Biomedical subjects

J Olofsson

Publications and source records attributed to J Olofsson.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources

PubMed1979

Irradiation-induced tumours of the head and neck.

Though irradiation-induced tumours are uncommon they represent a well defined entity. At this Hospital, 14 "irradiation-induced" head and neck tumours were encountered in 11 patients over a 10-year period. The irradiation had been given for tuberculous lymph-adenitis in 6 of the patients, for lupus vulgaris in one, and thyrotoxicosis in another; the other 3 patients had received radiotherapy for malignant tumours. The interval between the treatment and the diagnosis of the tumour disease ranged from 9 to 48 years (mean 32). The induced tumours included 10 squamous cell carcinomas of the hypopharynx (4 tumours), the buccal mucosa (3), the skin (2), and the larynx (1), one poorly differented carcinoma of the parotid gland, 2 thyroid carcinomas and 1 fibrosarcoma of the stenocleidomastoid muscle. Three of the patients had multiple tumours. In view of the risk of cancer--albeit a small one--associated with radiological diagnosis and radiotherapy, these should be performed only on strict indications, especially in young patients.

Aged↗

PubMed1979

Amyloidosis of the larynx.

Amyloidosis of the larynx is a rare disease, accounting for less than 1% of all benign laryngeal 'tumours'. Three cases of this type of lesion are reported--one of the vocal cord, one of the false vocal cord and one of the subglottis and trachea. In 2 of the patients the amyloidosis was localized, while the third was later found also to have an epipharyngeal solitary plasmacytoma with amyloid deposits and in addition amyloidosis of the nasal cavity. However, the amyloidosis in this patient may still be regarded as being localized, as the clinical examination and laboratory tests afforded no evidence of generalized disease. Amyloidosis of the larynx may be manifested as a localized tumour or as a diffuse infiltration. The symptoms and signs will, of course, depend on the site of the amyloid deposit. When the vocal cords are involved hoarseness may result, and this was the most prominent sign in the present cases. The treatment of laryngeal amyloidosis is primarily by endoscopic excision. Amyloid substance has specific staining properties. The Congo red reaction with a green birefringence in polarized light and Phorwhite BBU using fluorescence microscopy are regarded as the most reliable staining reactions. Electron microscopy has revealed a typical fibrillar structure of amyloid.

Aged↗

PubMed1978

Juvenile laryngeal papilloma displaying malignant degeneration--a spectrophotometric investigation.

Spontaneous malignant degeneration of juvenile laryngeal papilloma in the absence of radiotherapy is exceedingly rare, and few such cases have been reported. The patient reported here, now a woman of 48, has been suffering from recurrent juvenile laryngeal papilloma since she was 13. During the last six years the papillomas have displayed increasing atypia and have spread to the trachea and the bronchus of the right inferior lobe. Recent specimens from the trachea are strongly suggestive of micro-invasive squamous cell carcinoma. The slides from various periods have been reviewed and submitted to spectrophotometric examination to determine the nuclear DNA content and area. For the purpose of comparison, measurements have also been performed on normal squamous vocal cord epithelium, on two juvenile papillomas without atypia, and on one "adult papilloma" with severe atypia. The nuclear DNA absorbance recorded in the patient in question was initially comparable with those for the typical juvenile papillomas and the normal epithelium. The values for the later specimens with increasing atypia, especially those from trachea and bronchus, resemble more closely those for the "adult papilloma" with severe atypia. The results of the spectrophotometric examination are closely consistent with the histological findings.

Bronchial Neoplasms↗

PubMed1978

Hyposensitization in allergic rhinitis--a comparison of aqueous extracts and Allpyral by means of rhinomanometry.

Fifty-six patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis were hyposensitized with aqueous extracts (23 patients) and Allpyral extracts (33 patients). The clinical course was appraised objectively on the basis of rhinomanometry findings at examinations performed before hyposensitization and one year later. There was no essential difference between the two groups of patients as regards the relief of symptoms. A reduction of nasal congestion was recorded in 54 and 58% of the patients, respectively. Complications were less severe and less frequent in the Allpyral group.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1977

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the larynx: a report of four cases and a review of the literature.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (cylindroma) is a well-recognized tumor that is frequently encountered in the major salivary glands, the lacrimal glands and in the minor salivary glands of the oral cavity and upper respiratory tract. Only 60 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma have been described arising in the larynx. Four new cases are reported and the literature is reviewed. In the larynx, these tumors arise almost exclusively in the subglottic and supraglottic regions--areas having large numbers of seromucinous glands of the minor salivary gland type. These malignant tumors, whether occurring in the larynx or elsewhere, tend to grow quite slowly with prolonged non-specific symptomatology and protracted clinical course. Despite their slow growth, in a majority of cases, they eventually lead to the death of the patient.

Adult↗

PubMed1977

Preoperative facial paralysis in malignant parotid tumours.

