Effect of pentylentetrazol (PTZ) kindling on GABAergic system: a histochemical study by staining for GABA-transaminase (GABA-T).
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4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase↗
Biomedical subjects
J Ono
Publications and source records attributed to J Ono.
Bone marrow-derived osteoclast-like cells from a patient with craniometaphyseal dysplasia lack expression of osteoclast-reactive vacuolar proton pump.
Craniometaphyseal dysplasia (CMD) is a rare craniotubular bone dysplasia transmitted in autosomal dominant or recessive form. This disease is characterized by cranial bone hyperostosis and deformity of the metaphyses of the long bones. Using osteoclast-like cells formed from patient bone marrow cells, we investigated the pathophysiology of CMD in a 3-yr-old patient. Untreated bone marrow cells from the patient differentiated into osteoclast-like cells in vitro. These cells were shown to have vitronectin beta-receptors using a specific monoclonal antibody, i.e., 23C6 (CD51), which reacts with osteoclasts in human bone biopsy samples. However, the number of these osteoclast-like cells formed from the patient's bone marrow was only 40% of the normal controls. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D3, bovine 1-34 parathyroid hormone, recombinant human interleukin-1 beta, recombinant human interleukin-6, or recombinant human macrophage colony-stimulating factor significantly increased, while salmon calcitonin significantly inhibited, the number of osteoclast-like cells. However, these cells could not resorb sperm whale dentin slices and lacked the osteoclast-reactive vacuolar proton pump as evidenced by a monoclonal antibody (E11). Western blot analysis using a monoclonal antibody to pp60c-src (327) revealed that protooncogene c-src expression by the platelets of the CMD patient was comparable to the normal control. These data suggest that: (a) the hyperostosis and the metaphyseal long bone deformity in the present CMD patient might be explained by osteoclast dysfunction due to impaired expression of the osteoclast-reactive vacuolar proton pump; and (b) a protooncogene c-src was not associated with the pathogenesis of the present CMD patient.
Blood Platelets↗
Reinnervation of intraportal islet allografts in rats.
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Acetylcholinesterase↗
[Development of pentylenetetrazol kindling model].
An ideal animal model of chemical kindling mimicking human epilepsy was developed in 28 day-old rats. Rats were given pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) 30 mg/kg, ip, once per day for 28 consecutive days; after stopping treatment for one week, the rats were retreated using the same dose of PTZ until reaching the kindled criterion. The kindled rate was 74%. The behavioral seizure and EEG discharges were synchronized. All kindled rats still kept their high seizure state after the experiments.
Animals↗
[A girl presenting clinical course and neuroimagings on MRI compatible with Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease].
A 5-year-old girl who showed congenital nystagmus and mental and motor developmental delay, is described. Auditory brainstem responses (ABR) revealed wave I at normal latency, but all of the following waves were absent. In T2-weighted images, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated diffuse high intensity area of cerebral white matter, suggesting extensive dysmyelination or demyelination. She has not shown any deterioration through her clinical course. Subsequent MRI examinations did not demonstrate a progressive disorder. These findings suggest the possibility of Pelizaeus-Merzbacher (P-M) disease in this patient, which is a rare form of sudanophilic leukodystrophy, transmitted by an X-linked recessive mutant gene. It is reported that the proteolipid protein, one of the major proteins of myelin, was absent in classical type P-M disease, resulting in dysmyelination. Because chromosomal study showed the normal female karyotype and no family history of a similar disease was found in this case, it might be different from classical P-M disease. Since P-M disease may be heterogeneous, more detailed chromosomal analysis in each case of congenital hypomyelination will give a clue to clarify the pathogenesis of P-M disease and other disorders showing failure in myelination.
Child, Preschool↗
[Clinical problems in the management of aged patients with severe head injury: analysis of neurological findings and CT findings].
