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Biomedical subjects

J Paris

Publications and source records attributed to J Paris.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Psychological determinants of a medical career.

To test the hypothesis that reparation for childhood experience is a factor in the choice of a medical career, a questionnaire was given to first year students in medicine, with first year law students as a control group. When students who chose the same occupation as their parents were eliminated from the sample, male medical students were more likely to have experienced illness in the family during childhood than male law students. Both male and female law students were more likely to have experienced legal problems in the family during childhood.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The pharmacological profile of TX 066 (17 alpha-acetoxy-6-methyl-19-nor-4,6-pregna-diene-3,20-dione), a new oral progestative.

17 alpha-Acetoxy-6-methyl-19-nor-4,6-pregna-diene-3,20-dione (TX 066) has the pharmacological profile of a pure progestogen with no side effect such as androgenic activity. Its pituitary suppressing effect is relatively weak, as is also its antiestrogenic activity. It possesses a powerful antiandrogenic effect, which, in addition to the classic uses for progestogens, may make TX 066 useful in the treatment of certain diseases such as prostatic hypertrophy or the Stein-Leventhal syndrome.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1982

[Treatment of cholesterol gallstones with ursodesoxycholic acid (author's transl)].

A double-blind clinical trial comparing ursodesoxycholic acid and chenodesoxycholic acid in patients with cholesterol stones in the gall-bladder showed that ursodesoxycholic acid was superior to the older drug not so much in percentage of biliary calculi dissolved but in dosage reduction (50%) and improved clinical and biological tolerance.

Chenodeoxycholic Acid↗
PubMed1982

Protective immunity and specificity of antibody responses elicited in cattle by irradiated Trypanosoma brucei.

The level and specificity of antibody responses elicited in cattle by irradiated non-infective Trypanosoma brucei were examined and related to the development of protective immunity. These responses were compared with those induced by infection and by inoculation with purified variable surface glycoprotein (VSG) in adjuvant. It was found that 10(7) or more irradiated trypanosomes inoculated intravenously into cattle conferred complete protection against challenge with 10(3) homologous trypanosomes 14 days later. Animals immunized with 10(6) organisms showed partial protection. Of the assays used for detection of antibody, neutralization of infectivity was slightly more sensitive than either the Farr assay or the immunofluorescence test which were both more sensitive than solid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA). Detection of specific antibody correlated with immunity, in that all animals inoculated intravenously with 10(6) or more trypanosomes developed neutralizing activity in their sera. The antibody responses after intravenous inoculation were consistently superior to those induced by the subcutaneous route. By carrying out blocking assays, most of the antibody elicited by irradiated trypanosomes was found to be specific for antigenic determinants on the VSG exposed on the surface of live trypanosomes. A similar specificity was found for the antibody induced during infection with T. brucei. Conversely, a large component of the antibody induced by purified VSG in adjuvant appeared to be directed against determinants on the VSG which are not exposed on live trypanosomes and are probably not involved in protective immunity.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Effects of bromocriptine on renin, aldosterone, and prolactin responses to posture and metoclopramide in idiopathic edema: possible therapeutic approach.

This study examines the effect of bromocriptine therapy (2.5 mg three times daily for 4-5 days) on orthostatic increases in weight, PRA, plasma aldosterone, and PRL in patients with idiopathic edema and in normal female controls. Additionally, PRA, aldosterone, and PRL responses to the dopamine antagonist metoclopramide were examined in both groups before and after bromocriptine. Edema patients demonstrated greater orthostatic weight gain and greater aldosterone and PRL responses to upright posture and isometric handgrip exercise. However, after bromocriptine treatment, these orthostatic responses were similar to those noted in normal controls. After metoclopramide administration, edema patients displayed normal PRA and aldosterone responses, but had exaggerated PRL responses. After bromocriptine, the PRL, but not the PRA or aldosterone, response to metoclopramide was greatly reduced. The PRL responses to metoclopramide were similar in edema patients and controls after bromocriptine treatment. These data suggest that there is decreased dopaminergic inhibition of aldosterone and PRL in response to upright posture in the idiopathic edema syndrome. Diminished orthostatic urinary excretion of sodium appears to be related to decreased dopaminergic tone in this syndrome. These abnormalities are largely corrected by tolerable doses of the dopamine agonist bromocriptine.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

A comparative evaluation of the parasitological techniques currently available for the diagnosis of African trypanosomiasis in cattle.

