Biomedical subjects

J Olofsson

Publications and source records attributed to J Olofsson.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources

PubMed1990

Effects of hysterectomy and uterine decidualization on in vivo levels of prostaglandins in the corpus luteum of adult pseudopregnant rats.

A possible role of the uterus in regulating content of luteal prostaglandins (PGs) was investigated. Pseudopregnancy was induced in adult virgin female rats by mating them with vasectomized male rats. On Day 5 of pseudopregnancy, decidualization of the uterus was induced or hysterectomy was performed. As controls, intact pseudopregnant animals with a luteal phase of 13 +/- 1 days were used. Measurements of in vivo tissue levels of PGF2 alpha, PGE2, and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha were performed by RIA after homogenization and extraction procedures in CL of pseudopregnancy and remainder of ovaries on Days 5, 13, and 19. Serum levels of progesterone and 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone were determined by RIA. In hysterectomized animals, PGF2 alpha levels increased 2.5-fold in corpora lutea on Day 13 compared with levels on Day 5 of pseudopregnancy, but were still lower than in control rats undergoing functional luteolysis on Day 13. Decidual-tissue-bearing rats exhibited low levels of PGF2 alpha on Day 13 of pseudopregnancy. On Day 19, when luteolysis had occurred in decidual-tissue-bearing and hysterectomized rats, as judged by plasma levels of progestins, luteal content of PGF2 alpha was elevated to a similar level as that in control animals undergoing functional luteolysis on Day 13. When data pooled from control, decidual-tissue-bearing and hysterectomized rats were analyzed, a highly significant inverse correlation (r = -0.72, n = 46, p less than 0.001) between luteal PGF2 alpha content and ratio of plasma progestins was found.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗

PubMed1990

Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. A review of 176 cases with application of malignancy grading and DNA measurements.

This retrospective study comprised 176 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity treated at The Linköping University Hospital over a 19-year period. Clinical parameters, microscopic malignancy grading (according to Jakobsson et al. and Glanz and Eichhorn), DNA cytofluorometry, analysis of therapeutic modalities and statistics regarding survival and prognosis are reported. The mean age was 70 years with a male: female ratio of 1.3:1 One hundred and four patients had T1 or T2 tumours and 109 an N0 neck. Cervical lymph node metastases were more frequent in patients with larger tumours (T3 + T4) than in those with smaller (T1 + T2) (P less than 0.01), in tumours with a high malignancy grading compared to those with a low (P less than 0.05) and in DNA non-diploid tumours compared to diploid ones (P less than 0.001). The aneuploid tumours responded better to preoperative radiotherapy than did diploid (P less than 0.01) or polyploid (P less than 0.05) tumours. Eighty-nine per cent of the recurrences occurred within 1 year of initial therapy. Secondary treatment was successful in 15 of 37 (41%) patients in whom the tumour recurred either at the primary site or in regional lymph nodes, but only in 1 of 8 (12%) with recurrences in both locations. Surgery alone or combined with radiotherapy resulted in equivalent survival rates for tumours in stages I and II. In advanced stages combined radiotherapy and surgery gave better survival figures than either modality alone (P less than 0.01; Kaplan-Meier). The presence of lymph node metastases (P less than 0.001), tumour size (P less than 0.01) and tumour ploidy (P less than 0.005) were the only clinical and histological parameters that significantly influenced survival (Cox regression analysis). Twenty-four patients developed a secondary primary malignancy; 21 of these were located in the aerodigestive tract.

Aged↗

PubMed1990

Inhibitors of lipoxygenase increase the ovulation rate in the in-vitro perfused luteinizing hormone-stimulated rabbit ovary.

