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Biomedical subjects

J Olofsson

Publications and source records attributed to J Olofsson.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

DNA ploidy in oral cavity carcinomas, with special reference to prognosis.

Single-cell DNA cytofluorometry was performed on paraffin-embedded tissue of 140 patients with squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity. Half of the tumors (71 of 140) were DNA nondiploid. Well-differentiated carcinomas were more often DNA diploid than moderately well-differentiated ones (P less than 0.001; chi-square). The aneuploid tumors responded better to preoperative radiotherapy than did the DNA diploid (P less than 0.001) and polyploid tumors (P less than 0.05; chi-square). Using the multivariate Cox's regression analysis multiploid type tumor, age of the patients and presence of lymph node metastases were the only significant factors influencing survival. DNA diploid tumors in stages I and II had a better prognosis than DNA nondiploid (P less than 0.01; Kaplan-Meier). The reverse was true for stages III and IV, where DNA nondiploid tumors had a better prognosis (P less than 0.05; Kaplan-Meier). Tumor stages (P less than 0.001; Kaplan-Meier) and especially lymph node metastases (P less than 0.0005; Kaplan-Meier) were major prognostic factors. Tumor DNA ploidy may be a complement to clinical and morphologic parameters as a prognostic predictor in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Changes in tonsillar tissue in early HIV-1 infection and during 3 years of antiretroviral therapy.

Tonsillar tissue from individuals in the early stages of HIV-1 infection was studied during the natural course of infection and during antiretroviral therapy with and without a protease inhibitor in order to investigate markers of clinical progression and evaluate the effects of therapy. Tonsillar biopsies and blood samples were collected at regular intervals during 3 years and clinical observations were noted. Tonsillar morphology was evaluated and the fragmentation of the follicular dendritic cell network was quantified by standardised follicular fragmentation rate (FR) analysis. Lymphocyte subsets were phenotyped by flow cytometry, and viral load was calculated by limiting dilution assay. The FRs were higher in the HIV-1-infected individuals than in the uninfected controls, although tonsillar tissue from both groups contained follicular fragmentation. During HIV-1 infection, the FR increased and the tonsillar CD4/CD8 ratio declined. During maximum viral suppression, FR approached that of controls while tonsillar T cell subsets and blood CD4 cell counts normalised. Even when virus suppression was incomplete, tonsillar improvements were observed in parallel with a resolution of the HIV-1-related dermatological disorders. However, persistent viral replication paralleled distortion of the tonsillar architecture. We suggest that a normalisation of the lymphoid tissue may have important functional and clinical implications in HIV-1 infection.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

High prevalence of influenza specific antibody secreting cells in nasal mucosa.

Secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) provides the first line of defence against pathogens initiating infection via the mucosal route, e.g. the influenza virus. The aim of this study was to examine the basal level of influenza-specific antibody-secreting cell (ASC) in the local mucosa of the upper respiratory tract. Nineteen patients scheduled for tonsillectomy were enrolled for the study, and they had not experienced influenza during the previous year. Tonsils, blood, oral fluid and a nasal biopsy were sampled, and the basal levels of ASC and antibodies (Abs) were determined. We found low numbers of influenza-specific ASC in the blood and tonsils, but there were about 10-100 times higher numbers of specific ASC in the nasal mucosa tissue despite no recent influenza exposure. Thus, the basal level of influenza-specific ASC in the mucosa of the respiratory tract may be important in the protection against influenza infection.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

In vivo levels of prostaglandin F2 alpha, E2 and prostacyclin in the corpus luteum of pregnant and pseudopregnant rats.

Prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) is a well-known luteolytic factor in the rat corpus luteum. To investigate a possible luteal origin of PGF2 alpha, measurements of this prostaglandin were performed in different luteal tissues in vivo. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and the stable metabolite of prostacyclin, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, were assayed simultaneously. Corpora lutea of different ages from 57 pregnant and pseudopregnant rats (mated with sterile males) were rapidly excised, dissected in 0 degree C indomethacin solution, homogenized, and extracted for prostaglandins with solid-phase extraction cartridges. Prostaglandins were determined by radioimmunoassay. Plasma levels of progesterone and 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone were also monitored. In the adult pseudopregnant rat model, luteolysis occurs at Day 13 +/- 1, and maximal levels of all three prostaglandins were detected on Day 13 of pseudopregnancy: 0.40 +/- 0.02, 2.6 +/- 0.29, and 1.76 +/- 0.24 pmol/mg protein (mean +/- SEM, n=7) for PGF2 alpha, PGE2, and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha respectively. In pregnant rats, on the corresponding day, levels were considerably lower: 0.15 +/- 0.02, 0.90 +/- 0.13, and 0.50 +/- 0.06 pmol/mg protein (mean +/- SEM, n=9, p less than 0.0001), respectively. Luteal levels in pregnant rats showed a continuous decline on Days 13 and 19 for all prostaglandins measured, whereas in pseudopregnant rats an increment of PGF2 alpha was noted between Days 7 and 13 and remained high on Day 19. PGE2 closely followed levels of PGF2 alpha, but at a 5- to 10-fold higher level. The coefficient of correlation between PGF2 alpha and PGE2 in the luteal compartment of both models was 0.87 (p less than 0.0001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Esophageal dysfunction in patients with contact ulcer of the larynx.

