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Biomedical subjects

J Reilly

Publications and source records attributed to J Reilly.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Pathology and pathogenesis of lumbar spondylosis and stenosis.

Study of autopsy specimens of the lumbar spine makes it possible to construct a spectrum of pathologic change. Progressive degenerative changes in the posterior joints lead to marked destruction and instability. Similar changes in the disc result in herniation, internal disruption, and resorption. Combined changes in posterior joint and disc sometimes produce entrapment of a spinal nerve in the lateral recess, central stenosis at one level, or both of these conditions. Changes at one level often lead, over a period of years, to multilevel spondylosis and/or stenosis. Developmental stenosis is an enhancing factor in the presence of a small herniation or moderate degenerative stenosis. Lesions such as major trauma, spondylolisthesis, those following spinal fusion, Paget's disease, and fluorosis, on occasion act directly to produce central or lateral stenosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Hyperalimentation in inflammatory bowel disease.

The effect of total parenteral nutrition on a group of thirty-four patients with inflammatory bowel disease over the past three and a half years was reviewed. Only patients in whom medical management had failed were included. Patients in whom the decision for surgery had been made and who were treated with total parenteral nutrition in an effort to prepare them for surgery were excluded. Of the group with Crohn's disease, those patients with small bowel involvement appeared to fare best; surgery was avoided in approximately 70 per cent of these admissions. Crohn's disease with colonic involvement had a less favorable prognosis, and 43 per cent of these patients underwent operation. Parenteral nutrition does not appear to affect the course of ulcerative colitis, as almost all patients in the group were treated by colectomy.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effective leukocyte removal from platelet preparations by centrifugation in a new pooling bag.

A pooling bag (Leukotrap, Cutter Laboratories, Berkeley, CA) with a protruding pocket at the bottom into which heavier cellular elements are collected after centrifugation at 390 X g for 10 minutes, was studied. The tab is clamped before transfusion. Varying numbers of platelet concentrates (PC) that had been stored for different durations were pooled and centrifuged in the bags. When 4 or more units of PC were studied, the results were independent of the number of units and the duration of storage. Approximately 90 percent of the contaminating leukocytes (WBC) were removed with a platelet loss of less than 10 percent. Similar results were obtained with single-donor platelets (WBCs decreased 93%; range, 77-99%; n = 12). Posttransfusion increments were similar to those with unmodified platelets; in four patients, febrile platelet transfusion reactions were eliminated by the WBC removal. Thus, the bags represent a simple, reproducible, and effective means of reducing WBC and red cell contamination of platelet preparations with acceptable platelet losses.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevention of nerve root adhesions after laminectomy.

In repeat lumbar surgery for failure of the original operation to provide lasting relief, well-organized fibrous tissue is often noted binding together the dura, nerve roots, and erector spinae muscles. Lumbar laminectomy was carried out in 46 dogs and seven groups of animals studied. Gelfoam failed to prevent fibrosis. Free fat grafts prevented fibrosis whether the graft was placed at the laminectomy site or around the nerve roots. Vascularization of the grafts was demonstrated by injection of India ink before sacrifice. Ligamentum nuchae, which is similar to ligamentum flavum in its high elastic content, was also effective in preventing scar formation. The operative biopsy findings at reexploration in four patients who had free fat grafts following laminectomy are presented.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neuropsychological studies of linguistic and affective facial expressions in deaf signers.

For deaf users of American Sign Language (ASL), facial behaviors function in two distinct ways: to convey affect (as with spoken languages) and to mark certain specific grammatical structures (e.g., relative clauses), thus subserving distinctly linguistic functions in ways that are unique to signed languages. The existence of two functionally different classes of facial behaviors raises questions concerning neural control of language and nonlanguage functions. Examining patterns of neural mediation for differential functions of facial expressions, linguistic versus affective, provides a unique perspective on the determinants of hemispheric specialization. This paper presents two studies which explore facial expression production in deaf signers. An experimental paradigm uses chimeric stimuli of ASL linguistic and affective facial expressions (photographs of right vs. left composites of posed expressions) to explore patterns of productive asymmetries in brain-intact signers. A second study examines facial expression production in left and right brain lesioned deaf signers, specifying unique patterns of spared and impaired functions. Both studies show striking differences between affective and linguistic facial expressions. The data indicate that for deaf signing individuals, affective expressions appear to be primarily mediated by the right-hemisphere. In contrast, these studies provide evidence that linguistic facial expressions involve left hemisphere mediation. This represents an important finding, since one and the same muscular system is involved in two functionally distinct types of facial expressions. For hearing persons, the right-hemisphere may be predominant in affective facial expression, but for deaf signers, hemispheric specialization for facial signals is influenced by the purposes those signals serve. Taken together, the data provide important new insights into the determinants of the specialization of the cerebral hemispheres in humans.

Affect↗