In order to determine whether leukotrienes, products of the lipoxygenase pathway, are involved in ovulation, pairs of rabbit ovaries were treated with the lipoxygenase inhibitors nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) and caffeic acid (CA) while being perfused in vitro. The control ovaries from each rabbit received luteinizing hormone (LH) (1.5-2.25 micrograms ml-1) while the contralateral ovaries were treated with LH + NDGA (100 microM) or LH + CA (100 microM). The numbers of ovulations from both the LH + NDGA- and LH + CA-treated ovaries were significantly higher (P less than 0.05) than from their respective LH-stimulated controls. Treatment with NDGA alone in the perfusate did not cause any ovulation, while CA alone caused one ovulation from one of six ovaries perfused. Ovarian tissue levels of prostaglandins after 7 h of perfusion with LH + NDGA or with LH alone showed that, in five of the six ovaries perfused in this group, the tissue levels of PGE2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and PGF2 alpha were higher in the presence of NDGA. The mean differences were significant (P less than 0.05) for prostacyclin but not significant (P greater than 0.05) for PGE2 and PGF2 alpha. Our interpretation of the findings is that, when used for blocking the lipoxygenase pathway, NDGA and CA increase the substrate availability for the cyclo-oxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism, resulting in a net increase in prostaglandins. The increased ovarian levels of prostaglandins, especially prostacyclin, may cause the observed increase in ovulation rate. Consequently, although the leukotrienes may be involved in the mechanism of ovulation in the rabbit, their effects appear to be less pronounced than those of prostaglandins.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Protein kinase activities in neoplastic squamous epithelia and normal epithelia from the upper aero-digestive tract.

In the present study the activities of three different protein kinase were determined in squamous cell carcinoma from the upper aero-digestive tract, and compared with the activities in normal oral mucosa. The protein kinases investigated are: a) cAMP-dependent protein kinase; b) cGMP-dependent protein kinase, and c) casein kinase II. The basal protein kinase activity, when histone IIa was used as substrate, was about 3-fold higher in tumors, as compared to normal mucosa, in the soluble fraction (32.0 +/- 4.2 and 10.9 +/- 2.4 pmol 32P/mg prot. X min, respectively). In the particulate fraction the basal protein kinase activity was about 9 times higher in tumors as compared to normal mucosa (19.4 +/- 5.2 and 2.1 +/- 0.3 pmol 32P/mg prot X min, respectively). The protein kinase activity in the presence of cyclic nucleotide (cAMP/cGMP) minus the basal protein kinase activity was taken as the cAMP- and the cGMP-dependent protein kinase activity, respectively. Maximal protein kinase activity was obtained in the presence of 0.5 microM of cyclic nucleotide both in squamous cell carcinoma and normal mucosa. In the cytosolic fraction the cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity was 33.9 +/- 13.0 pmol 32P/mg prot. X min in tumors, and 28.2 +/- 5.8 pmol 32P/mg prot. X min in normal tissue, after stimulation with 0.5 microM cAMP. The cGMP-dependent protein kinase activity was 5-10% of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity, and no concentration-dependent stimulation with cGMP was seen. The cGMP-dependent protein kinase activity in the presence of 0.5 microM cGMP was 2.4 +/- 1.3 and 1.8 +/- 0.6 pmol 32P/mg prot. X min in tumors and normal mucosa, respectively. Casein kinase II activity was determined only in the cytosolic fraction and was found to be 3-fold higher in tumors as compared to normal mucosa (31.8 +/- 5.2 and 8.6 +/- 3.5 pmol 32P/mg prot X min, respectively). This study shows a general increase in histone phosphorylation and casein kinase activity in neoplastic squamous epithelia compared to normal epithelia. No evidence for an increase in cyclic nucleotide dependent protein kinase activities in neoplastic squamous epithelia was found. This study thus supports the idea that phosphorylation/dephosphorylation reactions may play an important role in the control of cell growth, differentiation and proliferation.

Aged↗

PubMed1989

[A long waiting time for radiotherapy. Not acceptable for patients with neoplasms].

Radiotherapeutical resources in Norway are inadequate, which was further verified in this retrospective study of 73 patients with cancer of head and neck. The average duration of symptoms before the first ear-nose-throat examination was 153 days, and it took about 10 days after the examination to get the diagnosis. An unacceptably long time (mean 30 days) elapsed between the decision on therapy until the radiotherapy was initiated. There is no doubt that radiotherapy departments in Norway need better resources.

Appointments and Schedules↗

PubMed1989

Spindle cell carcinoma of the larynx.

