avoidance of the relevant foods and oral administration of cromoglycate.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Serological and immunological diagnosis of HIV-1 infection. Studies of 198 infected cases].

Since 1985, a total of 4281 patients at the Department of Dermatology, University of Munich, were tested for HIV-1 antibodies. Using the ELISA test, 273 were found to be positive, of whom 198 were examined clinically. At the time of the first serological test, 76 of these 198 patients (38.4%) had no clinical symptoms, 98 (49.5%) had a lymphadenopathy syndrome, and 29 had the full-blown picture of AIDS (12.1%). The following additional tests were performed on the 198 patients: antibodies against virus envelope and core proteins, concentration of serum immunoglobulins G, A and M and beta 2-microglobulin, absolute leukocyte and lymphocyte counts, T4/T8 ratio, and intracutaneous cellular immune reaction. Antibodies against virus envelope proteins were present in all the patients. Antibodies against virus core proteins were present in 82% of patients in the latent stage, 64% of patients with the lymphadenopathy syndrome, but only 45% of those with AIDS. Clearcut deviations within the three groups were also present with respect to serum levels of IgG and beta 2-microglobulins, as well as the T4/T8 ratio and the intracutaneous reaction against recall-antigens.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1987

[Pseudo-allergic drug reactions: pathophysiology and diagnosis].

The symptomatology of allergic diseases may be imitated by non-immunological, so-called "pseudo-allergic" reactions. Phenocopies of any type of allergic reaction may occur. Pseudo-allergic drug reactions may be caused by the active components as well as by additives. Anaphylactoid pseudo-allergic reactions are of special clinical interest. Their pathomechanism has not been conclusively elucidated yet. Based on clinical and experimental data, we discuss some hypothetic mechanisms of a few compounds, always keeping in mind the possibility of allergic mechanisms not yet identified. For the diagnosis of pseudo-allergic drug reactions we need provocation tests, as skin tests are not possible, and routine in-vitro assays are not available.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1987

[Allergy to local anesthetics].

Patch testing with the local anaesthetics benzocaine and caine mix frequently yields positive reactions. Their relevance with regard to local anaesthesia is not clear. We therefore performed prick and intracutaneous tests with a battery of local anaesthetics in a group on 104 patients with known contact allergic reactions to these substances. Prick testing always yielded negative results. Intracutaneous testing showed also only rare positive immediate and delayed hypersensitivity reactions. In addition, a clear correlation was seen between the sensitizing potential and chemical structure of the local anaesthetics. Substances with amide structure never showed, with the exception of butanilicaine, any positive reaction in contrast to procaine exhibiting an ester structure. From our results, it can be concluded that contact allergic patients can be subjected to injection local anaesthesia without a significant risk of allergic reaction. In addition, the results show the importance of the route of administration for the manifestation of an allergic reaction.

Anesthetics, Local↗
PubMed1987

[Rush hyposensitization with Hymenoptera venoms. Tolerance and results of therapy].

During 290 courses of rush hyposensitization with bee or wasp venoms performed on an in-patient basis there were systemic anaphylactic side effects in 38% before the maintenance dose of 100 micrograms was reached. These reactions were usually mild, occurred mostly at higher venom doses (threshold doses greater than or equal to 1 microgram in about 75%) and were more frequent (P less than 0.05) in patients with a history of a full shock due to stings than in individuals with milder symptoms. Furthermore, systemic anaphylactic side effects occurred more often (P less than 0.01) in bee venom allergic patients with a greater sensitivity in the prick test (threshold less than 10 micrograms/ml) than in those being less reactive; no such dependence was found in wasp venom allergy. RAST results were not correlated to the occurrence of systemic anaphylactic side effects. Evaluation of the therapeutic effect was performed by 163 sting challenge tests, which caused only local sting reactions in 80%. Compared to prior stings improvement of symptoms was achieved in 95% of 157 patients with a history of systemic reactions. Individuals with more severe challenge reactions were older (P less than 0.05) than those with merely generalized skin symptoms. Furthermore, there was a correlation between the occurrence of systemic challenge reactions and systemic anaphylactic side effects during rush hyposensitization as well as between a history of more severe sting reactions and symptoms exceeding generalized skin symptoms at challenge. Thus, hyposensitization with hymenoptera venoms induces partial or complete protection in a high percentage of patients. The course of rush hyposensitization as well as the therapeutic effect depend to some degree on the original intensity of hypersensitivity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Expression of Fc epsilon receptors on activated human T lymphocytes.

