Infant chlamydial pneumonia.
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Chlamydia Infections↗
Biomedical subjects
J Price
Publications and source records attributed to J Price.
Chromosomal mapping of Xenopus 5S genes: somatic-type versus oocyte-type.
Xenopus 5S RNA genes exhibit a pattern of differential expression during development in which some members (oocyte-type) are transcribed only in oocytes, while others (somatic-type) are expressed in both oocytes and somatic cells. Using cloned DNA probes specific for each gene type, we determined the positions of these genes on Xenopus metaphase chromosomes by in situ hybridization. Somatic-type 5S genes in both X. laevis and X. borealis are located at the distal end of the long arm of only one chromosome (number 9). The oocyte-type 5S RNA genes are found at the distal ends of the long arms of most Xenopus chromosomes, including chromosome 9. Thus, large scale differences in chromosomal location cannot explain the selective expression of these genes, as suggested previously.
Animals↗
A subpopulation of rat dorsal root ganglion neurones is catecholaminergic.
The neurotransmitters used by the sensory neurones of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) are unknown. A proportion of these cells contain physiologically active peptides; for example, subpopulations of small-diameter neurones contain substance P or somatostatin. Although these peptides probably have some influence on synaptic transmission in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, their status as neurotransmitters is uncertain and it is possible that they coexist with conventional neurotransmitters. In addition, the neurones containing identified peptides account for only a fraction of the DRG sensory neurones. There is evidence that the DRG contain catecholamines within fibres thought to be autonomic, but these substances have not been found within the sensory cell bodies themselves. Moreover, the apparently inappropriate, inhibitory physiological effect of catecholamines in the dorsal horn has argued against their being primary sensory neurotransmitter molecules. We have used here antisera against tyrosine hydroxylase (TH; EC 1.14.16.2) and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH; EC 1.14.17.1), two enzymes specific to catecholaminergic cells, to show that a subpopulation of rat DRG neurones is catecholaminergic and that the neurotransmitter they make is probably dopamine. We believe this to be the first report of catecholaminergic sensory neurones.
Animals↗
Changes in lysosomal enzyme activities of eye tissues in endotoxin-induced inflammation.
Lysosomal enzyme activities in rabbit ocular tissues were examined at various times after the intravitreal injection of endotoxin. Lysosomal enzyme activities in the aqueous, vitreous, and pigment epithelium-choroid were elevated 3 h after injection. It is deduced from the fluorescein-labeled dextran and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of the aqueous, vitreous, and pigment epithelium-choroid from endotoxin injected rabbits that the elevation of lysosomal enzyme activities are probably due to a breakdown in blood-ocular barriers.
Acid Phosphatase↗
Familial retinal arteriolar tortuosity with retinal hemorrhage.
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Female↗
Characterisation of bombesin-like immunoreactivity in human fetal lung.
A sensitive radioimmunoassay for bombesin-like immunoreactivity (BLI) was developed and utilised in conjunction with G50 gel chromatography and reverse-phase HPLC, to study the content and molecular characteristics of bombesin-like peptides in acid extracts of human fetal lung. The antiserum, (B5), is directed towards the C-terminal region of the bombesin molecule and cross-reacts 70% with synthetic porcine GRP and the synthetic GRP fragment, GRP (14-27). Specimens of lung were collected from fetuses of gestational ages 15-22 weeks, following prostaglandin termination of pregnancy. The tissue was extracted into 0.1 N HCl at 90 degrees C. The mean BLI content was 50.2 pg/mg wet weight of tissue (range 15.5-136 pg/mg; n = 13). No correlation between gestational age and BLI content could be established. G50 gel chromatography of acid extracts, under dissociating conditions, revealed two peaks of BLI, one in the position of synthetic porcine GRP and the second, constituting greater than 90% of the immunoreactivity, eluting with synthetic amphibian bombesin. Reverse-phase ODS silica HPLC of this major G50 peak, utilising a methanol/trifluoroacetic acid gradient, indicated that this peptide was similar to the GRP C-terminal fragment, GRP (14-27). We have therefore (1) confirmed the presence and heterogeneity of BLI in human fetal lung, and (2) shown, for the first time, that the majority of this BLI more closely resembles a fragment of GRP than amphibian bombesin itself.
Bombesin↗
Distribution and characterisation of immunoreactive somatostatin in human gastrointestinal tract.