Vocal abuse is the best-known etiological factor in contact ulcer. Other factors, such as hiatus hernia and gastroesophageal reflux have been discussed. A 12-year study of 58 male patients (mean age 52 years) with present or previous contact ulcers, is reported. Forty-three patients were investigated with esophageal function tests, ie, esophageal manometry including pH monitoring, acid-perfusion test, and acid-clearing test. Esophageal dysfunction was found in 74% which is significantly higher than the 30% found in the general population.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A scanning microscope study of vocal cord carcinoma.

A scanning electron microscope study of cell surface topography in squamous cell carcinoma of the vocal cord has demonstrated characteristic changes. The malignant cells showed an irregular surface pattern with an abundance of microvilli-like structures of different sizes and shapes. In addition, the contact between the malignant cells was reduced. Normal vocal cord cells were closely associated and had a smooth surface with microridges.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The DNA content and nuclear size in normal, dysplastic and carcinomatous laryngeal epithelium. A spectrophotometric study.

The aim of the present study was to obtain a more objective evaluation of nuclear hyperchromasia and polymorphism in laryngeal epithelium. The method is based on a photometric assay of nuclear size and DNA content in Feulgen stained slides. The DNA content of hyperchromatic nuclei should exceed the mean for nuclei of normal epithelium by more than twice the standard deviation. In comparison with lymphocytes (2N) the DNA content in hyperchromatic nuclei corresponds to 3.3 N. The mean DNA contents of normal, dysplastic and carcinomatous laryngeal nuclei were 69, 71 and 118 A.U. The mean nuclear area for normal, dysplastic and carcinomatous epithelial cells were 48, 41 and 73 micrometer2. The higher the degree of atypia displayed by the cells the greater was the variability of the DNA content and the nuclear size. The investigation shows that the method may provide a more objective basis for evaluating hyperchromasia and polymorphism.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Photometric evaluation of laryngeal epithelium exhibiting hyperplasia, keratosis and moderate dysplasia.

Photometric examination of vocal cord epithelia disclosed no difference in the nuclear DNA content or nuclear area of normal and keratotic laryngeal epithelia. For 2 out of 3 epithelia displaying hyperplasia the values were slightly elevated. There seem to be no morphologic or photometric grounds for considering either hyperplasia or keratosis to be premalignant. Eight patients with moderate dysplasia were selected; 3 with and 5 without subsequent development of severe dysplasia or carcinoma in situ. In all 8 cases the DNA values were not increased, but in 6 there was an increased variation about the mean. There were no morphologic or photometric differences between the epithelia subsequently developing severe dysplasia or carcinoma in situ and those that did not. The 3 patients developing severe dysplasia or carcinoma in situ were then followed for 112, 27 and 106 months and showed no evidence of invasive carcinoma. The other 5 patients with moderate dysplasia were followed for 48 to 123 months without any sign of recurrent disease. There are no photometric grounds for considering moderate dysplasia as a precancerous lesion. Long-term investigation is required to ascertain the risk that carcinoma in situ or invasive carcinoma will develop in patients with laryngeal hyperplasia, keratosis and moderate dysplasia.

Cell Nucleus↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Scanning electron microscopy of vocal cord hyperplasia, keratosis, papillomatosis, dysplasia and carcinoma.

The vocal cord fine surface structure was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the observations related to the light-microscopical (LM) findings after embedding and cutting. The SEM micrographs were assessed using a rating system based on 7 parameters. The proportion of "normal" and "abnormal" SEM areas varied within the respective histologic groups. There was, however, a significant difference between the SEM ratings in the group with hyperplasia-keratosis, with or without mild dysplasia, compared to the groups with severe dysplasia-carcinoma in situ and invasive squamous cell carcinoma. In the small number of cases with moderate dysplasia and juvenile laryngeal papilloma, the SEM ratings displayed pronounced disparity.

Carcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nasal cuboidal metaplasia with dysplasia. Precursor to adenocarcinoma in wood-dust-exposed workers?

The histological study of the non-tumours nasal mucosa in 22 wood-workers with ethmoidal adenocarcinoma was carried out and special attention was paid to the presence of cuboidal metaplasia with or without dysplasia. The workers had been exposed to wood dust for an average of 38 years (range 18 to 55 years). In 19 cases cuboidal metaplasia was found and 16 of these also had dysplasia. In 10 cases there was a transitional zone with dysplastic cuboidal epithelium in continuity with the tumour. In 5 cases there was squamous metaplasia. The results indicate cuboidal metaplasia with dysplasia being a possible precursor to nasal adenocarcinoma in workers exposed to wood dust, similar to the findings of squamous metaplasia and squamous cell carcinoma in nickel workers.

Adenocarcinoma↗