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Biomedical subjects

J R Lambert

Publications and source records attributed to J R Lambert.

85 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Nitroblue tetrazolium test in psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoarthrosis.

Nitroblue tetrazolium test scores were obtained in 43 patients with psoriatic arthritis, 32 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and 16 patients with osteoarthrosis. The mean score in all groups was similar and was higher than previously reported in patients awaiting heart surgery or with noninfective dermatoses. The test is not thought to be helpful in differentiating psoriatic arthritis from rheumatoid arthritis, and its usefulness in the diagnosis of septic arthritis superimposed on other forms of arthropathy is limited.

Arthritis↗
PubMed1977

Psoriatic arthritis and anti-nuclear factor.

Positive tests for anti-nuclear factor were found in 7% of 101 patients with psoriatic arthritis. In only one case was this at a significantly high titre. The overall prevalence is that expected in the community, though there was a high prevalence in those with Sjögren's syndrome. This is a further differentiating feature from rheumatoid arthritis.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Serum uric acid levels in psoriatic arthritis.

Serum uric acid levels were determined in patients with psoriatic arthritis on and off medication, with rheumatoid arthritis on no medication likely to alter serum values, and in patients with uncomplicated psoriasis. Values in males were higher than those in females. A larger prevalence of values above the normal range were seen in males with psoriatic arthritis on uncontrolled medication (13-5%) and in males with rheumatoid arthritis (12%) than in the other groups. The means for both these groups were around the midpoints of the normal range. These findings suggest that hyperuricaemia is not a common characteristic of psoriatic arthritis.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1976

Eye inflammation in psoriatic arthritis.

In a study of 112 patients (49 men, 63 women) with psoriatic arthritis, ocular inflammation was noted in 35 (31.2%). Conjunctivitis was the most common lesion, being found in 19.6% (10 males, 12 females). Iritis occurred in 7.1% (5 men, 3 women), episcleritis in 1.8% (1 man, 1 woman), and keratoconjunctivitis sicca in 2.7% (3 women). 20 patients (10 men, 10 women) had radiological sacroiliitis and 11 of these (7 men, 4 women) had ankylosing spondylitis according to the New York criteria. Eye lesions were noted in 7 of the patients with sacroiliitis, 3 having iritis (15%) and 4 (20%) conjunctivitis. 2 patients with spondylitis had iritis (18%) and 1 (9%) conjunctivitis. It is concluded that inflammatory eye lesions are a frequent accompaniment to psoriatic arthritis. This is taken as further evidence for the concept of the seronegative spondyloarthritides.

Arthritis↗
PubMed1976

Histocompatibility antigens in psoriatic arthritis.

Histocompatibility (HL-A) antigen typing was performed on 82 patients with psoriatic arthritis. The prevalance of HL-AB27 was increased (28%) compared with that in a control group (7-5%), and this was most marked in those with spinal changes. The prevalence in patients with sacroiliitis and syndesmophytes was 75%, with sacroiliitis alone 78%, but with syndesmophytes and normal sacroiliac joints only 36%. The overall prevalence in psoriatic spondylitis was 60%, with a prevalence of 71% in those fulfilling the New York criteria for anklosing spondylitis. The prevalence was not increased in those with only peripheral arthritis (11%). The prevalence of HLA-B13 was decreased in those with psoriatic spondylitis, though this was not statistically significant. The overall prevalence of HLA-BW17 was increased, this being particularly so in those with syndesmophytes, but values were not significant.

Arthritis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pharmacology of bismuth-containing compounds.

Bismuth compounds have been used for more than two centuries. A review of the modes of action, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of two commonly used compounds, colloidal bismuth subcitrate and bismuth subsalicylate, is presented. In humans bismuth toxicity is unlikely when therapeutic doses of these compounds are administered for the appropriate duration. The recent use of bismuth compounds to eradicate infection with Helicobacter pylori and to prevent travelers' diarrhea has resulted in scientific reevaluation of these agents.

Anti-Ulcer Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison of diagnostic tests to determine Helicobacter pylori infection.

