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Biomedical subjects

J Potel

Publications and source records attributed to J Potel.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Anergy in jaundiced patients.

A prospective study of delayed hypersensitivity was carried out in jaundiced patients. One hundred and nineteen subjects were studied. Fifty-nine were controls and sixty were patients with pancreatobiliary pathology and biliary tract obstruction. A Multitest technique was used to evaluate the delayed hypersensitivity response, classifying the subject into one of three groups: immunocompetent, relatively anergic and anergic. In the control group, 76 per cent of the subjects were immunocompetent as opposed to 17 per cent of the patients (P less than 0.001). Ten per cent of the control subjects and fifty-five per cent of the patients presented anergy (P less than 0.001). Amongst the patients no difference could be found in the index of anergy between malignant or benign pathology. A greater incidence of postoperative septic complications in anergic and relatively anergic patients was found. Our study indicates a relationship between jaundice and anergy.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

[Fosfomycin levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with and without meningitis].

18 neurosurgical patients were given 15 g fosfomycin at 8-hour intervals. Simultaneously serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations were determined periodically over 8 hrs. In patients with noninflamed meninges the CSF-concentrations ranged between 6.48 and 8.98 micrograms/ml. In patients with meningitis the CSF-levels amounted to 20.28 and 39.80 micrograms/ml. For perioperative short-time prophylaxis and postoperative infections in neurosurgical patients therapeutically relevant fosfomycin levels against Staph. aureus und Staph. epidermidis can be achieved.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Local metronidazole and PVP-iodine prevention before abdominal and vaginal hysterectomy].

One day before abdominal or vaginal hysterectomy 37 patients received a vaginal suppository of (I) metronidazol (200 mg) (II) PVP-iodine or (III) a placebo. Microbiologic analysis was performed before application and three or four days post surgery. No differences between the three groups were observed regarding bacterial status and postoperative morbidity. Occurrence of postoperative infections did not decrease as a result of the local treatment and dosage as described.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1985

Determination of maximal bactericidal activity in human granulocytes.

A conventional in vitro test assay was used to determine maximal bactericidal capabilities of human granulocytes. By means of a mathematical model the maximal phagocytosis and killing activity could be calculated for S. aureus and P. aeruginosa serving as test organisms. The evaluation allowed moreover the determination of the optimal bacterial load and also of critical bacterial concentrations leading to a complete depression of observable granulocyte killing functions. In contrast to other studies frozen suspensions of bacteria were used allowing the employment of identical microorganisms within a complete series of experiments. On average one granulocyte was found to ingest a maximum of 17 CFU of S. aureus with 9 CFU killed under optimal ratios of bacteria per granulocyte. For P. aeruginosa the granulocyte function reached peak values of 96 CFU ingested and 62 CFU killed per one granulocyte. The new assay might provide a highly reproducible method for clinical assessment of granulocyte dysfunctions in various diseases.

Blood Bactericidal Activity↗
PubMed1985

On the serology and immunobiology of listeriosis. VIII. Communication: antibody against Listeria monocytogenes in sheep without and after vaccination against listeriosis as measured by means of different serological methods.

237 sheep of 4 flocks were tested in a field trial for humoral antibody against Listeria monocytogenes (L, m.) using one serum per animal. In addition, the kinetics of antibody response to vaccination against listeriosis was determined for 20 sheep, using comparatively the bacterial agglutination test, the growth test and the agglutination-immobilization test. Since low antibody were detected in a portion of animals, only, the possibly different degree of infection of animals could not be determined by the three methods employed. After primary and revaccination, a marked kinetics of antibody response resulting in titer decrease three months after vaccination could be detected by means of the agglutination-immobilization test, only, which measured antibody of the IgG class against flagellar antigens. It is discussed whether the immune response to listeriosis infection and vaccination is primarily reflected by the reaction of the macrophage-T lymphocyte system.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1985

Listeria monocytogenes-vaccine: production and control.

The experiments described in this paper were designed in order to develop the basis for the production and potency testing of a live vaccine against listeriosis. The vaccine contains the serovars 1/2 a and 4b of Listeria monocytogenes (L. m.). a) Production. R-forms of both serovars with attenuated mice virulence were used as antigens. The vaccine strains can be kept stable by means of lyophilisation. The vaccine should contain at least 1 X 10(8) living bacteria of each serovar. During production, a cultivation temperature of + 22 degrees C is employed in order to guarantee the formation of somatic (O-) and flagellar (H-)antigens. b) Potency testing. The quantitative mice protection test is the only suitable method for potency testing: subcutaneous vaccination, followed ten days later by challenge with graded doses of sufficiently mice pathogenic, homologous forms of both serovars of L. m. The protection index calculating according to Kärber should be at least 100. Due to the possible decline of the number of living bacteria during storage which could result in decreased potency of the vaccine, the expiration date of the vaccine should be one year after production. It was found that the antibody titres of vaccinated animals are without any value for estimating the protective potency of vaccines.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Antibacterial activity of temocillin.

The in vitro antibacterial activity of temocillin, a new penicillin, was determined in quantitative broth dilution tests, and compared with that of mezlocillin, piperacillin, cephazolin and cefotaxime. 805 clinical isolates of the Enterobacteriaceae family were tested, with temocillin exhibiting a high level of antibacterial activity against the various bacterial species, including mezlocillin-resistant strains. With the exception of Serratia marcescens, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 90% of tested strains of various species were in the range of 1 to 8 mg/L temocillin. Concentrations of 16 mg/L were required to inhibit 80% of S. marcescens strains, and some isolates were resistant. Significant differences between the MIC and MBC values were not observed. Furthermore, the pharmacokinetics of the bactericidal action of temocillin against mezlocillin-resistant strains was investigated, and killing curves showed that the compound was bactericidal at the MIC and the MBC.

