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Biomedical subjects

J Olofsson

Publications and source records attributed to J Olofsson.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Redistribution of ovarian blood flow after injection of human chorionic gonadotropin and luteinizing hormone in the adult pseudopregnant rat.

It is well known that LH and human CG (hCG) induce an increase in total ovarian blood flow. The effect of LH/hCG on luteal blood flow, however, is unknown. This work studies the effect of hCG on both luteal and ovarian blood flows at different stages of pseudopregnancy in adult female rats. Pseudopregnancy was induced by mating with sterile male rats. The length of pseudopregnancy was 13 +/- 1 days and, during this time, blood flow was measured by the injection of radioactive microspheres during anesthesia. At autopsy, the corpora lutea were identified and extirpated under a stereomicroscope. These, and the remaining ovary, were then counted for radioactivity and the blood flow was calculated. Progesterone levels were determined in plasma and ovarian tissues. Furthermore, the responsiveness of adenylate cyclase was tested in ovarian tissues at day 6 of pseudopregnancy. An intraarterial injection of hCG (50 IU) or vehicle (saline) was given 20 min before the blood flow determinations in anesthetized rats. The luteal blood flow was not changed by hCG on days 2, 6, and 11 of pseudopregnancy, whereas in the remaining ovary the blood flow increased more than 2-fold, thereby resulting in redistribution of the blood flow. Ten micrograms of NIH-LH-B9, tested at day 6 of pseudopregnancy, mimicked the effect of hCG. At day 6 of pseudopregnancy, hCG (50 IU) was given ip to conscious rats 200 min and 24 h before blood flow determinations. At 200 min after hCG there was a more pronounced redistribution of ovarian blood flow with a 45% reduction in luteal blood flow and a 4-fold increase in flow through the remaining ovary. LH as well as hCG doubled the progesterone content of the remaining ovary. In the corpora lutea an increased progesterone content was seen after 200 min of hCG exposure. At 24 h after hCG injection, all parameters had returned to control levels except that adenylate cyclase was nonresponsive. The increase in the total ovarian blood flow coincides with the increased steroidogenesis and these effects are likely due to release of metabolites and/or vasoactive substances. Despite this increase, the blood flow of the corpus luteum was not increased rendering vascular mechanisms unlikely as a part of the acute LH/hCG effects on corpus luteum of pseudopregnancy.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1987

Preoperative irradiation in oral cavity carcinoma. A study with special reference to DNA pattern, histological response and prognosis.

The relation between DNA pattern and response to preoperative radiotherapy was studied in 51 patients with oral squamous cell carcinomas operated 4 weeks after irradiation. Small tumors (T1 and T2) showed more pronounced response to radiotherapy than larger ones (T3 and T4), as did DNA aneuploid tumors. Eight of 11 DNA aneuploid tumors showed no remaining tumor in the operation specimen, compared to 6 of 21 DNA polyploid and 2 of 19 DNA diploid tumors. None of 16 patients without demonstrable remaining cancer in the operation specimen had local recurrence. The presence of lymph node metastases was the most important prognostic factor.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed1986

DNA-measurements on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded squamous cell carcinomas from different ENT-regions.

DNA measurements were performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded squamous cell carcinomas, using the method of Hedley et al. Ultrasonication was sometimes necessary after enzymatic disintegration to dispose of residual cytoplasm. The isolated nuclei were stained with Hoechst 33258. DNA measurements were performed using a rapid system for static fluorometry (FLUORA-programme). The method proved to be highly accurate. The mean CV of the stem cell peaks from different tumours was 5.3. There was no difference between material less or more than 5 years old (mean CVs 5.2 and 5.5 respectively). RNase treatment had no effect and was therefore not considered necessary. The proliferative activity was calculated by computer assuming a rectilinear distribution of S-phase cells. Because routinely paraffin-embedded material can be used, DNA analysis can be performed on tumour material where the clinical outcome is known, in order to evaluate certain DNA variables.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1986

DNA measurement--an objective predictor of response to irradiation? A review of 24 squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity.