Aged patients were defined as those of 65 years or more of age. Among 457 patients with severe head injury [Glasgow Coma Scale score (GCS) of 8 or less], sixty-five aged patients (14%) were analyzed with special reference to their pretreatment neurological status, CT findings and outcome in comparison with 141 (31%) of those from 40 to 64 years of age. As a cause of injury, the incidence of traffic accidents and falls and tumbles did not differ statistically in both groups. Neither did the severity (GCS score) significantly differ in the two groups. Three important neurological findings [pupillary abnormality, impaired or absent oculocephalic reflex and poor motor response (GCS motor score < or = 3)], were analyzed as the prognostic factors. Poor motor response was the sole finding that was significantly more frequent in the aged. On CT in the aged, acute subdural hematoma was most common among the extraparenchymal hematoma. Hemorrhagic lesions were the more common parenchymal lesions. On the other hand, diffuse cerebral swelling was rare in the aged. The outcome was significantly poor in the aged; only 6% had good outcome (good recovery and moderate disability), and 80% died. In conclusion, these results suggested that the poor outcome was due to severe primary brain damage added to poor brain plasticity in the aged.
Adult↗
Artificial capillaries support insulin-producing cells.
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Capillaries↗
Periodicity of insulin secretion comprises multiple cycles with different duration in perfused rat islets.
Insulin secretion from pancreatic islets has been found to be periodic by in vivo and in vitro experiments. The pacemaker which regulates the periodicity may be localized in the central nervous system or in the pancreas, though the precise location and the mechanisms of generating pacing have not been determined. In order to solve these problems, we examined the period of secretory cycles of insulin in isolated islets using a prolonged perfusion system, and investigated the effects of glucose and other agents on these periods. Isolated islets from male Wistar rats were enclosed in a millipore holder and were perfused with MEM containing 1 mg/ml glucose at a flow rate of 0.3 ml/min for 240 min. The effluent was collected at 1-min intervals to measure insulin secretion. The results were analyzed by the maximum entropy method to demonstrate the periodicity of insulin secretion. When islets were perfused with 1 mg/ml glucose, the periodicity comprised five cycles with different duration: 71.5 +/- 14.6 min, 29.8 +/- 3.4 min, 19.2 +/- 1.5 min, 11.6 +/- 2.1 min and 4.3 +/- 0.4 min. This indicates the presence of a pacemaker within the islets, although, in vivo, participation of a higher center to control periodicity has to be taken into account. Further, the presence of a long cycle (71.5 +/- 14.6 min) of insulin secretion which previously has only been observed in vivo was first demonstrated in this in vitro study. The cycles were consistent even in islets which were desensitized to glucose by cultivating in a high glucose medium for 5 days before perfusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Activity Cycles↗
Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical similarities between glomerular arteriolar and mesangial lesions in experimental diabetes.
It has thus far been speculated that plasma proteins have leaked and accumulated in diabetic expanded mesangium. We have previously shown that glomerular arteriolar hyalinosis has frequently occurred and has consisted of basement membrane-like extracellular matrix in alloxan diabetic rats. In the present study, the two diabetic glomerular lesions, arteriolar hyaline nodules and increased mesangial matrix, were comparatively evaluated by means of electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. It was revealed that both of these lesions contained, in common, finely particulate extracellular matrix mingled with cytoplasmic fragments, and exhibited intense immunoreactions for IgG and IgM. It is indicated that both types of diabetic glomerular lesions are essentially of the same nature.
Animals↗
Similarity of the constituents between glomerular arteriolar and mesangial lesions in experimental diabetes.
In our previous studies in experimental diabetic rats, we have observed close similarities of ultrastructure and accumulation of IgG and IgM between the mesangial expansion and arteriolar hyalinosis of the glomerulus, and have presumed that both diabetic lesions are essentially of similar nature. In the present study, we carried out a further study on the constituents of both these lesions, using the PA-TCH-SP-PD technique for neutral carbohydrates, sialic acid and glycoproteins and the IgG-gold-silver technique for type IV collagen and fibronectin. The above staining and immunolabelings proved to be comparable in both lesions of diabetic glomerulopathies. This argues for the hypothesis of the identity of the two lesions.
Animals↗
Serial magnetic resonance imaging studies in a case of late onset globoid cell leukodystrophy.