Cefazolin↗
PubMed1985

[Increased incidence of listeriosis diseases in Lower Saxony, 1983].

During 1983 an unusual high incidence of listeriosis in man was observed in parts of Lower Saxony. 24 strains of Listeria monocytogenes--all serotyp 4b--were isolated from 10 newborn infants, 3 children and 11 adults suffering from meningitis and sepsis. All of the affected newborns and children recovered with antibiotic therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Prospective randomized controlled study of prophylaxis with cefamandole in high risk patients undergoing operations upon the biliary tract.

In this study, 52 high risk patients who underwent operations upon the biliary tract were assigned to receive either antibiotic prophylaxis or no treatment with antibiotics. Twenty-seven patients were given 2 grams of cefamandole intramuscularly 30 minutes before operation and 2 grams every eight hours for two days postoperatively. The remaining patients were in the control group and did not receive antibiotics. Surgical wounds were inspected daily by a surgeon while the patients were in the hospital and a follow-up revision was done four weeks after discharge from the hospital. Samples of exudate or pus were taken when the wound appeared infected and cultures of aerobic and anaerobic organism done. Chi-square affinity test with Yate's correction was used for statistical results; only p values more than or equal to 0.5 were considered significant. Seven patients (28 per cent) in the control group had complications develop postoperatively; seven surgical wound infections, one of which included a subphrenic abscess. Postoperatively, there were no septic complications in the group who received cefamandole as a prophylaxis. The incidence of infection was higher for females than males. The organisms most frequently isolated were Escherichia coli and Klebsiella; only in one instance was Clostridum sporogenes found. Polymicrobial infections accounted for 42.8 per cent of the infections. No incidences were reported with the use of cefamandole in those patients who were treated prophylactically. In view of these results, we believe that cefamandole is an ideal antibiotic to be used in the prophylactic treatment of infections of high risk patients who undergo operations upon the biliary tract.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1984

A suspension of fibrin glue and antibiotic for local treatment of mycotic aneurysms in endocarditis--an experimental study.

The finding of mycotic aneurysms creates a major problem in surgery for both active bacterial endocarditis and prosthetic valve endocarditis. The value of local treatment of such aneurysms by a suspension of fibrin glue and an antibiotic was examined in an animal study since a previous in vitro investigation had indicated that such a suspension may discharge sufficient quantities of the antibiotic for up to 12 days. In 3 groups of 6 rabbits each, the entrance to the left atrial appendage was occluded subtotally. The endothelium within the cavity thus created was mechanically injured and the tip of a thin transthoracic catheter was placed in the cavity. In all animals, aliquots of staphylococcus aureus were injected through the catheter. All rabbits developed fever, and positive blood cultures were obtained in 16. The animals in group 1 were left without treatment. All 6 animals lost weight progressively, 4 animals died from sepsis, 2 rabbits were sacrificed after 6 days. Active endocarditis was demonstrated by histology and bacteriology in each animal. In group 2, 12.5 mg cephalotin were injected via the catheter 24 hours after the infection. Four animals died from sepsis, one rabbit had a positive tissue culture, and only one animal was free of infection on postoperative day 10. In group 3, 12.5 mg cephalotin suspended in fibrin glue was injected via the catheter 24 hours after the infection. All animals survived, became afebrile and resumed gain of weight. At autopsy after 10 days no infection was detectable. We conclude that a suitable antibiotic suspended in fibrin glue may allow for the sterilization of mycotic aneurysms in bacterial endocarditis.

Aneurysm, Infected↗
PubMed1983

Electric field effects on bacteria and yeast cells.

Comparative studies were carried out describing the lethal effects of electric pulses on GRAM-negative bacteria, GRAM-positive bacteria, and yeast cells. Microorganisms are killed by the pulse treatment without visible morphological destruction. The observed survival rates are figured as functions of the field strength E and the treatment time t (pulse number X time constant) revealing three explicit parameters as sufficient to explain the kinetics of the results. These parameters are determined by the species of microorganism used and moreover depend on the physiological properties of the microbial population. GRAM-positive bacteria and yeasts were found to be less sensitive to electric pulse treatment than GRAM-negative bacteria, when low pulse numbers are applied. Treatment with high pulse numbers reveals survival rates below 1% for all microorganisms examined. Cells from the logarithmic growth phase are killed in markedly higher percentage than cells harvested from the stationary growth phase. The obtained results as well as further studies confirm the hypothesis of an electric induced selective damage of inner cell membranes.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1983

[Clinical importance of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus isolations from blood and venous catheters].

From 1980 to 1982 Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (A.c.) derived from blood cultures and venous catheters of 29 patients could be grown. 6 patients with clinical signs of Gram-negative septicemia had two or more blood cultures positive for A.c. Thus, the role of A.c. as the etiologically relevant pathogen seems to be evident. In 14 cases with clinical signs of septicemia but only one set of blood cultures positive for A.c. it is felt to be the causative agent since no other cause could be found. In 9 cases isolation of A.c. seems to be due to contamination - most likely from skin -, because neither evidence of septicemia nor relationship to the diseases present of A.c. existed.

Acinetobacter Infections↗