DNA measurements on biopsy material from 24 squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity given preoperative radiotherapy indicate that DNA aneuploid tumours respond better to radiotherapy than do diploid and polyploid tumours. The mean S-phase value was higher (16.1%) for 8 tumours that were eradicated by preoperative radiotherapy than for 13 that did not respond (8.1%). These factors correlated better with the response than did histological and clinical (T) classifications. DNA-ploidy and S-phase estimation can complement the histological diagnosis, and may prove valuable when planning treatment.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1986

Hypertetraploid cells in vocal cord epithelia.

DNA measurements yield information about the nature of cells and may provide diagnostic and prognostic information. Static cytofluorometry was performed on smears removed at microlaryngoscopy from 107 vocal cord lesions (96 patients). All stem cell lines were diploid except 3; 2 carcinomas and 1 severe dysplasia were polyploid. The mean proliferative activity (percentage of nuclei greater than diploid peak) was 2.1% for the group of epithelia with hyperplasia and mild dysplasia, 3.1% for those with moderate dysplasia, 4.0% for severe dysplasia, and 6.8% for carcinomas. Hypertetraploid cell nuclei (HT cells) were not found in epithelia with hyperplasia and mild dysplasia. Seven out of 15 patients with epithelia showing moderate dysplasia had HT cells; 5 of these patients developed a carcinoma. One of 8 without HT cells developed a severe dysplasia. Nine patients with severe dysplasia had HT cells; 4 had recurrences and 4 developed carcinoma within 4 years. In 14 patients without HT cells, 3 had recurrences and 1 developed a carcinoma 6 years later. HT cells were found in 15 patients with T1 & T2 carcinomas; residual carcinoma was present in 2 after radiotherapy and 4 had recurrences within 11 months. Fourteen patients with T1 & T2 carcinoma did not have any HT cells; one had residual carcinoma after radiotherapy and 3 had recurrences between 18 months and 4 years. DNA measurements and, especially, the demonstration of epithelia with HT cells prove to be of prognostic importance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Cervical lymph node metastases with occult primary.

Patients with cervical metastases from an unknown primary tumour present both diagnostic and therapeutic problems. Twenty patients with a metastatic lesion in the neck, in whom the primary tumour was not found despite extensive, diagnostic procedures, were treated in the Department of Otolaryngology, Linköping University Hospital, during a 14-year period (1971-1984). Since 1975 tonsillectomy has been performed regularly on the affected side as a part of the diagnostic procedure. Eight patients without any clinical signs of a tonsillar primary have been diagnosed to have carcinoma by tonsillectomy and careful examination of the serially sectioned tonsillectomy specimen. The diagnosis of the metastatic nodes was based on histopathological examination in 8 patients and on fine needle aspiration cytology in 12. Four of 9 patients with squamous cell carcinoma survived 3 years and so did 4 of 5 with anaplastic carcinoma. All 5 patients treated surgically are alive and 6 of 12 who were irradiated. Ten of 12 patients with mobile unilateral nodes (N1) were alive at follow-up after 1-13 years but only 3 of 8 patients with fixed nodes (N3) at follow-up of 1-3 years.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Guanylate cyclase activity in normal and neoplastic squamous epithelia from the upper aero-digestive tract.

Cyclic nucleotides (cAMP, cGMP) are suggested to participate in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation. Guanylate cyclase is the enzyme which catalyzes the synthesis of cGMP. The basal guanylate cyclase activity was slightly higher in well-differentiated squamous cell carcinomas than in normal mucosa, but was two-fold higher in papillomas. Poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma did not show any increased basal activity. Stimulation with nitroprusside (NP) resulted in a 20% increased activity for normal mucosa and a 30% increase for poorly differentiated carcinomas, whereas enzyme prepared from well-differentiated squamous carcinomas and papillomas showed a two-fold increase.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1986

Thyroid tumors invading the larynx and trachea.

