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Biomedical subjects

J Ram

Publications and source records attributed to J Ram.

70 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Host dependence of RP1-specified resistance to ampicillin: differential expression in Escherichia coli and Rhizobium leguminosarum.

Rhizobium leguminosarum L4 is able to serve as a host for the plasmid RP1. Properties of R. leguminosarum [RP1] plasmid carrier suggest that the expression of RP1-coded Apr gene(s) is inhibited in this host, although the determinants of transfer and resistance to kanamycin and tetracycline are expressed. This system exemplifies a differential expression of plasmid genes in a new host.

Ampicillin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neuroprotection in glaucoma.

Currently, glaucoma is recognised as an optic neuropathy. Selective death of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) is the hallmark of glaucoma, which is also associated with structural changes in the optic nerve head. The process of RGC death is thought to be biphasic: a primary injury responsible for initiation of damage that is followed by a slower secondary degeneration related to noxious environment surrounding the degenerating cells. For example, retinal ishaemia may establish a cascade of changes that ultimately result in cell death: hypoxia leads to excitotoxic levels of glutamate, which cause a rise in intra-cellular calcium, which in turn, leads to neuronal death due to apoptosis or necrosis. Neuroprotection is a process that attempts to preserve the cells that were spared during the initial insult, but are still vulnerable to damage. Although not yet available, a neuroprotective agent would be of great use in arresting the progression of glaucoma. There is evidence that neuroprotection can be achieved both pharmacologically and immunologically. Pharmacological intervention aims at neutralising some of the effects of the nerve-derived toxic factors, thereby increasing the ability of the spared neurons to cope with stressful conditions. On the other hand, immunological interventions boost the body's own repair mechanisms for counteracting the toxic effects of various chemicals generated during the cascade. This review, based on a literature search using MEDLINE, focuses on diverse cellular events associated with glaucomatous neurodegeneration, and discusses some pharmacological agents believed to have a neuroprotective role in glaucoma.

Apoptosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Low-dose intraoperative mitomycin-C versus conjunctival autograft in primary pterygium surgery: long term follow-up.

PURPOSE: To evaluate and compare the long term safety and efficacy of low-dose intraoperative application of mitomycin-C (0.02%) with conjunctival autograft in primary pterygium surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Of 37 consecutive patients 41 eyes with primary pterygium underwent pterygium excision with either intraoperative mitomycin-C (0.02%) (Group I) or conjunctival autografts (Group II) at random. Mitomycin-C (0.2 mg/mL) was applied for 2.5 minutes on the scleral bed under the conjunctiva. Conjunctival autograft was obtained from upper temporal limbus and secured with 10-0 monofilament nylon. The follow-up period ranged from 14 to 54 months (mean 36 months) for mitomycin-C group and 13 to 58 months (mean 38 months) for conjunctival autograft group. RESULTS: Twenty-one eyes underwent pterygium excision with intraoperative mitomycin-C (0.02%) application (Group I) and 20 eyes were treated using conjunctival autograft (Group II). The mean size of the pterygium was 3.80 mm (range 2.6 to 4.8 mm) in the mitomycin-C group and 3.60 mm (range 2.5 to 4.5 mm) in the conjunctival autograft group. Two (9.52%) eyes treated with intraoperative mitomycin-C had delayed epithelial healing of corneoscleral wound and one (4.76%) eye developed pyogenic granuloma. Three (14.3%) of the 21 eyes in Group I and one (5%) of 20 eyes in Group II had recurrence of pterygium (P = 0.3174). All recurrences occurred in patients below 40 years of age (P = 0.0384). CONCLUSION: We conclude that conjunctival autograft and intraoperative mitomycin-C are both equally effective adjuncts to primary pterygium surgery on long term follow-up. However, future prospective studies with larger numbers of subjects may be carried out to find out the optimum concentration and duration of intraoperative mitomycin-C application.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Postoperative complications and visual results in uniocular pediatric traumatic cataract.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study was prospectively carried out to evaluate the postoperative complications and visual results following posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL) implantation in children with unilateral traumatic cataract. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We prospectively evaluated 40 children, 12 years or younger, with traumatic cataract (blunt trauma, n = 22 eyes, repaired penetrating eye injury, n = 18 eyes) undergoing PCIOL implantation with a minimum follow-up period of one year. Children with posterior segment ocular injury were excluded. RESULTS: The postoperative complications were significantly higher in the penetrating eye injury group as compared to blunt trauma group (ie, pupillary capture 44.44% vs 9.09%, posterior capsulotomy rate 83.33% vs 40.90% and IOL decentration 27.77% vs 4.54%). The final visual acuity was 6/12 or better in 38.8% and 86.36% of eyes with penetrating eye injury and blunt trauma, respectively. CONCLUSION: Extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) with PCIOL implantation in traumatic cataract following blunt trauma results in better visual outcome and fewer complications compared to penetrating eye injury if the posterior segment is not involved.

