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Biomedical subjects

J Otto

Publications and source records attributed to J Otto.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Estimation of serum pancreatic isoamylase: its role in the diagnosis of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.

Using an inhibitor method, fasting levels of pancreatic isoamylase were measured in 46 healthy controls and in 218 patients undergoing a secretin-pancreozymin test for diagnostic purposes, and compared with immunoreactive trypsin (IRT). Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency was found in 82 of the patients. The specificity of both enzymes was high in patients with nonpancreatic diseases (pancreatic isoamylase: 98.5%, IRT: 96.3%). No patient with nonpancreatogenic steatorrhea had a low serum enzyme value. Sensitivity was, unfortunately, low in patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (pancreatic isoamylase: 45.1%, IRT: 41.5%) and increased only slightly when patients after an acute attack of the disease, or patients with pseudocysts or older than 60 were excluded (pancreatic isoamylase: 67.9%, IRT: 58.5%). Although highly specific, pancreatic isoamylase measurement is not sensitive enough to be used as a screening test for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency but may be used to determine the etiology of steatorrhea.

Cholecystokinin↗
PubMed1985

[Development of a questionnaire for problem solving].

Presented is the development of a measuring instrument in order to assess the problem solving ability (PLF). The PLF consists of 5 scales: a) experiencing problems, b) problem denial, c) tendency to solve problems in an unconventional way, d) dealing with the problem and e) tendency to conservative problem solving. Test-theoretical analyses are reported as well as, in greater detail, studies for test validation on various populations. High covariations can be shown especially for personality factors.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1984

Dysplastic features, growth retardation, malrotation of the gut, and fatal ventricular septal defect in a 4-month-old girl with ring chromosome 15.

A 20-day-old female neonate was admitted with symptoms caused by a large ventricular septal defect which was subsequently confirmed angiographically. Other clinical findings were pre- and postnatal growth retardation, microcephaly, dysmorphism of ears, fingers and feet. Cytogenetic analysis revealed a ring chromosome 15. Despite a palliative banding operation of the pulmonary artery, the infant succumbed to complications of her congenital heart disease in the 4th month of life.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1984

[Effect of FOY-305 on the activity and secretion of pancreatic enzymes in vitro].

FOY-305, a synthetic inhibitor of serin-proteases, shows a highly specific inhibition of the activity of purified trypsin and tryptic activity from duodenal juice in a range of 1 to 10 microM. Phospholipase A2 is only partly inhibited (40%) by much higher concentrations of FOY-305 (100 microM to 1 mM), amylase activity is not affected by either concentrations. FOY-305 did not influence CCK-stimulated amylase- and trypsin-secretion from isolated pancreatic lobules in concentrations which inhibited completely tryptic activity.

Amylases↗
PubMed1984

[Transfusion-induced acid load caused by erythrocyte concentrates in the newborn].

Erythrocyte concentrates are preferred increasingly to whole-blood transfusions in treatment of neonatal anemias. By means of their application even very important restorations of hematocrit are possible without the risk of fluid overload. A possible side-effect of these erythrocyte suspensions is a transfusion mediated acidosis, which depends on the used buffer solution, temperature and storage conditions before and during use. The case report of a preterm infant with Rh-Erythroblastosis and postpartal shock demonstrates the problem of an additional acidosis caused by the ACD-adenin stabilised erythrocyte concentrate. The impression of a transfusion mediated acidaemia is confirmed by 30 comparative pH-measurements in ACD-adenin and heparin stored erythrocytes. We conclude that erythrocyte transfusions in very ill neonates with severe disturbances of metabolism and reduced organ functions should be done with heparin erythrocyte preparations.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1984

Faecal chymotrypsin for investigation of exocrine pancreatic function: a comparison of two newly developed tests with the titrimetric method.

Two newly developed photometric assays for the estimation of faecal chymotrypsin were studied in comparison with the established titrimetric method in 46 patients and 8 healthy volunteers, who had undergone a secretin-pancreozymin test for diagnostic purposes. The correlation between the two photometric methods and the titrimetric method was good (r = 0.90 and r = 0.91), revealing similar diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. As both photometric methods are less time-consuming and may be performed using a standard laboratory equipment, they offer a good alternative to the established titrimetric method for faecal chymotrypsin estimation.

Chymotrypsin↗
PubMed1984

[Colloid osmotic pressure values of respiratory insufficiency in neonates of various gestational ages. Comparative presentation of measured and calculated values].

Colloid osmotic pressure (COP) is an important physiochemical factor in intercompartmental body fluid movements. In actual medical practise COP is notably measured in adult intensive care patients to control oncotic fluid therapy. Recent advances in oncometry technics led to rapid and accurate COP determinations also on very small sample volumes of neonatal intensive care patients. In 47 preterm and term newborns we determined during the first 9 days of life COP changes of calculated and measured values. The COP of patients with respiratory distress was compared to COP levels of newborns without respiratory problems. Until the sixth day of life preterm and term newborns with respiratory insufficiency showed significantly lower COP than normal newborns. The poorest correlation between measured and calculated COP was found in preterm infants with need of respiratory support therapy. During the whole observation period a rise of COP could be observed in all gestational age groups. This tendency should be considered before and during albumin therapy in newborns to avoid oncotic fluid overload, e.g. in a preterm infant. When volume replacement therapy is required in very young patients we advise measurement of COP as a guide to fluid selection.