Our results clearly demonstrate that the low-affinity receptor for IgE (Fc epsilon R) is an activation antigen transiently expressed on a subpopulation of human T lymphocytes. It can be selectively induced by stimulation with certain antigens or lectins, but it is not found on resting T cells. The increased numbers of activated Fc epsilon R+ T cells observed after stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from bee venom allergic patients with the specific allergen phospholipase A2 (PLA2) suggest that Fc epsilon R+ T cells might very well be involved in the regulation of the human IgE response against the respective antigen. These results were obtained by the use of two monoclonal antibodies, M-L25 and M-L47, which were raised against the human low-affinity Fc epsilon R in our laboratory. After stimulation of PBMC with phytohemagglutinin a peak of 7.6 +/- 6% Fc epsilon R+ T cells was observed on day 3, with pokeweed mitogen of 0.8 +/- 0.8% on days 2 and 3, and with concanavalin A of 0.6 +/- 0.7% Fc epsilon R+ T cells on day 2. Stimulation of PBMC with tetanus toxoid (TT) induced Fc epsilon R on maximally 0.6 +/- 0.8% of the total T cells (day 4), stimulation with purified protein derivative from tuberculin (PPD) on 0.2 +/- 0.6% of the T cells (day 2). In contrast to these antigens, stimulation of PBMC from bee venom allergic patients with PLA2 induced as a peak 2.5 +/- 2.5% of the total T cells to express Fc epsilon R (day 5), although the stimulated T cell population was much smaller than with TT or PPD, as was shown by their stimulation indices. The allergen-stimulated Fc epsilon R+ T cells were exclusively T4+. The Fc epsilon R-expression index was determined, which for a specific antigen or lectin correlates the percentage of Fc epsilon R+ T cells to the stimulated T cell population, respectively.

Allergens↗
PubMed1987

Comparison of histamine release and prostaglandin E2 production of human basophils in atopic and normal individuals.

The influence of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism upon histamine release (HR) from human basophils after stimulation with anti-IgE was studied in 23 atopic and 11 normal individuals. HR occurred significantly faster in atopics than in normals; the total amount of HR after a 40 min incubation period was not significantly different between the two groups. Indomethacin and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) increased the quantity of HR significantly both in atopics and normals without influencing the time course. Addition of exogenous PGE2 decreased HR; here atopics were more affected than normals 5 and 10 min after challenge with anti-IgE. Production of PGE2 after stimulation with anti-IgE was very low in both groups (in the range of 30-50 pg/10(6) cells) and often below detection limit (10-20 pg/ml). Addition of glutathione (GSH), a coenzyme of PGE2-isomerase, increased PGE2 production 2 to 5-fold during stimulation with anti-IgE. These data support the idea that arachidonic acid metabolites play an important role in modulating the "releasability" of human basophils. It is suggested that the basophils of atopic individuals may release their histamine faster than normals - perhaps on the basis of a more slowly acting endogenous feedback mechanism by PGE2. Both phenomena support the idea of an altered "releasability" of basophils from atopics compared to normals.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Fc fragments of human IgG may influence allergic reactions.

The antiallergic effect of Fc fragments prepared from human polyclonal IgG was investigated in several experimental models. In an in vitro assay, isolated ileum of cynomolgus monkeys was sensitized with serum from atopic patients. In six of fifteen monkeys the subsequent addition of specific allergens reproducibly resulted in an ileum contraction measured in the Schultz-Dale apparatus. In all six positive monkeys pre-treatment of the isolated ileum with Fc (papain) before sensitization inhibited ileum contraction. Fc (plasmin) or Fc (pepsin) was less or not effective, aggregated IgG, monomeric IgG, sulfonated IgG, the Fc-free F(ab')2 moiety, or albumin had no significant or no reproducible inhibitory effect. In an in vivo assay passive cutaneous anaphylaxis was studied in 28 cynomolgus monkeys. Different dilutions in PBS of the particular specific allergens were subsequently administered to sensitized skin sites, simultaneously to i.v. injection of Evans blue. The degree of the local allergic (passive cutaneous anaphylactia) reaction was evaluated by measuring the diameter of the blue area at the dermal injection sites. About 50% of sera induced positive reaction in monkeys. Compared to the control (application of PBS), the degree of the positive reactions could be reduced by about 50% if Fc (papain) (optimal dose 25 mg/kg body weight) was injected i.v. either 2 h before or after local sensitization. No significant inhibitory effect could be found with the Fab moiety of IgG. Follow-up studies showed that the inhibitory effect of Fc lasted for about 10 days. The pharmacological basis of the observed antiallergic action of Fc is not yet understood.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Allergy to local anesthetics: comparison of patch test with prick and intradermal test results.

The interrelation between immediate and delayed hypersensitivity reactions to local anesthetics is poorly understood. Especially, the relevance of positive patch test reactions to local anesthetics with regard to the compatibility of injected local anesthetics is unclear. We therefore subjected 104 patch test-positive probands to prick and intradermal tests with seven local anesthetic agents. All prick tests were negative. Only 14 patients showed positive reactions in intradermal tests: 11 with the ester local anesthetic procaine, one with the amide local anesthetic butanilicaine, and two with both. Procaine yielded both immediate and delayed reactions; butanilicaine, only immediate reactions. All other local anesthetics showed negative reactions. It is concluded that in patients with positive patch test reactions to local anesthetics and negative history of anaphylactoid reactions, positive skin test reactions to intradermal application are rare and that, therefore, the risk of anaphylactic reactions to injection anesthesia with amide local anesthetics, except butanilicaine, appears low in these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Fallout sheltering: is it feasible?