The clinicopathological features of 14 laryngeal neoplasms consisting of spindle-shaped cells are presented. Light microscopy showed a variety of morphological patterns from that of pleomorphic sarcoma and fibrosarcoma to more loose vascular patterns. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the spindle-shaped cells had a positive keratin immunoreactivity in 8 of 14 cases, and also that some cases had a dual expression of keratin and vimentin filaments. Electron microscopy showed that spindle-shaped cells had epithelial ultrastructures. The results support the hypothesis that the spindle cell carcinomas are true carcinomas with mesenchymal metaplasia and that the spindle-shaped cells are part of the neoplasm and not benign, reactive fibroblasts. These lesions occurred mainly on the true vocal cords in elderly patients. The neoplasms were nearly all polypoid, and many also ulcerated. There is no significant difference in clinical behaviour between laryngeal spindle cell carcinomas and ordinary squamous cell carcinomas of the larynx, and the same treatment policy is therefore advocated. Being polypoid and therefore able to be surgically removed with relative ease, they may even present a more favourable clinical course.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

Changes in corpus luteum content of prostaglandin F2 alpha and E in the adult pseudopregnant rat.

Conflicting reports exist regarding the source of luteolytic PGF2 alpha in the rat ovary. To assess the quantities of different PGs, measurements of PGF2 alpha, PGE and PGB were performed by radioimmunoassay in the adult pseudopregnant rat ovary throughout the luteal lifespan. Ovaries of 84 rats were separated by dissection into two compartments, corpora lutea of pseudopregnancy and remainder of ovary. Tissue samples were homogenized and prostaglandins extracted and determined by radioimmunoassay. During the mid-luteal and late-luteal phases, levels of PGs were significantly higher in the corpora lutea of pseudopregnancy than in the remainder of ovary. An increase of PGF2 alpha-content in the corpus luteum was registered with peak-levels of 53.9 +/- 8.5 (mean +/- SEM, N = 18) ng/g tissue wet weight at day 13 of pseudopregnancy. PGE-levels reached peak-values at day 11 of pseudopregnancy (271.6 +/- 28.4 ng/g w w, mean +/- SEM, N = 12). PGB-levels were below detection limits in all compartments for all ages studied. The present study demonstrates increased availability of PGF2 alpha in the corpus luteum during the luteolytic period, and points toward either increased luteal synthesis or luteal binding of PGF2 alpha during the luteolytic period.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

Titanium-coated hollow screw and reconstruction plate system (THORP) in mandibular reconstruction.

Clinical results are presented which have been obtained from mandibular reconstruction with the Titanium-coated Hollow Screw and Reconstruction-Plate system (THORP) in 7 selected patients. In 3 of the patients primary bone grafting was performed with simultaneous implantation of titanium fixtures for dental reconstruction. The reconstruction-plates have shown excellent functional stability with no failures, such as loosening of screws, within an observation period up to 2 1/2 years. The system was submitted to immediate full functional loading despite the limited number of 2-3 fixation screws for each end of the plate. Among several technical advantages of the system are the possibility of lingual plate application and reconstruction with a three-dimensionally free, adjustable condylar prosthesis.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

Expression of low molecular weight cytokeratin proteins in laryngeal dysplasia.

In twenty-three cases of laryngeal dysplasia frozen mucosal strips were examined with four monoclonal and one polyclonal keratin antibody. The expression of specific keratin polypeptides was studied in different degrees of dysplasia with regard to the subunits expressed in normal and carcinomatous laryngeal epithelium in the same patient. An alteration in the expression of the subunits of cytokeratin in favour of low molecular weight polypeptides takes place in the transformation of normal epithelium to squamous cell carcinoma. This alteration seems to occur at an early stage and is present already in mild dysplasia. The results suggest that with a suitable antibody dysplastic laryngeal epithelium can be distinguished from normal epithelium, and also on some cases, mild dysplasia from more severe degrees of dysplasia. CAM 5.2, which identifies lower molecular weight cytokeratin proteins (50, 43 and 38 kD), is such an antibody, and can be a valuable diagnostic aid in the histological interpretation of laryngeal dysplasia.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMed1988

Hormonal influence on utero-ovarian blood flow distribution in the mid-luteal pseudopregnant rat.