Immunoreactive somatostatin (IRS) was measured in acid extracts of human gastrointestinal tissue. The highest levels were found in the duodenum, pancreas, jejunum and stomach with lower levels in the ileum and colon. In the antrum, pylorus, duodenum and pancreas the main peak of IRS (1.6K IRS) coeluted with synthetic somatostatin-14 on both gel filtration chromatography and HPLC. In the body of stomach, jejunum, ileum and colon, a large peak coeluting with synthetic somatostatin-28 (3.5K IRS) on both chromatographic systems was also identified, while minor peaks of IRS assigned molecular weights of 6000 (6K) and greater than 15 000 (15K) were seen in some extracts. The total IRS content and pattern of molecular forms were similar in tissues obtained from adults at surgery or rapid post mortem, and in tissue taken from human fetuses after prostaglandin termination of pregnancy. When tissues were divided into mucosal and muscle layers, greater than 90% of the IRS was in the mucosa with less than 10% in the muscle layer. In the muscle layer the IRS was almost entirely the 1.6K form in all tissues. Immunohistochemical studies showed the IRS in the mucosa to be localised in endocrine-type cells, while in the muscle layer the IRS is present in nerve fibres and neurones of the myenteric plexus. It is suggested that (1) different mechanisms may control the biosynthesis of somatostatin-14 and somatostatin-28 in mucosal cells in different parts of the gut, (2) different biosynthetic controls may operate in endocrine-like and neuronal cells in the same region of the gut.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
Disinfection of gastrointestinal fibrescopes--evaluation of the disinfectants Dettox and Gigasept.
The disinfectant solutions Dettox (based on a quaternary ammonium compound) and Gigasept (based on succine dialdehyde) were evaluated during disinfection procedures with a new disinfecting apparatus for gastrointestinal fibrescopes. Thorough disinfection was achieved after 2 minutes using Dettox 8% or Gigasept 10%; persistent fibrescope contamination with Gram-negative organisms was found after disinfection with Dettox 4% or Gigasep 5%. No adverse effects in endoscopy staff or damage to fibrescopes were seen. Adequate disinfection of endoscopic equipment prevents endoscopy-related infection and can be readily achieved by trained endoscopy staff using rapidly bactericidal disinfectants.
Aldehydes↗
Storage cabinet for volatile toxic chemicals.
It is common practice to store toxic volatile chemicals in a laboratory fume hood. Although this provides safe storage, it becomes necessary to operate the hood continuously, resulting in a continuous loss of conditioned air from the building. Often, bottles containing highly toxic chemicals are few in numbers and small in size so that the storage volume required for this purpose is modest. This makes it possible to utilize a small auxiliary storage cabinet in place of a chemical hood for this purpose, provided all the vapors from the stored chemicals can be retained. We have constructed and tested a passive storage cabinet consisting of a metal box, 30 X 30 X 30 cm, with a front-opening latchable door, a false bottom for catching and retaining liquid spills, and an open top completely covered with a 5-cm depth of tightly packed, gas-adsorbing, activated charcoal. All vapors released inside the cabinet must pass through the charcoal before reaching the outside and are retained on the charcoal. Means are provided to purge the box of residual vapors before opening the door by compressed air line or a hand-operated squeeze bulb. The incoming fresh air sweeps through the chamber and exists through the charcoal filter.
Drug Storage↗
Health-related experimental learning for college undergraduates.
Guided service experience commonly enriches medical education at the doctoral and postdoctoral levels but rarely has been offered to premedical students. Internships in health agencies were individually arranged for 198 self-selected college undergraduates in 101 different settings which emphasized the social, economic, and interpersonal factors in health care. Students served as nursing aides, clinical assistants, and health educators and in other nontechnical roles; each wrote an analytical report based upon a study plan and firsthand observations. The expectations of both students and host institutions were usually exceeded. Benefits included help in career decisions, exercise in self-directed learning, and demonstration of noncognitive qualities desired in professional work. The authors conclude that undergraduate students are competent to deal with sensitive ethical and social issues in patient care and to provide needed health services of high quality.
Education, Medical, Undergraduate↗
Characterization and partial purification of a ganglioside-associated mitogen.
A nonganglioside factor(s) present in Sigma types II and III mixed bovine brain ganglioside preparations synergises with suboptimal amounts of serum to induce proliferation specifically in nondividing B 103 neuroblastoma cultures. The active substance is nondialysable and soluble in water as well as in chloroform-methanol mixtures of 1:1-4:1 (vol/vol). It is completely insoluble in ether and acetone at room temperature. Biological activity survives heating to 70 degrees C in the presence of 0.1 M HCl for 1 h as well as boiling at neutral pH. Loss of activity occurs on heating to 70 degrees C for 1 h with 1 M HCl or 1 M NaOH. The activity is insensitive to digestion with neuraminidase, trypsin, pronase, and phospholipases A2 and C. The factor cochromatographs with gangliosides on Dowex AG 50W and Sephadex G100 and is partially recovered with GM1 on DEAE-Sepharose, but may be isolated in a ganglioside-free fraction by sequential chromatography on Sephadex LH20 and silicic acid columns. The substance(s) has the properties of a water-soluble proteolipid protein, the amino acid composition being reported. It is not immunologically cross-reactive with antibodies to GM1 ganglioside or the major proteolipid protein of myelin.
