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Biomedical subjects

J Ono

Publications and source records attributed to J Ono.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

A case report of congenital hypomyelination.

A 3 year, 11 month-old Japanese male with congenital hypomyelination is described. Clinical features are delay of motor development, generalized muscle hypotonia and weakness, absent tendon reflexes due to peripheral neuropathy, and normal mental development. Electrophysiologically, nerve conduction velocities could not be measured. Histological examination of the right sural nerve revealed total of absence myelin of most of the myelinated fibers. Electronmicroscopically, there was a concentric network of lamellae formed by double-layered sheets of basement membranes with fragments of Schwann cell cytoplasm around the myelinated fibers, so called "onion-bulbs". These peculiar features were similar to those in the cases reported by Lyon, (1969); Kennedy et al., (1977); Karch et al., (1975); and Anderson et al. (1973).

Biopsy↗
PubMed1982

Surgical aspect ot cystic dilatation of the bile duct. An anomalous junction of the pancreaticobiliary tract in adults.

Twenty-two cholangiograms of adults with congenital dilatation of the common bile duct were studied and analyzed. Diagnosis of this disease was established by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography in nine patients, by percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography in two patients, and by operative cholangiography in 11 patients. All patients, except one with Caroli's disease, were classified as type I according to Alonso-Lej. An anomalous junction of the pancreaticobiliary ductal system (AJPBDS) was observed in 15 cases. In nine patients the common bile duct joined the main pancreatic duct, and in the remaining six patients, the pancreatic duct was noted to join the common bile duct. These anomalies are considered to be an important etiologic factor in the development of choledochal dilatation. Total cyst excision and hepaticojejunostomy in a Roux-en-Y fashion is recommended as the procedure of choice in those cases with AJPBDS. This is based on the high incidence of cholangitis and the high propensity to induce malignancy of cystic wall following simple drainage.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Hematoporphyrin derivative and laser photoradiation in the treatment of lung cancer.

Photoradiation therapy (PRT) was performed in 13 lung cancer cases and in one case of severely atypical squamous metaplasia following administration of hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD). The HpD is activated by visible red light (630 nm, 90 to 400 mW) from an argon dye laser. The cytocidal effects were due to the activation of the HpD, since 400 mW of power has in itself no effect on normal epithelium, even with long-term exposure. HpD is retained longer by malignant tissue than by normal tissue. Therefore, the lesions were irradiated with the red laser beam, delivered by a quartz fiber inserted through the instrumentation channel of the fiberoptic bronchoscope, 48 hours or more after intravenous injection of 2.5 to 4.0 mg/kg of HpD. A total of 14 cases received PRT. In one, two small, smooth-surfaced, squamous cell carcinoma tumors in the right B2b of a 74-year-old man who had refused surgery disappeared three days after HpD-photoradiation, and the patient remained disease-free 16 months after the treatment. In 12 cases of centrally located lung cancer local effects were obtained in all. However, there was no significant improvement in survival, attributable to the fact that all were advanced-stage cases. One patient with severely atypical squamous metaplasia requested treatment, and complete disappearance of metaplastic atypic was obtained.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Fiberoptic bronchoscopic laser photoradiation for tumor localization in lung cancer.

Hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD) administration and laser photoradiation were combined to clarify the system's clinical applicability in localizing lung cancer tumors. It was used in 16 cases of lung cancer and in one case of severely atypical squamous metaplasia. Tumors were irradiated 48 hours after intravenous injection of 2.0 to 4.0 mg/kg HpD and fluorescence observed. Fluorescence was seen in 13 lung cancer cases in the case of squamous metaplasia, but results were negative in three of the cases of lung cancer. Among the positive cases was one of occult cancer and two invading the trachea, difficult to recognize by conventional fiberoptic bronchoscopy, as was the severely atypical squamous metaplasia. In the three lung cancer cases not fluorescing, the tumors were obscured by blood, necrotic tissue, or normal mucosa. The method holds promise in the diagnosis of malignant tumors. Nevertheless, it needs further refinement and more studies to elucidate definitive differentiation between malignant and severely atypical, nonmalignant tissue.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Production of anti-rat islet cell surface antibody in guinea pigs.

Anti-rat islet serum was prepared in guinea pigs by multiple subcutaneous inoculations of rat islets homogenates emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). The anti-rat islet serum was cytotoxic against rat spleen cells in the presence of complement and the nonspecific antibodies were observed with homogenates of rat livers and spleens. After absorption, the serum lost the cytotoxicity against the rat spleen cells yet showed specific cytotoxicity against the rat islet cells. The binding capacity of anti-rat islet antibody was determined by the indirect immunofluorescence test using FITC conjugated rabbit anti-guinea pig IgG serum. As the guinea pig anti-rat islet serum contained anti-insulin antibody, the role of this antibody in this cytotoxic activity and surface immunofluorescence was studied. However, the anti-insulin antibody used as the control showed neither cytotoxicity nor surface immunofluorescence. After neutralizing the anti-insulin antibody in the antiserum with insulin, the serum remained cytotoxic to the rat islet cells and a surface immunofluorescence appeared. These data show that specific anti-rat islet cell surface antibody can be produced in guinea pigs by multiple inoculations of rat islets homogenates with CFA.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Reversibility of bronchial cell atypia.