The feasibility of sheltering the U.S. population from fallout resulting from a large-scale nuclear attack is assessed using a mathematical model. The model is used to calculate the reduction in cumulative dose received by a sheltered survivor, as a function of five adjustable parameters. Three time periods are postulated: time in the shelter, a transition period during which time out of the shelter increases and a final period in which half the time is spent outside the shelter. The parameters are varied independently, and the resulting dose reduction factor is compared with what seems to be necessary for survival in different regions of the country under the postulated attack. Another model developed by K.S. Gant and C.V. Chester is compared with this one. Similarities and differences are pointed out, and where possible the results of the two are checked for compatibility. An important question addressed in this paper is whether under the conditions of a large-scale nuclear attack sheltering a relatively unprepared population is at all feasible. Sensitivity tests of the various parameters in our model show that relatively low protection factor areas such as basements or inner rooms already existing in homes or other buildings could quite adequately serve as shelters for most of the area of the contiguous United States. Furthermore, continuous stays in these shelters of more than three weeks do not seem to be necessary for these large parts of the United States.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs induce UV-dependent histamine and leukotriene release from peripheral human leukocytes.

The effect of UV-A radiation on the in vitro release of vasoactive mediators from human peripheral leukocytes incubated with different nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) was studied in the newly developed photo basophil histamine release test (PBHRT). Washed peripheral leukocytes were incubated with 10(-6) to 10(-3) M of various NSAIDs and exposed to 1-100 J/cm2 UV-A. Maximum histamine release was 4% with acetylsalicylic acid, 10% with benoxaprofen, 20% with thiophene, 28% with diclofenac, 39% with tiaprofenic acid, 40% with carprofen, 55% with ketoprofen and not demonstrable with indoprofen. Maximal reactions occurred at UV-A doses of 25 or 50 J/cm2. Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) generation in the supernatants of cells treated with UV-A or NSAID alone was below or close to the detection limit (145 pg/ml). On the contrary, UV-A irradiation of cells incubated with NSAID led to marked LTB4 generation (up to 1,000 pg/ml). The results indicate that many NSAIDs can induce photosensitization in vitro, the PBHRT being a promising new method for identification of possibly phototoxic compounds. Release of vasoactive mediators like histamine or leukotrienes may be involved in the in vivo development of phototoxic or photoallergic side reactions.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
PubMed1987

Phototoxicity of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs demonstrated in vitro by a photo-basophil-histamine-release test.

The phototoxic activity of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) acetylsalicylic acid, benoxaprofen, carprofen, diclofenac, indoprofen, ketoprofen, tiaprofenic acid, and of thiophene, a heterocyclic ring structure of the tiaprofenic acid molecule, was evaluated in vitro by a newly developed photo-basophil-histamine-release test (PBHRT) performed with human leukocytes. Cell suspensions incubated with 10(-6) to 10(-3) M of the test compounds were exposed to 1 to 100 J/cm2 UVA. Maximum photo-basophil-histamine-release was 4% with acetylsalicylic acid, 10% with benoxaprofen, 20% with thiophene, 28% with diclofenac, 39% with tiaprofenic acid, 40% with carprofen, 55% with ketoprofen, and not demonstrable with indoprofen. These results indicate that many NSAID can exert phototoxic effects, thus confirming clinical observations as well as other in vitro experiments. The PBHRT seems to be a promising new method for the identification of phototoxic compounds.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
PubMed1987

[Clarifying the pathophysiologic mechanism of food allergy].

Various lymphocyte populations, dendritic cells and macrophages contribute to the intake of antigen. The transportation of antigen in the intestinal wall is possible with the help of receptive endocytosis, including extracellular protein in fluid droplets, bacterial and vegetable toxins, as well as certain viruses, which seem to be able to penetrate the cell membrane and enter directly into the cell. Own investigations: After endoscope controlled allergy-irritation of the gastro-intestinal tract, 20 people used in the clinical test showed acute signs of mucosal reaction with inflammation and swelling of the mucous membrane as well as haemorrhagic lesions. A histamine release from the mastcell was proved.

Antigens↗
PubMed1987

Enhanced releasability of prostaglandin E2 and leukotrienes B4 and C4 from leukocytes of patients with atopic eczema.

The releasability of arachidonic acid-derived inflammatory mediators (eicosanoids) from peripheral blood leukocytes has been tested in patients with atopic eczema and healthy, non-atopic controls. Spontaneous and stimulated release of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and leukotriene C4 (LTC4) has been measured after challenge of cells with various concentrations of anti-IgE, Ca-ionophore A23187 and C5a. The maximal stimulation of cells with Ca-ionophore resulted in the generation of high amounts of all eicosanoids, which was essentially equal in both atopic and control groups. On the other hand, enhanced spontaneous and stimulated eicosanoid release was noted after immunological challenge using C5a and anti-IgE in the atopic eczema group. Thus, our data support the hypothesis of enhanced releasability of inflammatory mediators in atopic eczema.

Adolescent↗