Amino Acids↗
Dopaminergic control of the rat thyrotroph.
The established technique of dynamic perfusion of dispersed rat anterior pituitary cells was used to investigate the role of dopamine in the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). The basal release of TSH was 124 +/- 22 ng/ml (mean +/- SEM) and this remained unchanged in the presence of dopamine (5 X 10(-6) M), while basal prolactin release was suppressed to 50% of control values. Perfusion with thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) in doses between 1.4 X 10(-10) and 22.4 X 10(-10) M produced a consistent and reproducible dose-response curve for TSH (n = 14) which was not significantly altered by the presence of dopamine (n = 5). Perfusion with bromocriptine (10(-6) M), a dopamine agonist, did not alter the basal or stimulated TSH release. No stimulation of TSH release was observed when the cells were challenged with 2-min pulses of domperidone, a dopamine antagonist (2 X 10(-9) to 2 X 10(-5) M). The inclusion of somatostatin-14 (3 X 10(-9) M) in the perfusate inhibited TRH-stimulated TSH release. Our results suggest that, in the rat, dopaminergic inhibition of TSH release does not occur at the level of the pituitary.
Animals↗
The psychiatry of vertebro-basilar insufficiency with the report of a case.
Vertebro-basilar insufficiency produces a rich spectrum of psychological and neurological symptoms. Where psychological symptoms dominate the picture, the patient may be presented first to a psychiatrist. The phenomenology of vertebro-basilar insufficiency is discussed with special reference to hallucinatory syndromes, memory disturbance, affective disorders, akinetic mutism, 'unusual reports', cortical blindness, agitated delirium, the Capgras syndrome and normal pressure hydrocephalus. Finally, the case of a 61-year-old man illustrating a variety of the neurological and psychological features described in this paper is presented.
Agnosia↗
The attempted enrichment of beer with thiamine alkyl disulphides.
The Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, commonplace in Australia, might be prevented by the enrichment of alcoholic beverages with thiamine. The use of the well absorbed thiamine alkyl disulphides for the enrichment of the most relevant Australian beverage, namely beer, is examined. A liquid chromatographic method is described whereby thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulphide and thiamine propyl disulphide can be detected in beer in concentrations down to 125 ng/ml. It is concluded that the thiamine alkyl disulphides offer no special advantage because their disulphide bonds are reduced by substances in beer, yielding free thiamine.
Alcohol Amnestic Disorder↗
Oocyte extracts reactivate developmentally inert Xenopus 5S genes in somatic nuclei.
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Animals↗
Zinc responsive parakeratosis and ill-thrift in a Friesian calf.
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Animals↗
Development of oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells studied with a monoclonal antibody against galactocerebroside.
We have generated a hybridoma cell line secreting a monoclonal antibody that specifically binds to the surfaces of oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells, the cells involved in myelin formation in the central and peripheral nervous systems, respectively. Binding studies using purified sphingolipids showed that this antibody reacts strongly with galactocerebroside (GalC), the major galactosphingolipid of myelin. The antibody was used in conjunction with rabbit antisera against sulfatide, the sulfated form of GalC, to examine the developmental appearance of these lipids on the surfaces of oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells. In addition, the loss of GalC and sulfatide from freshly dissociated Schwann cells was compared. These studied showed that GalC is expressed on the cell surface prior to sulfatide on both of these cell types in vivo and in vitro. Conversely, dissociated Schwann cells lose their cell surface sulfatide more rapidly than they lose their surface GalC under nonmyelinating conditions.
Aging↗
Changes in hostility during the course of hypomanic illness.
Thirty patients with hypomania (or mania) were studied using the Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire to establish by testing and retesting the same patients the changes that take place in hostility as a hypomanic illness remits. Highly significant decreases in total hostility, in extrapunitiveness, in criticism of others and in projected hostility were demonstrated. There was some evidence to suggest that acquiescent response set may be characteristic, not of the hypomanic state itself, but of individuals predisposed to develop such an illness. Hostility scores in recovered female hypomanics did not differ from those of control subjects once correction had been made for the effects of age and social class. As an exception to the rule, the case is described of a man with mild mental retardation where testing confirmed clinical and collateral observations of a massive increase in hostility on recovery from a hypomanic illness.
Adult↗