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Biomedical subjects

J Reid

Publications and source records attributed to J Reid.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Propofol as an induction agent in the goat: a pharmacokinetic study.

The pharmacokinetics of propofol, 4 mg/kg, administered as a bolus dose intravenously (i.v.) prior to the maintenance of anaesthesia with halothane in oxygen, were determined in five goats, and a clinical impression of its use as an induction agent was made. Induction of anaesthesia was rapid and smooth, providing satisfactory conditions for intubation in all animals. Post-induction apnoea occurred in one goat and minimal regurgitation of ruminal contents was recorded in two animals. Recovery times were rapid with a mean time to standing after halothane inhalation ceased of 13.7 min. The blood propofol concentration time profile was best described by a bi-exponential decline in all five goats. The mean elimination half-life was short (15.5 min), the volume of distribution at steady state large (2.56 l/kg) and the clearance rapid (275 ml/min.kg). Propofol was shown to be a very satisfactory induction agent in the goat.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1993

Parent and teacher ratings in the assessment and prediction of antisocial and delinquent behaviors.

Subjects consisted of a sample of two cohorts of approximately 100 boys each whose behaviors were rated by their parents and teachers. Criterion variables included antisocial behavior, based on parent, child, teacher, and interviewer reports, and delinquency, based on parent and child reports in addition to cumulative arrest data taken from juvenile court records. The data suggest that mothers are focused on the daily, irritating behaviors of their sons. Teachers, on the other hand, appear to focus on a relatively small number of items (e.g., child physically attacks others, associates with deviant peers), and thereby provide ratings that are better predictors of delinquency and arrest. When the mothers' ratings were constrained to include only items that were salient for teachers, their predictive validity coefficients approached the magnitude of the teacher coefficients.

Child↗
PubMed1993

Serological diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori--evaluation of four tests in the presence or absence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

The host's humoral immune response to Helicobacter pylori has been used in the diagnosis of active infection with these organisms. Several commercial tests are available but there are few and unconfirmed reports of their efficacy. This study aimed to assess and compare the efficacy of the following H pylori serological tests in patients treated or not treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID): Pyloriset Latex, Helico-G, Biolab Malakit, and Bio-Rad GAP Test IgG. Venous blood was tested at random in 124 patients, 64 of whom had received NSAID and 60 who had not. H pylori IgG antibodies were detected by latex agglutination (Pyloriset), or by ELISA (the remaining tests). Endoscopic gastric antral biopsy specimens were also obtained for urease activity, culture, and histology. Detection of H pylori by at least two of these was considered as a true positive, and its absence in all biopsy specimens as a true negative. The sensitivity values in the presence (or absence) of NSAID were: Pyloriset Latex, 59 (60)%; Helico-G, 79 (74)%; Biolab Malakit, 85 (81)%; and Bio-Rad GAP Test IgG, 100 (95)%. The respective specificity values were: 50 (71)%, 47 (59)%, 50 (65)%, and 30 (29)%. The Bio-Rad GAP Test IgG has the highest sensitivity and the lowest specificity values regardless of NSAID intake. The sensitivity of the other tests, however, is less than that of the standard biopsy related tests and their specificity is even lower in chronic NSAID users.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Speech perception in children fitted with Nucleus mini system 22 implants].

Currently there are over 380 european children implanted with the Nucleus device. A battery of speech perception tests has been adapted and translated into German, French and English by Cochlear AG to evaluate the benefits of the cochlear implant for european children. The tests evaluate a hierarchy of auditory skills classified into four levels including: detection of speech sounds, speech pattern identification; speech identification and speech recognition. A child's auditory-visual skills are also assessed. Over 100 children randomly selected from participating clinics have been assessed postoperatively with these measures and the results analyzed. These children are representative of the diversity amongst the european child population in terms of etiology of deafness, onset of deafness, duration of deafness and experience with the implant. All children were able to score significantly above chance for the first two perceptual tests. Test results for this group of children suggest that children with a later onset and shorter duration of deafness tend to perform better on some auditory tasks than children deafened earlier in life and for a longer period of time. Furthermore it appears that the children's performance on these tests improves with increasing implant experience.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