Various degrees of cellular atypia were induced in the bronchial epithelium of dogs by means of repeated submucous 20-methylcholanthrene injections. Thereafter, the 20-methylcholanthrene treatment was stopped, and the outcome of the bronchial cell atypias in individual dogs was studied using cytomorphological and cytochemical methods. The results suggest that the various degrees of 20-methylcholanthrene-induced cellular atypias, including those cytologically interpreted as malignant, may reflect reversible cellular alterations which disappear after removal of the carcinogen. Similar observations were made in a group of cigarette smokers who, after malignant-appearing cells were observed in the sputum material, stopped smoking or significantly reduced their cigarette consumption.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

The cellular stimuli for the rejection of established islet allografts.

Previous work from our laboratory has indicated that the transplantation of pancreatic islets is a feasible approach to the problem of diabetes. A major obstacle to transplantation is presented by passenger leucocytes, which contaminate the preparations and can lead to the prompt rejection of fresh islets. We have extended our previous studies on the rejection of islet allografts by challenging transplanted animals with enriched lymphoid cell populations prepared from animals both syngeneic to the transplanted islets and third party. Rapid and complete rejection was observed when the challenge peritoneal exudate cell population was syngeneic with the transplanted islets; rejection was determined by both functional and histologic criteria. Peritoneal exudate cells from a third-party rat strain induced delayed and variable effects upon the function of the transplant. In contrast, splenic T-cells were capable of inducing rejection, regardless of the strain of origin, though the time course of T-cell-induced rejection was slower than that observed by syngeneic peritoneal exudate cells. Finally, splenic B-cells completely failed to induce rejection. Our data indicate that at least two mechanisms exist by which the rejection of islet allografts may be triggered. The first is a haplotype-specific mechanism initiated by a cell type present at high frequency in peritoneal exudate cells; these are probably macrophages. The second mechanism is initiated by immunocompetent T-cells; this mechanism shows no haplotype specificity. We suggest that both macrophages and T-cells must be considered when devising protocols for the removal of passenger leucocytes from allografts.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Posterior inferior cerebellar aneurysm in the fourth ventricle.

The authors report a very rare case of ruptured aneurysm in the fourth ventricle. This aneurysm arose at the elongated supratonsillar segment of the right posterior inferior cerebellar artery and successful clipping was carried out after splitting the lower vermis.

Cerebellum↗
PubMed1980

[The human stapedius reflex by ipsilateral electrical stimulation of the auditory meatal skin (author's transl)].

A modified method for eliciting a stapedius reflex by electrical stimulation of the meatal skin is presented. In contrast to the acoustically elicited stapedius reflex, the electrically-induced response is only ipsilateral, and can be ablated by anesthesia of the meatal skin. Contralateral acoustical and ipsilateral electrical stimulations lead to a summation effect of the amplitude off the stapedius reflex. When presented simultaneously, subthreshold electrical and acoustical stimulations may produce a reflectory contraction of the stapedius muscle. Similar responses can be found in diseases of the middle ear and the facial nerve. The method described is not difficult to perform, is painless to the patient, and can be used objectively in neurotologic testing.

Auditory Threshold↗
PubMed1979

Long-term culture of pancreatic islet cells with special reference to the beta-cell function.

Islet cells of adult rat pancreas, dissociated with EDTA-Dispase, were cultivated in Microtest wells for over 2 months. In our cultures, islet cells were free-floating and cohered with each other to reorganize histotypic aggregates resembling the nondissociated islets. Morphologically, excellent preservation of islet cells in the aggregates was confirmed during the culture using both light and electron microscopy. The function of islet beta-cells, as demonstrated by the synthesis and release of insulin, also was retained throughout the culture period. Islet beta-cells cultured for long periods exhibited better response to the short-term stimulation of theophylline than to a high concentration of glucose, as observed in the islets of fetal or newborn rat pancreas.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

A longitudinal study of tryptophan involvement in hepatic coma.

Previous cross-sectional studies have demonstrated that hepatic coma is associated with abnormally high levels of plasma free tryptophan. Establishment of a more definitive relationship between this biochemical abnormality and hepatic coma requires an evaluation of biochemical changes in individual patients as they undergo alterations in the function of their central nervous systems. The present report is an evaluation of tryptophan and substances believed to influence its entry into the brain in six patients whose clinical status progressed from hepatic coma to complete recovery. Consistent significant decreases in plasma free tryptophan and free fatty acids were demonsrated to occur as the patients recovered. No consistent changes, however, were found in the plasma levels of the amino acids which have been reported to compete with tryptophan for transport across the blood-brain barrier, except for leucine which was significantly decreased in all six patients upon recovery from coma. Assay of lumbar cerebrospinal fluid for both tryptophan and the serotonin metabolite, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), showed no consistent changes as the patients recovered from hepatic coma.

Adult↗