Cataract↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Traumatic lens abscess with chornic endophthalmitis successfully treated with pars plana lensectomy and vitrectomy.

Intralenticular abscess is a rare entity and has been infrequently reported after surgery, metastatic infection, or trauma. We report a case of post traumatic lens abscess with low-grade endophthalmitis following a penetrating eye injury with a splinter of wood. The patient was successfully treated with a pars plana lensectomy and vitrectomy. Despite thorough microbiological investigations, no causative organism could be isolated.

Abscess↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neodymium:YAG capsulotomy rates following phacoemulsification with implantation of PMMA, silicone, and acrylic intraocular lenses.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Posterior capsular opacification (PCO) is the most common visually disabling sequela of modern cataract surgery. Methods of reducing its incidence include the development of newer surgical techniques and intraocular lens (IOL) materials and designs. The aim of this study was to compare the incidence and time interval of development of PCO, and the requirement of laser capsulotomy in patients implanted with a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), silicone, or acrylic IOL. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The data of 340 consecutive patients who underwent phacoemulsification and implantation ofa PMMA, silicone, or acrylic intraocular lens were analyzed. The aim of this study was to compare the incidence and time interval of development of PCO, and the requirement of laser capsulotomy in patients implanted with a PMMA, silicone, or acrylic IOL. RESULTS: The incidence of PCO was found to be significantly less in the acrylic group (6.5% as compared to 21.74% and 26.6% in the PMMA and silicone groups, respectively; P = 0.01297 and 0.0039). Most patients (65%) exhibiting PCO in the PMMA group developed it within the first six months. In the silicone group, development of PCO was delayed. In 60% of patients, it appeared 18 months after surgery. Neodymium:YAG capsulotomy was required in 45% and 60% of patients developing PCO in the PMMA and silicone groups, respectively, while it was required in only 1 of the 4 patients developing PCO in the acrylic group. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that implantation of an acrylic IOL helps reduce the incidence of PCO as well as the need for Nd:YAG capsulotomy. PMMA IOLs require Nd:YAG capsulotomy earlier in the postoperative period as compared to silicone IOLs.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Retrieval of a dropped corneal button from a vitrectomized eye.

A successful retrieval of a dropped corneal button from an aphakic vitrectomized eye during penetrating keratoplasty is reported. A 52-year-old female patient underwent penetrating keratoplasty for aphakic corneal edema in a vitrectomized eye. The donor button inadvertently dropped into the vitreous cavity and was retrieved successfully. The dropped corneal button was visualized after focusing the operating microscope on the retina. The visualization significantly improved after aspiration of the fluid from the vitrectomized eye. The donor button was picked up by McPherson's forceps and subsequently sutured to the recipient's cornea. Corneal surgeons need to be aware of this rare complication in aphakic vitrectomized eyes and its retrieval after accurate visualization.

Aphakia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of clofazimine on eye in multibacillary leprosy.

Seventy-six patients of multibacillary leprosy received clofazimine as part of multidrug therapy (MDT) for periods ranging between 6 and 24 months. Complete ocular examination including slit lamp microscopy and examination of tears was carried out in all these patients. Reddish brown conjunctival and corneal pigmentation was seen in 46% and 53% of the patients respectively. Clofazimine crystals in tears were found in 32% of the patients. Apart from this no other eye changes or symptoms attributable to clofazimine were observed.

Adolescent↗