Thyroid tumors may involve the airway. Eight patients with such invasion are reported; five with invasion of the larynx and three of the trachea. The symptoms varied: five of the eight patients had stridor and hemoptysis, one had hoarseness, and two had no symptoms at all. Endoscopic and radiologic examinations were performed in all patients including computed tomography in six. Six patients underwent total thyroidectomy and two patients, one with paraganglioma and one with hemangiopericytoma, had a hemithyroidectomy. Three patients had a total laryngectomy, one a partial laryngectomy and one a laryngofissure procedure. Tracheal resection was performed in two patients and one had laser excision of the endotracheal tumor involvement. Three patients received postoperative external irradiation. Six of the eight patients are alive with follow-up of 39 to 85 months.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Multiple primary malignancies in patients treated for laryngeal carcinoma.

Multiple primary malignancies were found in 32 of 295 consecutive patients (10.8%) treated for carcinoma of the larynx. Synchronously developing second primary lesions were found in four patients while metachronously presenting lesions were diagnosed in 28. Second and third primary tumors were most commonly found in the larynx (11 patients, all with extralaryngeal index lesions) and lung (11 patients). The results of this retrospective study confirm the high incidence of multicentric neoplasia in the upper aero-digestive tract, lungs and esophagus. The rationale for including broncho-esophagoscopy in the evaluation of patients with laryngeal index tumors is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The single breath N2-test predicts the rate of decline in FEV1. The study of men born in 1913 and 1923.

The single breath N2-test and spirometry were carried out on two occasions 7 years apart in 460 men, 50 and 60 years old and sampled from the general population. We analyzed the relationship between the rate of decline in FEV1 during the follow-up and the steepness of the slope of phase III at the start of the study. The results showed an association between an increased rate of decline in FEV1 during the follow-up period and a steep slope of phase III at the start of the study, allowing for age, smoking habits and FEV1 at the start of the study (p less than 0.001). An increase in the slope of phase III from e.g. 1.0 to 4.0% N2/l in moderate smokers was found to predict an increase in the rate of decline in FEV1 by 50%.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Aspects on laryngeal cancer based on whole organ sections.

Whole organ sectioning of laryngectomy specimens has been applied since quite a few years to increase our knowledge of the histopathological behavior of laryngeal carcinoma. The laboratory techniques have been successively refined with shortening of the processing time and with improved histological results. The larynx may be cut in the coronal, sagittal or in the transverse plane, which has become more actual for comparison between computed tomograms and histopathological findings. The growth and spread of laryngeal cancer is determined by the site of origin. Glottic carcinomas often invade the thyroid cartilage in the anterior commissure area and extend outside the larynx through cartilage or by extending subglottically and then through the crico-thyroid membrane. More extensive glottic carcinomas with supra- and/or subglottic extension may spread laterally through the crico-thyroid space. This way of spread is very characteristic for tumors surrounding the laryngeal ventricle--"transglottic carcinomas." Supraglottic carcinomas show a high tendency to invade the pre-epiglottic space. Despite an advanced size they tend to be confined to the supraglottic region, but may especially when ulcerated extend down to the glottic region in the anterior midline. Primary subglottic carcinomas are rare but tend to be advanced when diagnosed, having a circumferential growth with extension up into the vocal cord muscles. They may invade the laryngeal framework and spread outside the larynx through the crico-thyroid membrane. By using the whole organ sectioning technique we have gained further knowledge of the strength and weaknesses of our clinical and radiological diagnostic methods and we have a possibility to compare the radiographic findings with the histopathological sections.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Glottis↗
PubMed1985

Complications in neck dissection.

Complications following 186 neck dissections in 171 patients are reported. Major surgical complications occurred after 8 neck dissections; minor surgical after 52 and medical complications after 13. Preoperative radiotherapy did not seem to influence the complication rate. 16 of 21 patients with recurrences in the neck had extranodal spread histologically. 76% of the recurrences occurred within a year and proved fatal in nearly all patients. Preservation of the spinal accessory nerve did not increase the recurrence rate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Adenocarcinoma of the ethmoid sinuses. A review of 28 cases with special reference to wood dust exposure.

