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Biomedical subjects

J Ono

Publications and source records attributed to J Ono.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Effects of glucose and insulin on cultured human microvascular endothelial cells.

The prolonged effects of glucose and insulin on cultured human microvascular endothelial cells from omental tissue (HOMEC) were observed to identify the contribution of sustained hyperglycemia and/or hyperinsulinemia to the pathogenesis of diabetic microangiopathy. When the cells were cultured for 10 days in Medium 199 with 100 or 500 mg/dl glucose, the number of cells was reduced to 78% in the culture of 500 mg/dl glucose as opposed to that of 100 mg/dl glucose. The difference in the number of cells between these two groups became obvious between the 5th and the 7th culture days. The replacement of D-glucose with L-glucose did not show any reduction in the number of cells, indicating the impertinence of high osmolarity, induced by high glucose (305 mOsm/kg) to the number of cells. This reduction resulted from the cellular damage during the culture period rather than the retardation of growth, according to the experiments of [3H]thymidine uptake and the 51Cr release assay. Since the uptake of glucose, measured as the uptake of 3-O-methyl-alpha-D-glucose, was higher and the Na+/K+ pump activity decreased in high glucose condition, it is suggested that the excessive intracellular accumulation of glucose caused the damage of cells through the disturbance of ion exchange. Insulin augmented the reduction in the number of cells induced by high glucose when supplemented together for 10 days at concentrations of 10(-6)-10(-12)M. The uptake of glucose increased further to 154% by the addition of insulin to high glucose as compared to that of high glucose alone, however, the decreased Na+/K+ pump activity by high glucose was restored to the control level by insulin. The aggravating effect of insulin to the cellular damage induced by high glucose seems to be mediation via the mechanism other than the decreased Na+/K+ pump activity. In conclusion, HOMEC were gradually damaged by high glucose and by insulin, and hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia would be of pathogenetic importance for diabetic microangiopathy.

Carrier Proteins↗
PubMed1990

Enzyme immunoassay of somatostatin (SS)-like immunoreactive substance in bovine milk.

A sensitive and specific enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for somatostatin (SS)-like immunoreactivity (SS-LI) was developed with the use of beta-D-galactosidase labeled antigen. The minimum amount of SS-like immunoreactive substance (SS-IS) detectable by this method was 1.0 fmol/well (25 pmol/l). The level of SS-IS in bovine foremilk was about 20 pmol/l, and the level was unchanged after delivery. On the other hand, the levels of gastrin releasing peptide (GRP)-IS and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-IS in bovine foremilk were very high, but fell during 1 week after delivery to about 10% of those in foremilk.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Computed tomography in diagnosis of diffuse axonal injury].

Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) has been described in instances of prolonged traumatic coma on the basis of the neuropathological findings, but the same findings are also found in patients with cerebral concussion. Experimental studies confirm that the quality of survivors following trauma is directly proportional to the amount of primarily injured-axon. When the injured axon lies in a widespread area of the brain, outcome for the patient is always poor. In a series of 260 severely head-injured patients, based on their poor outcome, 69 (27%) were diagnosed as DAI. Because of their relatively good outcome, eighty-two patients (32%) were classified into non-DAI group. The predominant CT finding of DAI patients was intraparenchymal deep-seated hemorrhagic lesion. This was observed in 28 patients (41%). Normal CT was also observed in 11 patients (16%). On the other hand, 8 of the non-DAI group (10%) manifested deep-seated lesions. Diffuse cerebral swelling (DCS) appeared in both groups in the same incidence. Subarachnoid hematoma in the perimesencephalic cistern (SAH (PMC] and intraventricular hematoma (IVH) were observed in 64% of the DAI group, and in 23% of the non-DAI group. The available evidence indicates that various types of hematoma seen in the deep-seated structures of the brain do not have an absolute diagnostic value, but the frequency of hematoma is thought to increase in proportion to the amount of injured-axon.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

The endocrine pancreas of alloxan-diabetic rats: microangiopathy as revealed by electron microscopy.

We studied the microvasculature of the pancreatic islet with an electron microscope using 15 alloxan-diabetic and 16 control rats. These animals were morphologically examined at 2 weeks, 1, 2, and 4 months after alloxan injection (diabetic rats) or at comparable times (control rats). Control rats were non-diabetic, either sequentially treated with glucose and alloxan (injected controls) or not subjected to any medication (non-treated controls). Body weights, plasma glucose levels, and erythrocyte glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) concentrations were also measured at intervals. All the diabetic rats exhibited retarded growth, hyperglycemia, and increases in HbA1c concentrations. The primary changes in diabetic islet capillaries can be grouped into four categories: (1) narrowing and closing of capillaries and occurrence of possible acellular capillaries, (2) formation of perivascular edema, (3) bulging and projection of endothelial cytoplasm, and (4) perivascular proliferation of collagen-like fibrils together with thickening of the basement membrane. These changes tended to worsen with diabetic duration. They are regarded as pathognomonic for diabetic microangiopathy. It is presumed that the present microvascular lesions of the islet play an important role in the pathogenesis and advancement of the diabetic state.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

The effect of prednisolone on cyclosporin-induced damage of pancreatic B cells in Wistar rats.

