Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to J Pearce.
We describe a fatal case of familial hemiplegic migraine. A transient respiratory arrest in this patient led to a persistent "vegetative state," culminating in death four months later. Neuropathological findings included deep microinfarcts in the basal ganglia and a remarkable sparing of brain-stem nuclei associated with the function of respiration.
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Parkinson's disease, 'paralysis agitans', is characterized by a number of abnormalities. A similar clinical picture may be symptomatic of other disturbances: these are briefly described and the differential diagnosis is discussed.
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Forty-eight hours after undergoing a successful right carotid endarectomy a patient complained of headache in and behind the right eye radiating to the temple and forehead. The onset of headache was sudden, and the pain was severe and throbbing. After three weeks of regular four- to eight-hour attacks each day the headaches gradually became less frequent. Two months after operation they had disappeared completely. Headache as a complication of endarterectomy is rare, but typically it is vascular and subsides spontaneously in one to six months. If a predisposition to migraine were a precipitating factor many more cases would be expected. No possible explanation for for headache after carotid prearterectomy can account adequately for its apparent rarity.
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Blood osmolality was altered in guinea pigs by intravenous administration of glycerin (glycerol). After glycerin administration, serum osmolality increased rapidly, reaching a plateau within 15 minutes. Perilymph osmolality lagged significantly behind the increase of serum osmolality and equalled serum osmolality only after one hour. While perilymph osmolality responded to changes of serum osmolality, there was some time lag noted in the response of perilymph, suggesting the existence of a blood-labyrinth barrier. It was observed that this barrier is permeably to glycerin and water, suggesting the possibility of transient reduction of hydrostatic pressure in the labyrinth by the injection of an osmotic agent into the systemic circulation.
Two experiments were performed to examine the effects of intramuscular estradiol administration on the hepatic specific activities of some enzymes of lipid, carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism in the immature fowl. Estradiol increased the specific activities of the hepatic lipogenic enzymes, ATP citrate lyase and malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NADP), but had no effects on the activities of the glycolytic, gluconeogenic and amino acid metabolising enzymes except for pyruvate kinase and glutamate dehydrogenase which were reduced in activity in both experiments. The results indicate that the estrogen-induced increase in hepatic lipid biosynthesis is due to a specific effect on lipid metabolism and not to a general increase in liver metabolism.
Feeding sheep a concentrate diet compared with grass diets increased the hepatic specific activities of the three glycolytic enzymes studied, and that of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49) and reduced the specific activity of D-fructose-I, 6-diphosphate I-phosphohydrolase (EC 3.1.3.11). The specific activities of phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.43) and malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NADP) (EC 1.1.1.40) were unaffected by diet.
Two experiments were performed to investigate the biochemical changes associated with FLKS. A diet reported to induce FLKS was fed with or without supplementary biotin to broilers. In experiment 1 various stresses were applied to the birds. 2. In experiment 1 mortality from FLKS was 6% and in experiment 2 nil. Stress had little effect on the induction of the syndrome. 3. There were no significant differences due to diet in any of the variables examined in apparently normal birds. 4. Birds affected by FLKS showed the typical changes of increased liver and kidney weights and lipid contents but hepatic enzyme activities did not differ significantly from those of normal birds except that malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NADP) activity was significantly decreased. 5. Despite the low content of biotin in the unsupplemented diet (57 mug/kg) liver biotin content was not low in birds fed on this diet. 6. The results suggest that the incidence of FLKS is not related solely to dietary biotin content.
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