The parasitological techniques currently in use for the diagnosis of African trypanosomiasis were compared in a series of experiments for their capacity to detect Trypanosoma congolense, T. vivax and T. brucei in the blood of cattle. The darkground/phase contrast buffy coat method proved to be more sensitive than the haematocrit centrifugation technique, thick, thin and wet blood films in detecting T. congolense and T. vivax. On the other hand with T. brucei, mouse inoculation was the most sensitive method, followed by the haematocrit centrifugation technique. In a further series of experiments involving cattle infected with either T. congolense or T. vivax, the darkground/phase contrast buffy coat method was consistently more sensitive in detecting parasites than haematocrit centrifugation, capillary concentration using glycerol and miniature anion-exchange/centrifugation techniques. As well as showing superior sensitivity, the darkground/phase contrast buffy coat method allowed species identification, estimation of parasitaemia and simultaneous assessment of anaemia (packed red cell volume).

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Interference in the establishment of superinfections with Trypanosoma congolense in cattle.

To examine the influence of an established infection on subsequent challenge with another unrelated trypanosome serodeme, cattle were subjected to two challenges, 5 to 6 wk apart, with unrelated isolates of Trypanosoma congolense. The primary infection inhibited the establishment of the second infection despite the initial absence of detectable antibody to the trypanosomes used for the second challenge. This was true whether the second challenge consisted of bloodstream forms of the parasite or metacyclics from infected Glossina m. morsitans. Rechallenge with bloodstream forms resulted in a slight antibody response, which was only detectable by immunofluorescence and was much less than in the challenge controls. Although animals subjected to the second challenge by tsetse flies showed no appreciable increase in parasitemia and, in most instances, no chancre reaction at the site where the tsetse bit, they developed readily detectable neutralizing antibody to the metacyclic trypanosomes. That this interference effect was not the result of specific immunity and required an active infection was confirmed by the finding that when infected animals were treated with Berenil prior to rechallenge, they were fully susceptible to the infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Cefotaxime in digestive tract infections (author's transl)].

Cefotaxime was administered alone to 25 patients, with serious infectious diseases secondary to a gastrointestinal lesion. The largest group consisted of pancreatic and biliary infections, or infectious complication in cirrhotic patients. The daily dose was 2 or 3 g, sometime 4 g of cefotaxime. In the 15 cases where the infecting organisms could be identified: E. coli: 6, Staphylococcus aureus: 4, Klebsiella: 2, Haemophilus: 1, Proteus: 1 and Pseudomonas: 1, the pathogen was eradicated bacteriologically within two to six days after the onset of therapy. The infection was controlled in all 25 cases within 2 to 8 days even though, in 11 cases, previous antibiotic therapy had been insufficient, no complementary antibiotic treatment was associated and 8 of the cases with very severe infection were a serious problem to the intensive care unit. The use of cefotaxime is justified in the treatment of gastrointestinal infection even though pathogens are identified with difficulty in these diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Recollections of family experience in borderline patients.

To test psychodynamic hypotheses about the etiology of the borderline syndrome, female borderline patients were asked whether they remembered their mothers and fathers as having responded with approval, disinterest, or criticism to dependent and independent behaviors. Comparisons were made with a group of normal controls and with a group of neurotics and patients with personality disorders. The main finding was that borderline patients remembered their fathers as neglectful. The recollections did not support an overprotection hypothesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Psychotherapy under National Health Insurance: ten years of Canadian experience.

Canadian psychiatrists have worked under National Health Insurance since 1969-1970. The removal of the economic barrier to treatment has produced a system under which practitioners can rationally prescribe treatment for all socioeconomic groups. In particular, long-term psychotherapy is now open, in principle, to all who can benefit from it. Comprehensive coverage of psychiatric care makes clinical sense, but leaves the physician with a serious social responsibility in determining the profile of his practice.

Canada↗
PubMed1981

Intellectuality and emotionality in psychiatric residents.

The fully trained psychiatrist must be able to integrate vast amounts of phenomenological data as well as to empathically share feeling states in patients. Beginning psychiatric residents often lean either towards intellectuality or towards emotionality, tendencies which potentially reinforce splitting within the profession. Cognitive styles may correlate with neurophysiological indicators, such as hemispheric dominance and the augmenting-reducing dimension. There may also be sex differences in cognition; if so, they would have to be taken into account as more women enter psychiatric training. A theoretical understanding of individual differences in students provides a basis for the pedagogical correction of biases. Overly intellectual residents may be organically or psychodynamically oriented. In either case they favour theory over concrete experience, and there are difficulties in mobilizing their empathic capacities. Identification with empathic teachers and a focus in supervision on the perception and integration of more stimuli, especially nonverbal cues, are important correctives. Overly emotional residents identify excessively with their patients and tend to have problems with boundaries. An augmenting tendency, leading to stimulus overload, can be controlled by teaching residents how to structure and set limits. Identification with the supervisor is sided by clear boundaries in the supervisory relationship. In both cases the resident's strengths must not be denigrated while correcting his weaknesses. Examples of learning problems in both kinds of residents are given, with discussion of supervisory pitfalls.

Emotions↗