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Biomedical subjects

J Reynes

Publications and source records attributed to J Reynes.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Activity of fluconazole against Candida albicans isolates from HIV+ patients in a digestive candidosis turkey model.

Fluconazole activity against four strains of Candida albicans (three isolates from AIDS patients and one azole-resistant isolate, NCPF 3363) was studied in a turkey crop infection model. Isolate NCPF 3363 showed confirmed azole resistance in vitro and in vivo. Two isolates from AIDS patients were susceptible to fluconazole in vitro and in vivo. The third isolate was resistant to fluconazole in vitro (MIC = 100 micrograms ml-1), insensitive to 2.5 mg kg-1 but sensitive in vivo to a 5 mg kg-1 daily dose.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1992

[Treatment and secondary prophylaxis with fluconazole for oropharyngeal candidiasis in HIV-positive patients. A mycological analysis of failures].

This prospective study evaluated the in vitro susceptibility of Candida albicans isolates recovered from the oral cavity of AIDS/ARC patients before and during long-term therapy with fluconazole. Thirty adults (15 with ARC and 15 with AIDS) with a first episode of thrush candidiasis were given oral fluconazole (Triflucan 50 mg; one capsule daily) for at least three months. Fungal susceptibility testing was performed before treatment, after one month, and at last follow-up (range 3.5-12 months; mean 5.7 months). MICs were determined using the agar dilution method with casitone (Difco 259-01) as the test medium at pH 7.2-7.4. There were two initial clinical failures (one with high MICs before and under treatment and one with an intermediate MIC initially and a rise in MIC under fluconazole). Four patients developed a clinical relapse with no change in MICs (which were low or intermediate). In six patients, clinical symptoms resolved but carriage of C. albicans persisted (low MICs). In 18 patients, clinical resolution with eradication of C. albicans was achieved. These data suggest that (1) clinical failures may be associated with in vitro resistance; (2) relapses under fluconazole maintenance therapy may develop in patients with advanced HIV disease despite the lack of change in the susceptibility of strains.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

[IgG autoantibodies against cellular p72 antigen crossing with (MLV) p15-gag antigen: presence in early HIV 1 infection, in HBV infection and in primary Gougerot-Sjögren].

IgG antibodies of autoimmune SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus) serum S detected a HeLa hnRNP 72 kDa protein, cross-reacting with the retroviral (MLV) p15-gag polypeptide. Since serum S disclosed a ubiquitous 72 kDa antigen in HeLa cell fractions, was prepared the so-called cytoplasmic "X fraction", enriched for the 72 kDa protein, defined here as p72. This autoantigen was detected by antibodies of HIV 1+ patients, recently of seroconverted (RSC) asymptomatic subjects, of HBV+ sera, and of primary Gougerot-Sjögren (prGS) sera. The presence of these autoantibodies in different autoimmune and infectious pathologies raises the question of the involvement of p72 in the immune processes and in the early HIV1 infection.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

Spontaneous in vitro secretion of antibody to cytomegalovirus (CMV) by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells: a new approach to studying the CMV-immune system interaction.

The in vitro secretion of cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific antibodies by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was analyzed in patients with acute CMV infection and CMV-seropositive patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. This active and spontaneous in vitro secretion was not affected by the depletion of T cells or adherent cells. The number of anti-CMV antibody-secreting cells was estimated to be 28-176/10(6) PBMC; 30%-65% of the total in vitro antibody production was CMV-specific. This secretion seemed to be independent of in vitro polyclonal B cell activation, in vitro antigen-specific lymphocyte stimulation, or in vivo Epstein-Barr virus-induced B cell transformation. In vitro anti-CMV antibody production may therefore result from an in vivo stimulation of the immune system by CMV antigens and might indicate CMV replication in the host.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

Analysis of the spontaneous in vitro anti-HIV-1 antibody secretion by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in HIV-1 infection.

We studied the spontaneous in vitro secretion of anti-HIV-1 antibodies by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from HIV-1-infected patients. Specific antibody production was detected in supernatants of PBMC cultures using an ELISA; HIV-1 specificity was confirmed by antigen adsorption and Western blotting. This antibody secretion was found to be an active phenomenon and was not due to a release of plasma antibodies passively adsorbed onto the cell membranes. In all positive supernatants, anti-HIV-1-secreted antibodies were directed against env-encoded antigens and many supernatants also contained antibodies to pol- and gag-encoded antigens. PBMC from all HIV-1-infected patients tested (140 adults and 18 infants) secreted anti-HIV-1 antibodies. This production was found during all the clinical stages of HIV-1 infection. Our results suggest that this spontaneous HIV-1-specific antibody secretion represents a marker of HIV-1 infection. Detection of these antibodies could be a valuable tool for early confirmation of HIV-1 infection in neonates born to HIV-1-seropositive mothers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Cytomegalovirus-specific B cell activation as a potential marker for the diagnosis of cytomegalovirus infection.