Yeast alpha-mating factor receptor and G-protein-linked adenylyl cyclase inhibition requires RAS2 and GPA2 activities.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae expresses two RAS gene products (RAS1 and RAS2) highly homologous to mammalian p21ras which mediate glucose-stimulated cyclic-AMP formation. Mating pheromone inhibits RAS-linked adenylyl cyclase activation and this is dependent upon the alpha-factor receptor (STE2) and its associated G-protein beta-subunit (STE4). We now show that this pheromone effect is independent of mating pathway signalling components "downstream" of STE4 but displays an absolute requirement for an additional G-protein alpha-subunit encoded by GPA2. alpha-mating factor effects also involve a specific suppression of normal RAS2 activity as the constitutively activated mutant RAS2vall9 as well as wild type. RAS1 are insensitive to inhibition. Interaction between GPA2, STE4-STE18, RAS2 and adenylyl cyclase in yeast could give important insight into signalling pathways controlling normal and oncogenic p21ras activity in man.

Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors↗
PubMed1992

Effect of unexpected demolition announcement on health of residents.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the impact of an unexpected announcement of the demolition of a housing estate on the health of the area's residents. DESIGN: Study of general practitioner consultation rates of the estate's residents after the announcement compared with those of other areas and with those of the previous year. SETTING: General practices in Runcorn, Cheshire. PATIENTS: 17,000 patients on lists of the two group practices serving the estate and surrounding area. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Relative weekly consultation rates with general practitioners. RESULTS: The mean adjusted odds ratio for consultation was 1.12 (SD 0.12) when demolition was expected and 0.877 (0.05) when it was not (t = 5.94, p less than 0.001). The difference remained after the adjustment for the fall in the estate's population was removed (t = 3.7, p less than 0.01). CONCLUSION: Announcement of the estate's demolition adversely affected residents' health.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1992

AI/Learn/Rheumatology. A computer-assisted educational system for teaching about rheumatic diseases.

Education of health professionals about the rheumatic diseases is in need of improvement. The computer is an instrument that can be used efficiently to educate large numbers of users. With specific educational principles in mind, we developed AI/Learn/Rheumatology, a computer-assisted interactive videodisc system for teaching the rheumatic diseases. While interacting with the user, it conveys knowledge using visual and problem-solving techniques. The system is efficient, enjoyable to use, and useful for small groups and independent study. It is applicable for teaching medical and allied health professional students, postgraduate trainees, and primary care physicians.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed1992

Continuous extradural analgesia: comparison of midwife top-ups, continuous infusions and patient controlled administration.

We have compared three techniques used to provide extradural analgesia during the first stage of labour: 0.25% plain bupivacaine 10 ml demand top-ups delivered by the midwife; continuous infusion of 0.125% plain bupivacaine 10 ml h-1; and patient-controlled extradural analgesia (PCEA) delivering 3-ml boluses of 0.25% bupivacaine. Each technique produced comparable analgesia achieving equivalent maternal satisfaction, with no difference in mode of delivery and no complications. This regimen for PCEA proved a viable alternative for continuous extradural analgesia and was popular with the mothers, midwives and anaesthetists.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Joint hypermobility in adults referred to rheumatology clinics.

Joint hypermobility is a rarely recognised aetiology for focal or diffuse musculoskeletal symptoms. To assess the occurrence and importance of joint hypermobility in adult patients referred to a rheumatologist, we prospectively evaluated 130 consecutive new patients for joint hypermobility. Twenty women (15%) had joint hypermobility at three or more locations (greater than or equal to 5 points on a 9 point scale). Most patients with joint hypermobility had common musculoskeletal problems as the reason for referral. Two patients referred with a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis were correctly reassigned a diagnosis of hypermobility syndrome. Three patients with systemic lupus erythematosus had diffuse joint hypermobility. There was a statistically significant association between diffuse joint hypermobility and osteoarthritis. Most patients (65%) had first degree family members with a history of joint hypermobility. These results show that joint hypermobility is common, familial, found in association with common rheumatic disorders, and statistically associated with osteoarthritis. The findings support the hypothesis that joint hypermobility predisposes to musculoskeletal disorders, especially osteoarthritis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Diagnostic tests for Helicobacter pylori: comparison and influence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