Preoperative paralysis of the facial nerve was found in 145 of 1,029 patients with malignant parotid tumours (14%) treated at nine university clinics in Scandinavia. The incidence of facial paralysis varied between the different clinics. A parellelism between the incidence of the facial paralysis and the impairment of the prognosis of the different tumour types is shown. The presence of preoperative facial nerve paralysis in malignant parotid tumours implies a very poor prognosis but the situation is not as hopeless as has been suggested and therefore one must rely on very radical surgery.

Adenoma↗

PubMed1977

Radiology and laryngoscopy for the diagnosis of laryngeal carcinoma.

A comparison is made of the radiologic and clinical findings in 51 patients with laryngeal carcinoma. The radiologic methods comprised conventional films, tomography and laryngography; the clinical examination technique included microlaryngoscopy and the use of a 90 degrees optical instrument. Laryngography was found to be superior to the other two radiologic methods, for the delineation of the tumors. Radiology should be performed before laryngoscopy and biopsy.

Adult↗

PubMed1975

Specific features of laryngeal carcinoma involving the anterior commissure and the subglottic region.

The anterior commissure may be a line or an area with the same vertical extension as the vocal cords anteriorly. If it is an area it may laterally be bounded by the "maculae flavae". The subglottic region includes the under surface of the vocal cords corresponding to the mucosa covering the conus elasticus and the mucosa inferiorly to the lower border of the cricoid cartilage. Serial sectioning has proved that the weak spot of the laryngeal framework is the anterior midline as far as early tumor invasion of cartilage and extension of tumor outside the larynx through the cricothyroid membrane is concerned. Despite many unfavorable anatomico-pathological points at this site, radiotherapy gives at least as good results as those reported with conservative (voice conservation) surgery. Primary subglottic carcinomas are rare. In a series of 110 serially sectioned laryngectomy specimens only four were classified as subglottic. These tumors possess specific characteristics: an extensive circumferential growth, cartilage invasion, and spread outside the larynx through the cricothyroid membrane, to trachea or to the hypopharynx. Twenty-four tumors were classified as glottic-subglottic. Three of these invaded the thyroid cartilage and seven spread outside the larynx through the cricothyroid membrane. Vocal cord fixation occurred in all four subglottic and in six of the glottic-subglottic tumors. The thyroarytenoid muscle was most freqeuntly invaded. Thyroid gland invasion did not occur in any of the subglottic tumors. A metastatic focus of tumor was observed in one lobe of the thyroid in the glottic-subglottic group. Two neck dissections were performed in the subglottic group and one of these contained a metastatic carcinoma. Eleven neck dissections were performed in the glottic-subglottic group and three contained metastatic tumor.

Follow-Up Studies↗

PubMed1975

Radiologic-pathologic correlations in laryngeal carcinoma.

Radiological examinations are a prerequisite for accurate assessment of laryngeal tumors, especially when contemplating partial (voice conservation) surgery. The clinical assessments and preoperative radiographs from five cases have been compared with the histologic findings in whole organ serial sections of the laryngectomy specimens. These studies demonstrated both the accuracies and the deficiencies of the present clinical and radiologic examination methods. The mucosal extension of tumor is accurately assessed by a combination of direct laryngoscopy and radiography. The latter mainly gives information concerning the vertical extent of tumor, especially contrast laryngography. Xeroradiography may give additional information. Deep invasion of tumor with cartilage destruction and spread outside the larynx is often not assessable preoperatively. Circumferential and symmetrical lesions may be missed radiologically as much of the interpretation is based on asymmetry. New methods must be developed to assess the deep invasion of tumor. The necessity of a close liaison between the laryngologist, radiologist, and clinical pathologist is stressed.

Aged↗

PubMed1975

Techniques in microlaryngoscopic photography.

A microlaryngoscopic photographic technique is described similar to that technique advocated by Kleinsasser. This technique is an uncomplicated routine method, which can be adopted by anyone using the Zeiss surgical microscope. With a relaxed, intubated patient, alignment of the optical axis of the microscope with the central axis of the laryngoscope, and with careful focusing, using the over-changed (9.5 A, 7.6 V) 6 V 50 W bulb, shutter at 22, magnification of 16 or 25, and with 1/4 second exposure time, and the Kodak Ektachrome HS film (125 ASA), the result should be satisfactory.

Humans↗

PubMed1975

Research policies related to laryngeal cancer in clinical departments of Scandinavian universities.

This review covers ongoing and planned research projects in Scandinavian university ENT facilities concerning laryngeal carcinoma. Scandinavia (Denmark, Finland, Sweden, Norway and Iceland) has a population of fewer than 22 million, and therefore each department has only a few patients with laryngeal carcinoma per year. Clinical surveys of therapeutic results were the most commonly performed investigation. Many departments are interested in cytostatics alone or in combination with radiotherapy. Histopathological classification and malignancy grading of laryngeal carcinoma with multifactor analysis, diagnosis and treatment of precancerous conditions, and whole organ serial sectioning occupy some departments. Etiological factors, diagnostic problems, and postoperative functional disturbances are other fields of interest. Immunology and experimental animal research are both studied to a lesser extent. A very great interest exists for inter-regional and inter-Scandinavian joint projects, which may hopefully become a reality after this survey.

Female↗

PubMed1974