The late onset type of globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD) is a rare disorder and only three magnetic resonance imaging (MR) studies have been reported for this disease. We report a sporadic case of late onset GLD. The illness started at the age of 3 years and 8 months with spastic gait. He became bedridden at the age of 4 years and 7 months. The diagnosis was made by deficient activity of galactosylceramidase in lymphocytes, and the biochemical and morphological examinations of the biopsied sural nerve were also conducted. Computed tomography (CT) and MR study revealed that the degenerative change of the white matter was initially recognized in the occipital and parietal lobes and then extended forward. Literature of the CT or MR findings of GLD is also reviewed.
Biopsy↗
Pharmacokinetics of clonazepam in developing rats.
Time-concentration studies of clonazepam (CZP) were performed in 7-, 14-, and 28-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats. Blood samples and brains were collected at specific intervals following a single subcutaneous (SC) injection of 2.5 mg/kg of CZP. CZP concentrations were measured both in plasma and brain samples by high performance liquid chromatography. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using R-Strip for each age group. The results were compared between the age groups and with those of a similar study in our laboratory using lower dose CZP (1 mg/kg) SC injections in adult Sprague-Dawley rats. Younger rats had slower, delayed and higher peak concentrations, larger areas under the curve (AUC), longer elimination half lives (T1/2), smaller volumes of distribution (Vd) and slower clearances (C1). 28-day-old rats showed the fastest C1, smallest AUC and largest Vd. These data suggest that the pharmacokinetic behavior of CZP is age-dependent. If this is true in human, it is implicated in dosing of neonatal or pediatric patients.
Age Factors↗
The stimulatory effect of PDGF on vascular smooth muscle cell migration is mediated by the induction of endogenous basic FGF.
The migration of arterial smooth muscle cells from the media to the intima is a crucial event for the development of the atherosclerotic lesion, and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) is thought to play an important role in this process. Here we report that the spontaneous migration of bovine smooth muscle (BSM) cells is dependent on endogenously produced basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). PDGF stimulates the migration of BSM cells and its effect is abolished by affinity purified anti-bFGF antibody. PDGF induces bFGF mRNA in BSM cells. These results indicate that the effect of PDGF on the migration of BSM cells may be mediated by the induction of endogenous bFGF.
Animals↗
Effects of injection interval on pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) kindled seizures in rats.
We investigated the effects of different injection intervals, (24 hr, 48 hr, and 72 hr) on the development of kindled seizures induced by repetitive pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) injections (30 mg/kg) in rats. Regardless of injection interval, kindled seizures were obtained 1 week after the completion of consecutive PTZ injections. This PTZ kindled seizure model appears to mimick generalized seizure and be useful in the investigation of seizure phenomenon. With 48 and 72 hr injection interval, the seizure responses gradually increased with consecutive injections. The convulsive severity of 24 hr interval group showed a transient increased and then stabilized at a low score (2/6). This difference between these injection interval might reflect the appearance of some short of inhibition during the more closely spaced (24 hr) repeated injections.
Animals↗
[An adult case of the left coronary artery anomalously originating from the pulmonary artery (BWG syndrome), demonstrating remarkable improvement in postoperative thallium-201 myocardial imaging].
Stress thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy were performed in a 44-year-old female with BWG syndrome before and after aorto-coronary bypass surgery. Preoperative stress thallium-201 studies demonstrated anterior reversible perfusion defect and posterior persistent defect. But postoperative studies demonstrated no defects in both areas. These data suggest that preoperative anterior defect was due to transient myocardial ischemia, but the finding of posterior persistent defect wasn't due to infarction or scarring. Thus, stress thallium-201 myocardial imaging provided useful informations to clarify the myocardial perfusion patterns pre- and postoperatively.
Adult↗
[Evaluation of CT-guided stereotactic hematoma aspiration in mild cases with putaminal hemorrhage].