AIMS: To evaluate the efficacy of culture, histology, CLO-test, Helico-G and Pyloriset tests in diagnosing Helicobacter pylori in the presence or absence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). METHODS: Of 134 patients studied, 75 had taken NSAIDs. At endoscopy, biopsy specimens were taken for culture, histology, and CLO-test. Blood was also taken for enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (Helico-G) and latex agglutination (Pyloriset) tests. RESULTS: The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of histology and CLO-test, compared with culture, ranged from 90% to 97%, regardless of NSAID intake. In the 59 patients not taking NSAIDs Helico-G had a sensitivity of 75% (p < 0.05) and a specificity of 61%; Pyloriset's sensitivity and specificity were, respectively, 63% (p < 0.05) and 67%. In the 75 patients taking NSAIDs the sensitivity of Helico-G was 81% and its specificity 45% (p < 0.05); Pyloriset had a sensitivity of 61% (p < 0.05) and a specificity of 50% (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that H pylori is more reliably diagnosed by culture, histology, and CLO-test than by the serological tests used in this study, especially in patients treated with NSAIDs.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Reproductive performance of inbred congenic Leghorns carrying different haplotypes for the major histocompatibility complex.

Twelve congenic lines of White Leghorn chickens carrying distinct haplotypes of the MHC (B blood group) but sharing a common genetic background from a highly inbred line (UCD 003) were compared. Each of the lines had been bred back to Line UCD 003 for five generations before intercrossing its members to establish its distinct genetically homozygous MHC type. Seven generations of these congenic lines were compared between 1981 and 1987 for fertility, hatchability of fertile eggs, egg production, mortality to 40 wk of age, 40-wk egg weight, and 40-wk body weight. Statistically significant differences between MHC haplotypes were found for all traits except fertility.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Effects of heterozygosity of major histocompatibility complex haplotypes on performance of Leghorn hens sharing a common inbred background.

Four sets of diallele crosses between partially congenic lines of Leghorns differing in their MHC haplotypes (B blood group) were made in 4 successive yr. Hens heterozygous for B haplotypes resulting from the crosses were then compared with those representing the homozygous congenic parent lines. Heterozygotes superior in performance to the average of their parental homozygotes were found to occur predominantly for survivor egg production, egg weight, and viability to 40 wk of age. Body weight of adult hens showed least heterosis. Surprisingly few crosses produced heterozygous embryos with superior hatchability, although heterotic combinations did exist. Additive differences between parent homozygotes were of greater magnitude than dominance effects measured as average excess of heterozygotes over homozygote averages of parents. A control genotype heterozygous for the B2/BQ combination was included in all tests and proved heterotic in most cases. This same genotype also had been found to confer resistance to Marek's disease under experimental inoculation.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Effects of intracisternal endothelin-1 injection on blood flow to the lower brain stem.

The central effects of endothelin-1 (Et-1, 10-30 pmol in 2.5 microliters injected intracisternally) have been investigated in the conscious rat. With 10 and 20 pmol Et-1, no significant change in blood pressure was observed. With 30 pmol Et-1, mean arterial blood pressure rose by 40 +/- 10 mm Hg with an accompanying modest, short-lived bradycardia at 2 min post-injection. Cerebral blood flow [( 14C]iodoantipyrine autoradiography), measured simultaneously with the hypertensive response, was markedly reduced throughout the caudal medulla and cerebellum (by up to 85%), while significant hyperaemia was evident in a number of forebrain structures (e.g. an increase of 78% in sensorimotor cortex). These observations have relevance to two distinct scientific areas. Concerning the significant effect of Et-1 in central cardiovascular control, these results caution against drawing conclusions from ventricular application with knowledge only of cardiovascular parameters. These results also illustrate the profound effects of Et-1 which is uniquely capable of overriding cerebral autoregulatory mechanisms.

Animals↗