Uterine and ovarian blood flows and ovarian fractional perfusion were measured in adult rats anaesthetized with sodium pentobarbital i.p. on day 6 of pseudopregnancy, by using radioactive microspheres. Fifty i.u. human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was found to increase the fractional perfusion of the ovary, and this was at least partially accomplished at the expense of the uterine blood flow, since this was reduced. Noradrenaline (NA) infusion (2 nmol min-1) reduced ovarian as well as uterine blood flow acutely. After 20 min of NA infusion (2 nmol min-1), however, ovarian blood flow and fractional perfusion were increased, while no significant effect was seen for uterine blood flow. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in a 20-min infusion (1 nmol min-1) markedly reduced ovarian and uterine blood flows.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

Transantral repair of cerebrospinal fluid fistulas using bone chips, Tisseel, fascia and plaster of Paris.

Cerebrospinal rhinorrhea is a potentially serious symptom due to the risk of an ascending infection, which may produce a fulminant meningitis. Plaster of Paris has been used to obliterate the sphenoidal sinus and posterior ethmoids in five patients with cerebrospinal rhinorrhea. The fistulas were identified by computed cisternography and repaired by a transantral approach using a microsurgical technique, and bone chips, Tisseel and fascia to seal the fistulas. There have been no postoperative problems or leakage in the three patients with fistulas to the sphenoidal sinus. The cerebrospinal rhinorrhea recurred four and six months after operation in the two patients with fistulas to the posterior ethmoids probably due to surgical, technical problems in one patient and to less support by the plaster of Paris, when the fistulas end in this region. However, the described surgical technique seems to be a good alternative for fistulas to the sphenoidal sinus and should be included in our surgical armamentarium.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

Protein kinase C activity in normal and neoplastic squamous epithelia from the upper aero-digestive tract.

In the present study the protein kinase activity was determined in surgical specimens of squamous cell carcinoma from the upper aero-digestive tract, and the activity was compared with the activity in normal mucosa obtained from the same location in patients undergoing surgery for non-neoplastic diseases. The basal protein kinase activity in the soluble fraction was about 15-fold higher in tumors as compared to in normal mucosa. The difference between protein kinase activity in the presence of Ca2+ and presence/absence of phosphatidylserine/diolein was taken as the activity of protein kinase C. Protein kinase C activity in the presence of 0.5 mM Ca2+ was 10.0 +/- 2.1 pmol 32P/mg prot. x min in tumors (n = 19) and 2.4 +/- 0.7 pmol 32P/mg prot. x min. in normal mucosa (n = 6). A similar difference was obtained with 1 mM Ca2+. An even greater difference in protein kinase C activity was seen when the soluble enzyme had been partially purified by ion-exchange chromatography on DE-52 columns. In this case a 7-fold higher protein kinase activity was found in tumors as compared to in normal mucosa. In the particulate fraction the basal protein kinase activity was about 3-fold higher in tumors as compared to in normal mucosa. Protein kinase C activity in the particulate fraction, defined as described above, was 10.7 +/- 4.1 pmol 32P/mg prot. x min in tumors and 6.1 +/- 4.4 pmol 32P/mg prot. x min in normal mucosa. These results show a significantly higher activity in both total protein kinase activity and protein kinase C activity in epithelial tumors from the upper aero-digestive tract.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗

PubMed1987

Evaluation of lip salivary gland biopsy in 21 patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome.

Lip salivary gland biopsy was performed in 21 (20 female) patients, age 26 to 74 years, with primary Sjögren's syndrome. The procedure helped identify a patient group with many autoimmune phenomena, including hypergammaglobulinemia, autoantibodies, autoimmune thyroiditis, vasculitis, and immunocytoma. A marked association with the HLA-DR3 antigen was noted. It is concluded that lip salivary gland biopsy is a simple and safe procedure that makes possible the identification among non-RA patients with sicca symptoms those who have autoimmune disturbance. This patient group deserves close medical supervision in order to detect autoimmune disease that requires treatment, such as autoimmune thyroiditis and lymphoma.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

DNA pattern in oral cavity carcinomas in relation to clinical stage and histological grading.

Cytofluorometric DNA analysis was performed in 88 squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity. 48% (42/88) of the tumours were DNA non-diploid. The frequency of DNA non-diploid tumours seemed to correlate with the increasing size of the tumour, and the decrease of histological grading, and certainly with the presence of lymph node metastases (p less than 0.001). DNA non-diploid tumours often had shorter duration of symptoms. The S-phase level seemed to increase the less differentiated the tumour but did not correlate either to tumour size or to duration of symptoms. Polyploid nuclei were more common in poorly differentiated tumours (9/10) as compared to well differentiated ones (17/33) (p less than 0.05) and seemed to be more common in tumours with metastases (20/26) than in those without (40/62).

