Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to J Pazdera.
Mandibular fractures belong to the most frequent injuries of the facial skeleton. The present study is a report on 770 patients treated from 1977 to 1986 at the Third Clinic of Stomatology with special regard to healing complications and their causes.
The author's own method, making it possible to shorten substantially intermaxillary fixation while preserving all its principal advantages, was used to treat 252 patients with fractures of the dentulous mandible. After two weeks' intermaxillary fixation 134 fractures of the mandibular body and angle were fixed with a combination of Sauer's and occlusal splints, lingual splints or periangular wires according to Petz. This method shortened the treatment of the selected group of patients by the mean one week.
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During 15 years of inbreeding of pigs (Canadian Landrace) a semi-inbred line has been developed. The inbreeding coefficient (FX) is 0.84, which theoretically corresponds to between 8-9 generations of brother/sister matings. At the highest inbreeding level (0.84) the mean number of newborn piglets in the litter was 7.2 (5 litters, n = 36) including 5 stillborn (13.8%). The mean birth weight of the litter was 8.56 kg (5 litters, n = 31) the mean piglet birth weight was 1.23 kg and at the age of 21 days the mean weight of a litter was 33.24 kg with a mean piglet weight of 5.44 kg. During inbreeding, immunogenetic alloantigenic systems were investigated. Of 15 known erythrocyte systems, alleles of loci J, K, and of the most polymorphic system E, segregated. As to other immunogenetic systems (histocompatibility, leucocyte and allotypes) 2 SLA haplotypes (major histocompatibility complex) and 2 alleles of the SLC leucocyte system segregated. Allotransplants of the skin in SLA compatible siblings survived for a mean of 50.7 days (n = 77) compared with 10.8 days (n = 29) in non-inbred siblings. Tests of blastic transformation activated by T and B lymphocyte mitogens revealed a normal cell-mediated immune response. After immunization with some cell membrane alloantigens a normal humoral response was also recorded. All tested animals were halothane-resistant and tolerated a 10-min exposure to 5% without developing malignant hyperthermia. Depression due to inbreeding was manifested by a reduced reproductive ability (smaller number of piglets, frequent incidence of gonadal hypoplasia, diminution or loss of libido).
The experimental findings with devitalization of various intestinal segments by means of devascularization showed that the isolated segments left in peritoneal cavity (together with their contents) were gradually destroyed and changed into a slight fibrous residue. The retaining of the up to 180 cm long segment did not endanger the life of experimental animals. This experience was used in the surgical treatment of inoperable tumours in left half of large intestine and in rectosigmoideum. The case report of four successful operations is given together with two cases of invagination of the devitalized part into intestinal lumen.
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Segments of the small and large intestine, of varying lengths (10-180 cm), were devascularized by simultaneously ligating the mesenteric arteries and veins. When the circulation had been cut off, the ends of the devascularized segment were both ligated, continuity of intestinal passage was renewed by forming an anastomosis and the isolated segment was left in situ, together with its contents. Contrary to accepted views, no changes leading to death (necrosis and peritonitis) occurred, but the devascularized tissue was progressively destroyed and reconstructed until, after four weeks, all that was left was a minute fibrous residue. None of 41 pigs died as a result of devascularization, including those in which large doses of pathogenic microorganisms were injected into the isolated segment. The possibility of employing this technique in the surgical treatment of inoperable tumours is discussed.
The invaginations of small intestine are being described which represent one of possible causes of intestinal ileus. In connection with multiple invaginations, a case of two intussusceptions is being mentioned, in which the peaks of invaginates are directed towards each other. At the same time four theoretically possible double invaginations are presented as well as a proposal for their distinction and indication.
Two cell membrane leucocyte alloantigens were detected in pigs by simple direct agglutination tests. Family studies showed that the locus controlling these antigens was not identical, or in close linkage, with the SLA major histocompatibility complex, SLB leucocyte locus or with the A, E, and N blood group loci. In the studied population, the locus termed SLC (Swine Leucocyte C locus) has two alleles controlling mutually exclusive antigens SLC-1 and SLC-2. The frequency of SLC1 and SLC2 alleles is 0.10 and 0.90, respectively. The antigens have not been detected on erythrocytes and thrombocytes but are well determined on granulocytes, peritoneal macrophages, mononuclears from different sources (thymus, spleen, bone marrow, lymph nodes) and enriched T and B cells from peripheral blood.
In the pigs of the Belgian Landrace breed, peroral premedication removed sensitivity to halothane. When mephenytoine had been administered four hours before testing (dose of 4 mg/kg live weight), the sensitive animals ceased to differ in their reaction to halothane from non-sensitive animals.
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Antigen-specific receptors were isolated from the surface of spleen and lymph node cells of ARS-BGG-stimulated miniature pigs using an immunoadsorption technique. The yields of the receptors can be increased by 20-hr cultivation of the cells protein-free medium prior to the isolation procedure. In this case antigen-specific molecules can be isolated not only from the surface of the cells but also from the culture medium. 125I-labelled isolated receptors were separated by SDS-PAGE into six fractions. The first corresponded to aggregated molecules and IgG, the mol. wts of the other fractions were 56,000, 35,000, 26,000 and 10,000. It has been shown that they all were able to bind antigen but only the first two reacted with anti-Ig antibodies and Staphylococcus aureus protein A-Sepharose 4B. Gel filtration of the same sample of 125I receptors on Sephacryl S-200 revealed the presence of four peaks. Three of them were able to bind antigen as detected by radioimmunoassay. Fractions of all three peaks reacted also with anti-Id and anti-R (anti-Ig- receptors) antisera, but only fractions of the first two peaks reacted with anti-Ig antisera. The finding that Ig- receptors and more heterogeneous than Ig+ receptors is discussed. No reaction of isolated 125I receptors with anti-SLA and anti-SLB antisera used was detected in the solid-phase radioimmunoassay.
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Experimental orthotopic renal allotransplantation performed in pigs allowed us to verify some techniques of ureterocystoneostomies from the urological point of view. For the reconstruction of the urinary pathways we employed anastomosis in 7 cases, and implantation of the ureter into the bladder in 3 cases, using the antireflux technique in 9 animals and the now common ureteral implantation with the terminal segment of the ureter placed in tunnel serosa in 24 animals. The results of our modification confirm the importance of peritoneal plasty of the terminal ureteral segment for the prevention of urinary fistulas. This technique seems to be applicable to reconstruction of urinary pathways in humans.