Adenocarcinoma makes up only a small percent of all nasal and paranasal sinus carcinomas, and is most often found in the ethmoid sinuses. Adenocarcinoma of the ethmoid sinuses is known to be associated with exposure to wood dust. Twenty-eight patients with ethmoid adenocarcinomas were collected, mainly during the last decade from a region with approximately 900,000 inhabitants and with a large amount of furniture industries. There were 4 women and 24 men in the study. Twenty of the men were exposed to dust from hardwood for 20 to 55 years (mean, 40 years) which is in accord with other reports and supports data on the increased risk for workers of developing adenocarcinoma of the ethmoid sinuses when exposed to dust from hardwood. Radiologic diagnosis is necessary to delineate the extent of these tumours, and computerized tomography (CT) especially furnishes important information. Most patients received preoperative radiotherapy followed by surgery, 50% of them survived 5 years, which is in accord with other reports.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

Paraganglioma involving the larynx.

Paraganglioma is a rare tumor in the upper respiratory tract. More than 30 paragangliomas have been reported arising in the larynx but only a few in the trachea. The organoid arrangements of the cell nests reproduce the classic 'Zellballen' of the normal gland. Neurosecretory granules can be seen at electron microscopy. Angiography may be a valuable diagnostic adjunct. Malignant degeneration may occur. The 44-year-old woman reported had a dumbbell-shaped tumor involving the subglottic larynx but with its largest portion outside the larynx and within the left lobe of the thyroid gland. The tumor may very well have arisen from the inferior laryngeal paraganglia. An important differential diagnosis is hemangiopericytoma, which was the preoperative diagnosis in this case. A laryngectomy including the left lobe of the thyroid gland was performed and there is no sign of local recurrence or metastases 7 years after operation.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Cholesterol granuloma of the maxillary and frontal sinuses.

5 cases of cholesterol granuloma are described, 3 within the maxillary sinuses and 2 within the frontal sinuses. The lesions arise from the mucosa and can be recognized on plain films and tomograms of the sinus as opacity, sometimes resembling a mucocele. Radical operation seems to give absolute cure without any recurrence. The pathogenesis is hemorrhage and/or filtration. The closed cavities of the paranasal sinuses provide favorable conditions for cholesterol to become dissociated from the lipoprotein complex and to precipitate and to give rise to a granulomatous reaction.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Photometric studies on nuclear DNA content and area in different laryngeal epithelia.

A photometric study of different laryngeal epithelia was performed. The nuclear DNA content and area for epithelia with keratosis, hyperplasia, and moderate dysplasia were comparable to normal. These lesions cannot therefore be considered to be premalignant photometrically. The photometric values for carcinoma in situ and severe dysplasia were comparable to that for invasive carcinoma. Long-term follow-up has to be performed to evaluate the biological significance of these different lesions.

Cell Nucleus↗
PubMed1983

Juvenile laryngeal papilloma: histologic and photometric evaluation of atypia.

Juvenile papillomas are the most common proliferative laryngeal lesion in children. Atypia may be present but is difficult to interpret owing to the basically benign character of the lesion. A histologic and clinical classification of 23 cases of juvenile laryngeal papillomas was performed following the criteria suggested by Quick and co-workers in 1979 and intended to enable the clinical course to be more accurately predicted. The various histologic types of papillomas were characterized by single-cell microdensitometry. The photometric study verified the increase in the relative width of the proliferative zone with the degree of atypia. Severe atypia was the only histologic type associated with hypertetraploid nuclei. The frequent occurrence of mild atypia was unrelated to the clinical course. The moderate and severe degrees of atypia were more common during periods of relatively frequent operations. Severe atypia was rare but in one patient it heralded the development of invasive carcinoma.

Adolescent↗