Reported here is the effectiveness of surgical management in mild cases with putaminal hemorrhage (neurological grading 1 or 2, described by Kanaya, et al.). Ten cases were treated by CT-guided stereotactic hematoma aspiration (aspiration group), and another 10 cases were treated by only medical therapy (conservative group). The mean interval from the onset to operation was 7.2 days. In both groups, serial change in the motor function of the upper extremity was examined and the neuropsychological function was also evaluated at 2 weeks after onset. Perifocal low-density area around the hematoma was estimated on CT scan at 2 weeks after onset. Mean hemispheric cerebral blood flow (mCBF) was measured at 5-days, 2 weeks and 6 months after onset, respectively in each group. The activity of daily life (ADL) was evaluated at 6 months after onset. There was no statistically significant difference in age, neurological grading and CT findings on admission between the 2 groups. At 2 weeks after onset, no case had deteriorated in motor function in the aspiration group. On the other hand, 2 cases had deteriorated in the conservative group. The neuropsychological function was considerably improved in the majority of cases in the aspiration group. Perifocal low area was significantly narrow on CT scan in the aspiration group. At 2 weeks after onset, the mCBF of the affected side was 53.8 +/- 6.0 ml/100g/min in the aspiration group, whereas it was 42.0 +/- 5.7 ml/100g/min in the conservative group. This difference was statistically significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Basal Ganglia Diseases↗
[Prognostic value of spectral analysis of electroencephalogram in patients with severe head injury].
To determine the prognostic value of electroencephalogram (EEG) in patients with severe head injury, fifteen adult patients were examined for three months after trauma. All patients (age: 16-74 years old) remained comatose (Glasgow Coma Scale: less than 8) for more than 72 hours. Ten out of 15 cases were surgically treated. Barbiturates were not used in any patient for the sake of controlling the increased intracranial pressure. Three months after trauma, the clinical outcome of each patient was evaluated using Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOOD: good recovery/moderate disability, POOR: severe disability/persistently vegetative/dead). EEG was examined repeatedly for 3 months after trauma; 56 EEG recordings were performed on 15 cases. Each EEG recording was never for less than 12 hours and EEG was recorded from the bilateral parietal electrodes. Using EEG TREND MONITOR (NIHONKODEN), the spectral analysis of EEG was performed in five frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha-1, alpha-2, beta) and the EEG power of each frequency band was shown as the percentage of total EEG power (% FREQ BAND). The findings of each % FREQ BAND was classified into the following four groups. 1) slow-monotonous: The EEG power was comprised invariably and almost exclusively of low frequency bands (i.e. delta and theta), and the "slow-fast constant" which is the power of slow waves (delta and theta) divided by the power of fast waves (alpha-1, alpha-2, and beta) was stable.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adolescent↗
[A case of hypertrophic cranial pachymeningitis].
A case of hypertrophic cranial pachymeningitis was reported. A 58-year-old female presented the symptoms of headache and vomiting. At the age of 27, she had suffered from tuberculosis. Neurological examination on admission revealed bilateral papilledema, bilateral hearing disturbance, right hypoglossal nerve palsy, ataxic gait, and bilateral intentional tremor. CT scan showed dilatation of the lateral and third ventricles, and compression of the fourth ventricle with marked enhancement of cerebellar tentorium. A ventriculoperitoneal shunt was installed bringing about improvement in bilateral papilledema, ataxic gait, and bilateral intentional tremor. One month later, ataxic gait and bilateral intentional tremor recurred, and monoparesis of the left upper extremity developed. MRI demonstrated hypertrophic dura mater in the posterior fossa and compressed cervical spinal cord. Decompressive surgery was performed bringing about remarkable clinical improvement. The pathological specimen showed thickening of the dura mater with concentric layers of dense fibrous tissue infiltrated with plasma cells. A diagnosis of hypertrophic cranial pachymeningitis was established. Three years later, the clinical features were found unchanged, but contrast enhancement of cerebellar tentorium had progressed markedly. Hypertrophic pachymeningitis is a uncommon disease. But it should be noted that intracranial involvement is very rare. The etiology, symptomatology, neuroradiology, and treatment are discussed and the literature is reviewed.
Dura Mater↗