In vitro secretion of antibodies to cytomegalovirus was investigated by analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cell culture supernatants from subjects infected with cytomegalovirus. Patients with primary or recurrent cytomegalovirus infection showed transient in vitro cytomegalovirus-specific antibody secretion. A high proportion of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus and sero-positive for cytomegalovirus showed in vitro cytomegalovirus-specific antibody secretion. All peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures from patients with symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus infection were found to secrete in vitro antibodies to cytomegalovirus, despite the fact that isolation of cytomegalovirus from some of these patients was not achieved. In human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients, in vitro secretion of anti-cytomegalovirus antibodies appeared to be persistent. In vitro cytomegalovirus-specific antibody secretion by peripheral blood lymphocytes probably reflects an in vitro cytomegalovirus-specific B cell activation. This new assay could be considered an interesting method for detecting both acute or chronic cytomegalovirus infection, with potential use in routine laboratory practice.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Cytomegalovirus viremia in HIV-infected patients treated with zidovudine.

We followed the course of cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia in 65 patients treated with zidovudine for symptomatic HIV-1 infection. Blood samples were tested for the presence of CMV before initiation of treatment and every 3 months thereafter. 13 patients (20%) showed a positive CMV viremia at initiation of treatment. After 3 months of therapy, only 2 patients (3%) remained viremic. However, the frequency of CMV viremia increased from the 6th month of treatment and 28 (43%) of our patients showed a persistence of, or conversion to, positive viremia during the course of treatment. CMV viremia was associated with a decline in the patients' clinical state in 79% of the cases. In contrast, among the 37 patients, who remained negative for CMV viremia, 73% did not show a progression of the HIV-associated disease. The results suggest that CMV viremia could be considered as a useful marker for HIV-associated disease and its progression as well as for the efficacy of therapy.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

Susceptibility of several species of Candida and Torulopsis to fluconazole and ketoconazole.

The authors compared the in vitro antifungal activity of fluconazole, a new triazole antifungal agent, and ketoconazole, an imidazole derivative. The MIC values were determined against 50 strains of Candida albicans, 10 strains of C. guilliermondii, 10 strains of C. krusei, 10 strains of C. parapsilosis, 10 strains of C. pseudotropicalis, 10 strains of C. tropicalis and 15 strains of Torulopsis glabrata. The fungistatic activity was evaluated by the agar dilution method using BHI and casitone media after incubation for 48 h at 28-30 degrees C. Both antifungal agents showed higher activity when tested on casitone medium; however, the G-MIC values for ketoconazole were lower than those for fluconazole.

Candida↗
PubMed1988

[Rickettsiaceae infections and fluoroquinolones].

Twenty nine patients with Rickettsiosis (Tick born fever, n: 22, Q fever, n: 7) has been treated with fluoroquinolones. These compounds was used alone n: 25 (Pefloxacin, n: 15; Ofloxacin, n: 10) or associated n: 4 (Pefloxacin + Rifampin). The general efficacy was excellent. Common Tick born fever and pulmonary forms of Q fever was fast cured. Severe Tick born fever (neurologic or polyvisceral forms, n: 5) and Q fever with long term hyperthermia, n: 4 cas always cured without complications but the time necessary to obtain apyrexia was often longer (6 cases).

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1987

[Ofloxacin (RU 43280). Clinical study].

Thirty-two patients were treated by ofloxacin on bacteriological documented infections. They were Enterobacterias: n = 15 (MIC less than or equal to 0.06 to 0.5 microgram/ml); Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter: n = 1 (MIC 0.5 and 4 micrograms/ml); Staphylococcus: n = 6 (MIC less than or equal to 0.06 to 4 micrograms/ml); Pneumococcus: n = 1; Mycoplasma: n = 1; Chlamydia psittaci: n = 2; Legionella pneumophila: n = 1; Rickettsias: n = 4 (three mediterranean fevers one query fever). Ofloxacin was given orally from 400 to 800 mg per day (5 to 15 mg/kg/day). It was used alone 26 times and on 6 occasions it was associated with rifampin on 6 staphylococcal infections. On 19 cases it was used after failure or intolerance of initial therapy. Thirty times it was the first antibiotic substance used. Results were good mainly: 1) on nine pneumonitis (enterobacterias: 4; Pneumococcus: 1; Mycoplasma: 1; Chlamydia: 2; Legionella: 1) during a mean duration of twenty days; 2) urinary infections (n:7) provoked by E. coli and Enterobacter cloacae (mean duration: 20 days); 3) 4 osteo-articular-infections (mean duration: 77 days); 4) Rickettsial infections (n:4) during a mean duration of 11 days. Results are particularly noteworthy because patients treated had severe infections: 12 bacteremias, 1 endocarditis and 1 purulent meningitis. None severe adverse effect was observed.

Adolescent↗