The combined effects of cyclosporin (CYA) and prednisolone (PSL) on the function and morphology of pancreatic B cells of Wistar rats were investigated. Four 13-day treatment groups were compared; these were the O group (olive oil alone, p.o.), the P group (PSL 3 mg/kg/day, i.m.), the C group (CYA 20 mg/kg/day, p.o.), and the PC group (PSL 3 mg/kg/day, i.m. plus CYA 20 mg/kg/day, p.o.). Glucose tolerance was equally impaired in the C and PC groups. The pancreatic insulin content in the C group was 49.7% of that of the O group, whereas that in the PC group was 81.1%. Morphometric analysis using modified aldehyde-fuchsin staining revealed that 'percent beta-granule area' in the islet was 17.5%, 15.0%, 6.5%, and 7.8% in the O, P, C, and PC groups, respectively. Ultrastructurally, pancreatic B cells in the PC group showed CYA damage; however, a significant number of B cells exhibited hypertrophy of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus, suggesting concomitant B cell hyperactivity in this group. These findings suggest that PSL does not aggravate the toxic effects of CYA on pancreatic B cells during short-term treatment; rather, it might be protective.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Serum-free culture of insulin-secreting clonal cells from a hamster insulinoma.

We experimented with a wide range of serum-free media to find the best one for culturing insulinoma cells from the Syrian golden hamster, cell line In-R1-I10. Optimum cell growth came with a mixture of equal proportions of Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium and Ham's F-12, supplemented with 10(-6) M insulin, 10 micrograms/ml transferrin, and 10(-9) M triiodothyronine (what we labeled DF-ITT medium). In addition to testing different varieties of basal media, we also experimented with different concentrations of known stimulants of cell proliferation, including transferrin, ferrous sulfate, insulin, epidermal growth factor, triiodothyronine, hydrocortisone, monoethanolamine, prolactin, proteose peptone, and selenium. Cells cultured in DF-ITT medium grew as well as those in serum-containing medium for 94 consecutive generations. Their insulin secreting capacity was maintained. The substitution of epidermal growth factor (10 ng/ml) for the insulin did not reduce either the growth rate or the insulin secreting capacity of the culture cells.

Adenoma, Islet Cell↗
PubMed1989

[Simultaneous, multiple hypertensive intracerebral hematomas: report of 5 cases and review of literature].

Five cases of multiple hypertensive intracerebral hematomas which occurred simultaneously but in different locations were described in this report. The diagnoses of all five cases were established by computed tomography, and the location of the hematomas was as follows; case 1. bilateral putamen, case 2. bilateral thalamus and right parietal subcortex, case 3. cerebellum and left thalamus, cases 4 and 5. cerebellum and right putamen. These represented 0.7% of all the patients (679 cases) who suffered from hypertensive intracerebral hematoma and were admitted to our two institutions in the last five years. We also reviewed the other 11 cases which have been reported in literature, and the total 16 cases were analyzed with respect to clinical characteristics, pathogenesis of multiple hematomas, indication of operation and prognosis. 1. The age distribution had a peak in the 70's and was similar to that of single hematoma. 2. Sixteen cases had 34 intracerebral hematomas. Eleven cases had bilateral supratentorial lesions. Four cases had cerebellar and supratentorial lesions. The remaining had two supratentorial lesions ipsilaterally. The distribution of 34 hematomas (16 in cerebral basal ganglia, 10 in thalamus, 4 in cerebellum, 4 in cerebral subcortex and none in pons) was well correlated to the distribution of usual hypertensive intracerebral hematomas. 3. The clinical symptoms were characterized by severe consciousness disturbance and severe neurological deficits. Their outcome was poor. 4. As for the possible mechanism of simultaneous multiple hemorrhages, we suspected either that two or more primary bleedings occurred simultaneously in the different regions, or that a primary bleeding was followed a short time after by a secondary bleeding in the other site.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Ultrasonic Doppler assessment of hemodynamics in extra-intracranial arterial anastomosis in children with Moyamoya disease].

