Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to J Reynes.
Membranous laryngotracheobronchitis is a very serious infection which affects the larynx, trachea and bronchi, requiring aggressive therapeutic measures. It has been recently rediscovered as a cause of disease in children. However, it is a very unusual complication of measles. Two infants with measles and membranous laryngotracheobronchitis are reported.
A 48.5% of premunition in 421 pregnant women living in the Western part of Cameroon is observed with an anti-Toxoplasma gondii indirect immunofluorescence test. Considering the age, this study emphasizes the risk of contamination in genital activity period.
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Between 1986 and 1993 visceral leishmaniasis (VL) was diagnosed in 50 adult patients with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection (8 females, 42 males: 31 intravenous drug users, 11 homosexual or bisexual men, 6 heterosexual individuals, 2 blood recipients) from 5 hospital centres in southern France. Diagnosis of VL was by demonstration of Leishmania and isolation of promastigotes by culture in Novy-McNeal-Nicolle medium. Leishmania isolates were identified by their isoenzyme profile in 28 patients. All the patients were immunocompromised when VL was diagnosed. Their median CD4 cell count was 25 x 10(6) (0-200). However, only 21 patients (42%) fulfilled the 1987 CDC criteria for the acquired immune deficiency syndrome before VL developed. Fever (84%), splenomegaly (56%), hepatomegaly (34%), and pancytopenia (62%) were the most common presenting features. Clinical signs were lacking in 10% of patients. Anti-leishmanial antibodies were detected by indirect immunofluorescence or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 26/47 cases (55%). Combining these techniques with Western blotting (WB) gave a positivity rate of 95%. Amastigotes were demonstrated in bone marrow aspirates in 47 cases (94%). Unusual sites for parasites were found in 17 patients (34%), mainly in the digestive tract but also skin and lung. Viscerotropic L. infantum zymodeme MON-1 was characterized in 86% of cases. Dermotropic zymodemes MON-24, MON-29, MON-33, and a previously undescribed zymodeme MON-183, were isolated from 4 patients. The response rate to pentavalent antimony was 50% and to amphotericin B 100%, but clinical relapses were noted in both groups. In endemic areas, VL should be considered as a possible opportunistic infection in HIV-infected patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
We describe the predictors of change in physical activity in a population-derived sample of residents of two New England communities. In 1986-1987 and again in 1990-1991, we assessed the self-reported physical activity of 1,081 survey respondents using a single question concerning the frequency of exercise-induced sweating. We measured and analyzed sociodemographic variables, cardiovascular disease risk factors, health knowledge and beliefs, social support variables, and exercise performance variables at baseline as potential predictors of physical activity change. We defined physical activity change in subjects as follows: maintainers (12.2%) persisted with > or = 3 times per week of activity, adopters (16.0%) increased activity to > or = 3 times per week, quitters (11.9%) decreased activity to < 3 times per week, and sedentary (59.9%) individuals persisted with < 3 times per week of activity. Using polychotomous multiple logistic regression analysis, we found that short-term success with exercise and weight loss, school children's recommendation of exercise, and work outside the home predicted adoption or maintenance of increased physical activity in women. For men, short-term success with exercise and weight loss and health beliefs regarding the role of exercise in preventing heart attacks and stroke were the major determinants of maintaining or adopting increased physical activity. This identification of the predictors of physical activity change provides the rationale for future sex-specific strategies aimed at increasing regular physical activity and long-term adherence to an active lifestyle.