Adult↗

PubMed1987

DNA content, malignancy grading and prognosis in T1 and T2 oral cavity carcinomas.

Microscopic malignancy grading using the 8-factor system proposed by Jakobsson et al. (1973), the 4-factor system set up by Glanz and Eichhorn (1985), and DNA cytofluorometry were applied to thirteen T1 and thirty-seven T2 squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity, 9 with and 41 without metastases. There was a significant correlation between the presence of lymph node metastases (N1) and the malignancy scores (P less than 0.05) and tumour DNA ploidy (P less than 0.01, chi-square). The total number of patients with initial and late lymph node metastases correlated significantly with polyploid nuclei (P less than 0.05) and with malignancy scores (P less than 0.001), which also correlated with regional recurrences (P less than 0.01, chi-square). No remaining tumour after preoperative radiotherapy indicated less risk for local recurrence than if tumour persisted (P less than 0.01, chi-square). The cumulative survival (Kaplan-Meier) was worse for patients with nodal involvement (N1) than for those without (N0) (P less than 0.01), and for patients with poorly differentiated tumours compared with moderately well differentiated (P less than 0.05) and to well differentiated (P less than 0.001). The prognosis was worse for patients with high malignancy scores than those with low (P less than 0.001). DNA diploid tumours had a better prognosis than DNA non-diploid, but the difference was not significant.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

Malignant tumours in patients with non-invasive squamous cell lesions of the vocal cords.

The concept of 'field cancerization' is applicable throughout the upper aerodigestive tract, oesophagus and lung. The material for this study consisted of 232 patients with hyperplasia, keratosis with or without dysplasia, and carcinoma in situ of the vocal cords. The overall risk for these patients with non-invasive squamous cell lesions of the vocal cords to have or to develop an independent, primary malignant tumour was 12.9% (30/232). Carcinomas of the head and neck, lung or oesophagus were diagnosed in 8.2% (19/232) of the patients. Patients with hyperplasia, keratosis, dysplasia and carcinoma in situ of the vocal cords should be carefully followed-up, not only as progression to invasive carcinoma may occur many years after the initial diagnosis, but also as there is a high incidence of independent primary tumours, especially of the multicentric type.

Carcinoma in Situ↗

PubMed1987

Malignancy grading and cytophotometric evaluation of T1 lip carcinomas.

Histological malignancy grading using the score system set out by Jakobsson et al. in combination with static DNA cytofluorometry was applied to 20 T1 squamous cell carcinomas of the lower lip, 11 with and 9 without lymph node metastases. The mean malignancy score was 18.0 for tumours with metastases and 13.0 for those without (P less than 0.05, chi square test). Nuclear polymorphism, mode of invasion, vascular invasion, and cellular response were the single factors with the strongest influence. All but 3 carcinomas were DNA diploid, but DNA ploidy and proliferative activity (S-phase) yielded no prognostic information. However, hypertetraploid cells were found in all DNA diploid carcinomas with metastases, but in only half of those without (P less than 0.05).

Adult↗

PubMed1987

Prognostic value of malignancy grading and DNA measurements in small glottic carcinomas.

Thirty-three small glottic carcinomas (T1 and small T2; UICC, 1978) were examined by malignancy grading using the 8-factor system proposed by Jakobsson et al. [Acta radiol. Ther. phys. Biol. 12: 1-8, 1973] and the 4-factor system set up by Glanz and Eichhorn [Hals-Nas.-Ohrenarzt 33: 103-111, 1985]. DNA ploidy, S-phase, and the presence of polyploid cell nuclei were determined. There was no significant difference in malignancy score or DNA values between tumors that recurred after a full course of radiotherapy and those that did not. All but one carcinoma that recurred had polyploid nuclei, in comparison with only 13 of the 22 nonrecurrent tumors. Neither malignancy grading nor DNA measurements seem to predict the clinical course of small glottic carcinomas. Accurate and adequate radiotherapy may be more reliable for local tumor control than tumor character. The extent of the tumor, such as the involvement of the anterior commissure, may be another factor affecting the prognosis.

Aged↗