Recently the extra-intracranial (EC/IC) arterial bypass operation has been introduced in the treatment of Moyamoya disease and excellent postoperative outcomes have been reported. To assess the cerebral hemodynamic changes after the bypass surgery, ultrasonic Doppler flowmetry was performed in 10 children with Moyamoya disease. Their surgical treatments included superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) anastomosis or encephalo-duro-arterio-synangiosis. The flow velocity and pattern of the major cerebral arteries and STAs, the donor artery of the bypass, were studied both before and after the operation. The results of Doppler flowmetry were compared with clinical symptoms and angiographical findings. Though the Doppler sonography of the major cerebral arteries showed little change, the flow velocity of the STAs revealed a pronounced and rapid increase after the bypass surgery. The flow pattern of the STAs, which was of the external carotid type preoperatively, changed to the internal carotid type postoperatively. These ultrasonic Doppler findings were thought to be due to a decrease in the peripheral vascular resistance, and suggested a good patency of the bypass arteries. These results of the Doppler flowmetry were in good agreement with clinical and EEG improvement and the findings of the postoperative cerebral angiography. It is suggested that ultrasonic Doppler flowmetry is a noninvasive and reliable method of assessing the function of the EC/IC bypass in children with Moyamoya disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Ultrastructural and functional studies of pancreatic B cells in Wistar rats treated with immunotherapeutic doses of cyclosporin.

Cyclosporin (CYA) was administered to Wistar rats at immunotherapeutic doses (20 mg/kg) and the functional and morphological effects on pancreatic B cells were observed. Serum CYA levels were kept in the range that is often encountered in clinical immunotherapy in humans. The treated rats had slightly elevated plasma glucose levels; on treatment days 6 and 13, their serum immunoreactive insulin and pancreatic insulin contents were low. Plasma immunoreactive glucagon levels were slightly elevated during treatment. Glucose tolerance was impaired on day 13. These functional abnormalities disappeared 2 weeks after drug withdrawal. B cells showed ultrastructural evidence of CYA toxicity, including cytoplasmic degranulation, nuclear inclusions, and cisternal dilatation of both the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus. These changes were observed on the third day of treatment and became more pronounced on the 6th and 13th days of treatment. By the second week after drug withdrawal, most of the B cells presented a normal ultrastructure. We confirmed that a dose of CYA similar to that used in clinical immunotherapy in humans produces ultrastructural disturbances in the pancreatic B cells of Wistar rats after relatively short-term administration.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Characterization of secretory responses of a glucagon-producing In-R1-G9 cell line.

The In-R1-G9 cell line is one of the clones derived from the In-111-R1 hamster insulinoma cell line and produces glucagon. The secretory responses of In-R1-G9 cells were further examined to characterize the nature of the cells. Vincristine had no effect on glucagon secretion and colchicine enhanced glucagon secretion slightly after a short incubation. Two calmodulin inhibitors, trifluoperazine and chlorpromazine, did not affect glucagon secretion. Monensin at 10(-8) M suppressed glucagon secretion by 50%. Secretion of glucagon was calcium-dependent. The addition of A23187 to the incubation medium resulted in a 180% increase over control for 1 h and calcium deprivation from the medium suppressed glucagon secretion markedly. Theophylline, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, caused a 230% increase in glucagon secretion. An experiment using cycloheximide suggested that newly synthesized glucagon appears in the medium at 30 min. This cell line should be useful for various experiments in many fields of research.

Adenoma, Islet Cell↗
PubMed1988

Portopulmonary shunt by splenopneumopexy for portal hypertension in children.

Portopulmonary shunting by splenopneumopexy was successfully performed on seven children with portal hypertension, associated with extrahepatic portal vein occlusion in six and congenital hepatic fibrosis in one. Technically, this procedure is very simple and safely performed even in infancy. No operative mortality has been encountered to date. All children with portal hypertension treated by this portopulmonary shunt are doing very well, without any disturbances in their growth. Their postoperative survival ranges from 8 years and 9 months to 17 years and 9 months. Splenic pulp pressure was reduced to a postoperative mean value of 306 +/- 40.7 mmH2O from a preoperative mean value of 402.9 +/- 35.7 mmH2O. Hemorrhages esophageal varices were completely controlled postoperatively. Postoperative liver function tests were essentially unchanged from the preoperative values.

Child↗
PubMed1988

Intravenous injection of flunitrazepam for status epilepticus in children--two case reports.

Two cases of status epilepticus are reported, whose seizures responded well to the injection of flunitrazepam. One patient had generalized tonic clonic seizures and the other had partial seizures. The improvement of their condition was confirmed by both clinical and electroencephalographic examinations. There were no serious side effects observed. Flunitrazepam might have a potential efficacy for the treatment of status epilepticus of both generalized and partial seizures.

Electroencephalography↗
PubMed1988

[In-R1-G9].

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Animals↗