Twenty-five Helicobacter pylori positive and 25 H. pylori negative subjects as defined by culture and phase contrast microscopy of antral biopsy specimens obtained from routine upper endoscopy were studied. Antral biopsies were examined by rapid urease test, phase contrast microscopy, culture and histology. Venous blood was tested for H. pylori specific IgG antibodies by an ELISA technique. Within 7 days of endoscopy the patients also had a [14C]-urea breath test. The sensitivity and specificity of the rapid urease test was 92%, the breath test 96% and 100%, histopathology 96% and 91% and serology 96% and 88%, respectively. The [14C]-urea breath test performed over 1 h with sampling of subjects at 0, 0.5 and 1 h was an accurate and reliable method. Results expressed as counts per minute of the expired 14CO2 proved to be a simple method of assessing H. pylori status. A significant correlation between severity of histological antral gastritis and the amount of 14CO2 expired was observed. This study has shown that the non-invasive 14C-urea breath test and serology are highly sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection.

Breath Tests↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Helicobacter pylori prevalence in endoscopy and medical staff.

The epidemiology and mode of transmission of Helicobacter pylori is currently unclear; it is postulated that the human stomach is the natural reservoir and that spread occurs by faecal-oral or oral-oral transmission. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of H. pylori in gastroenterologists and gastroenterology nurses compared with internists, general nurses and the normal population. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique (sensitivity 96%, specificity 88%) was used to detect circulating H. pylori immunoglobulin G antibodies in 39 gastroenterologists, 107 gastroenterology nurses, 25 internists and 42 general nurses. These subjects were compared to an age- and sex-matched Caucasian population obtained by random sampling of an urban population area. The overall prevalence of H. pylori in gastroenterologists was 69% compared to 40% of internists (P < 0.01), 17% of gastroenterology nurses (P < 0.001), 19% of general nurses (P < 0.01) and 32% of controls (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in H. pylori prevalence between the gastroenterology nurses and controls, general nurses and controls. The prevalence in gastroenterologists increased with years of practice to levels greater than age-matched controls. The prevalence in gastroenterology nurses increased with age and years of working and was similar to age-matched control subjects. These findings of an increased prevalence of H. pylori infection in gastroenterologists performing endoscopy support human-to-human transmission possibly from patients to medical staff.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Helicobacter pylori in Melbourne Chinese immigrants: evidence for oral-oral transmission via chopsticks.

The Helicobacter pylori seroprevalence in a representative population of 328 Melbourne Chinese immigrants (162 men and 166 women) aged 25 years and older were studied. The population consisted of Chinese people born in China/Hong Kong (n = 110, 33.5%), Vietnam (n = 79, 24.1%), Malaysia/Singapore (n = 102, 31.1%), and elsewhere (n = 37, 11.3%). The overall seroprevalence of H. pylori was 59.5%; 60.5% in men and 58.4% in women. Gender specific analysis showed associations between higher seroprevalence and several socio-demographic factors; in men, age (P < 0.0001), lower education level (P < 0.002), cigarette smoking (P < 0.042), the use of antibiotics (P < 0.015) and chopsticks (P < 0.047), and in women, lower socioeconomical status [education level (P < 0.030), gross household income (P < 0.0001) and occupational status (P < 0.0001)] and use of chopsticks (P < 0.002). Seroprevalence differed between immigrants of various birthplaces (P < 0.001); those born in Malaysia/Singapore (43.1%) were lower than those born in China/Hong Kong (68.2%), Vietnam (68.4%), and elsewhere (59.5%). Immigrants of various birthplaces also differed in their pattern of socio-demographics. Multivariate analyses showed that risk factors for H. pylori infection within the Melbourne Chinese immigrants were, in men, age (B = 1.081) and birthplace (B = 1.769) and, in women, household income (B = 0.541) and use of chopsticks (B = 1.654). This study suggests person-to-person transmission of H. pylori via the oral-oral route with ethno-specific food practices an important risk factor.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Metronidazole prevention of serum liver enzyme abnormalities during total parenteral nutrition.

Abnormal serum liver enzymes are common in adults receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). The mechanism(s) responsible for these changes is unclear. One hypothesis is that there is overgrowth of intestinal anaerobic bacteria with subsequent toxic effects on the liver from endotoxins and/or bile acids. A retrospective survey of patients receiving TPN was undertaken. The patients were divided into two matched groups. One group had received metronidazole, a drug that suppresses anaerobic bacteria, while the other group had not. The administration of metronidazole during TPN was associated with prevention of the expected rise of serum alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, and aspartate amino-transferase. This study supports the concept that anerobic intestinal bacteria may be involved in the pathogenesis of liver changes commonly observed during TPN.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