Gestational Age↗
PubMed1983

Pancreolauryl test. Evaluation of a tubeless pancreatic function test in comparison with other indirect and direct tests for exocrine pancreatic function.

The sensitivity and specificity of the pancreolauryl test was evaluated in comparison with the NBT-PABA test, the estimation of fecal chymotrypsin and fat, and the secretin-pancreozymin test in 168 patients with and without pancreatic disease. The overall sensitivity rate was as follows: pancreolauryl test 90%, NBT-PABA test 86%, fecal chymotrypsin 66%. In patients with pancreatic steatorrhea the sensitivity of the pancreolauryl test was 100%, the NBT-PABA test 97%, and the fecal chymotrypsin estimation 92%. The specificity of these tests was: pancreolauryl test 97.6%, fecal chymotrypsin 87%, and NBT-PABA test 81.8%. The pancreolauryl test may be recommended as a noninvasive easy-to-perform tubeless pancreatic function test with a sufficiently high sensitivity and specificity.

4-Aminobenzoic Acid↗
PubMed1983

Esterase-17 (ES-17): characterization and genetic location on chromosome 9 of a bis-p-nitrophenyl phosphate-resistant esterase of the house mouse (Mus musculus).

Genetic variation of a new codominantly inherited esterase, designated ES-17, has been discovered in the house mouse using isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels. The ES-17 A phenotype (three bands; isoelectric points, between pH 5.55 and pH 5.90) was found in C57BL/10Sn. LP/J possessed the Es-17B phenotype (three bands; isoelectric points, pH 5.05-5.55). ES-17 was present in all tissues examined, except for hemolysate and serum, and was most clearly expressed in the small intestine. Because of its reaction toward various substrates and inhibitors, ES-17 has tentatively been classified as acetyl esterase (EC 3.1.1.6). ES-17 was shown to be controlled by the structural locus Es-17, located on chromosome 9. From test-cross data, a gene order of Es-17-8.7 +/- 2.5 map units-Mpi-1-10.2 +/- 2.7 map units-Mod-1 was established.

Acetylesterase↗
PubMed1983

Influence of secretin on the course of acute experimental pancreatitis in rats.

Inhibition of pancreatic secretion is a widely accepted therapeutical principle of acute pancreatitis. However, stimulation of water and bicarbonate secretion may be beneficial by washing out the ductular system in pancreatitis. Secretin (2 and 16 CU/kg body weight) or saline were given to rats at different time intervals after induction of sodium taurocholate pancreatitis. Pancreatic necrosis and edema were slightly more marked after secretin but secretin had no influence on the survival time and rate or enzymatic parameters. It is concluded that in the rat secretin-induced pancreatic secretion does not alter the course of acute pancreatitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

The effects of morphine, nalbuphine, and butorphanol on adrenergic function in canine saphenous veins.

Saphenous vein rings mounted in organ chambers containing Krebs-Ringer solution were used to determine if the venodilator effects of morphine, nalbuphine, and butorphanol are the result of interference with adrenergic neurotransmission or are caused by direct depressant actions on venous smooth muscle cells. Morphine (5 X 10(-5) M and 2 X 10(-4) M) caused a dose-dependent depression of the contractile response to transmural electrical stimulation. H1- and H2- histamine antagonists did not attenuate the inhibitory effect of morphine. Concentrations of morphine and nalbuphine lower than 5 X 10(-5) M had no effect, whereas 5 X 10(-6) M butorphanol significantly depressed the evoked tension response to electrical stimulation. The contractile responses of the veins to exogenous norepinephrine (NE) were not altered by morphine, indicating a presynaptic site of action rather than a direct action on the venous smooth muscle. Transmural electrical stimulation was used to evoke release of endogenous NE. Morphine (5 X 10(-5) M and 2 X 10(-4) M), nalbuphine (2 X 10(-4) M), and butorphanol (4 X 10(-6) M) significantly decreased release of NE. Naloxone did not alter NE release and did not attenuate the inhibition of NE release observed with the opiates, indicating that the effect of morphine on this neuroeffector junction is not mediated by a naloxone-sensitive opiate receptor. Blockade of presynaptic alpha receptors by phenoxybenzamine or phentolamine augments NE release caused by transmural electrical stimulation; morphine inhibited this augmentation. The results of these experiments indicate that high concentrations of morphine may decrease NE release, an effect that may contribute to the venodilation and hypotension observed following administration of high doses of morphine in humans. In the usual analgesic doses, the venodilatory effects of morphine cannot be explained by local action on either NE release or venous smooth muscle contractility.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMed1983

Does PGE2 have a beneficial effect on acute experimental pancreatitis in the rat?

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is known to have a cytoprotective effect on the gastric mucosa exposed to a variety of noxious agents. A cytoprotective effect on the pancreas in acute pancreatitis has been postulated, but available evidence is contradictory. Acute experimental pancreatitis was induced in 170 male Wistar rats by retrograde injection of 0.6 ml of 5% Na-taurocholate into the pancreatic duct. PGE2 (0.1 microgram/g rat) was given intraductally, intraperitoneally or subcutaneously before and after induction of pancreatitis. PGE2 had no effect on survival rate, enzyme levels in serum and ascites, or on morphologic damage to the pancreas.

Acute Disease↗