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Biomedical subjects

J Nishikawa

Publications and source records attributed to J Nishikawa.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Tay-Sachs disease with conspicuous cranial computerized tomographic appearances.

An autopsy case of a 3-year-old female infant with Tay-Sachs disease was presented. A cherry red spot in the fundus and a deficiency of N-acetyl-beta-hexosaminidase A in the white blood cells were revealed soon after admission at the age of one year. Her parents and sister were found to be healthy carriers. The patient showed a typical clinical course with marked cranial swelling. In addition to the marked ballooning of neurons on light microscope, membranous cytoplasmic body (MCB) on electron microscope and abnormal accumulation of GM2 ganglioside in the cerebral cortex by thin layer chromatography were confirmed in the autopsy specimens. In the late stage of her clinical course, the cranial computerized tomography (CT) demonstrated symmetric and deep-wavy hyperdense cerebral cortical zones, diffuse hypodensity and diminished volume of cerebral white matter, mild to moderate ventricular dilatation, and a small cerebellum and brainstem. These conspicuous appearances of the cranial CT seem to be characteristic of Tay-Sachs disease in the late stage, and they are derived from abnormal accumulation of GM2 ganglioside in the cerebral cortex, and diffuse intense demyelination (dysmyelinating demyelination) of the cerebral white matter.

Brain↗
PubMed1985

Embolism detection and prevention using scintigraphy during therapeutic arterial blockade.

We describe an application of simple scintigraphic localization of therapeutic gelatin emboli during and after transcatheter arterial embolization using gelatin particles labeled with technetium 99m. This scintigraphy required an additional 15-30 minutes and can be useful for prevention of serious complications and for early detection of adverse embolisms.

Arteries↗
PubMed1985

Studies on exercise and an elastic protein "connectin" in hindlimb muscle of growing rat.

We examined the effect of physical training on the properties of an elastic protein, connectin, in the hindlimb muscles of 6 growing rats running on a treadmill, in comparison with its properties in 6 growing non-running rats. The experimental results are as follows. 1) The body weight of exercised (R-) and control (C-) rats gradually increased during housing for 31 days, from an average of 46.2 g to 275 g. The average amount of running in the 6 R-rats was 38,160 +/- 12,122 (S.D.) g X m/hr. 2) The SDS-insoluble connectin in R-rat muscle was lower in quantity than that in C-rat muscle, but the SDS-soluble connectin of R-rat muscle was greater in quantity. 3) Amino acid compositions of SDS-soluble connectin in R- and C-rats, calculated from SDS-insoluble connectin and soleus ghost, were significantly different. 4) The soleus ghost preparation consisted mainly of connectin as shown by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by immunohistological staining. 5) The maximum passive tension of the soleus ghost, calculated from the factors of T/phi and (dT/dx)/phi, was higher in R-rats than in C-rats. The above results suggest that physical training might alter the biosynthetic pattern of connectin to suit the developing muscle, just as physical training alters that of myosin isoenzymes.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1985

[SOL-detectability of liver SPECT--analysis by SOL detection model].

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical efficacy of liver SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography). Eleven hospitals which are in or near Tokyo are participating in this study. Planar liver images and SPECT images of 134 cases which were retrospectively confirmed for its final diagnosis were collected. At the first study, the planar images (PS) were read by 13 nuclear medicine physicians. The second, the image reading by the combination of the planar images and the SPECT images (PS + SPECT) were performed. The confidence level of diagnosis for SOL (space occupying lesion) obtained by the image reading of PS and PS + SPECT has been analyzed by using the SOL detection model. The SOL detectability of PS + SPECT was higher than that of PS only. However, these differences were not statistically significant.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1985

[SOL-detectability of liver SPECT--analysis of the structure of ROC-curve].

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical efficacy of liver SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography). The two examinations were performed in 76 cases with SOL (space occupying lesion) and 58 normal cases. The results of the image reading by the planar image only (PS) and that of the image reading by the combination of PS and SPECT (PS + SPECT) were analyzed by ROC (receiver operating characteristic) analysis. The ROC curves showed that SPECT appears to reduce the number of results which were equivocal by the image reading of PS only. The detectability of SPECT for SOL in the left lobe of liver was less than that of PS without statistical significance. However, the performance of SPECT for SOL in the right lobe of liver was significantly better than that of PS.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1985

Effectiveness of ECG-gated magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosing cardiovascular diseases.

Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive method which can discriminate between flowing blood and vascular walls, and is expected to contribute to the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. Since the data acquisition by conventional MRI is too long for precise cardiac imaging, the ECG-gated method is mandatory in evaluating cardiac function and producing cardiac images of high quality. To evaluate the effectiveness of ECG-gated MRI, left ventricular wall motion and ejection fraction by MRI were compared with those obtained by radionuclide technique. Two types of MR imagers were used: one with a resistive magnet (0.15 Tesla) for 12 patients, and the other with a superconductive magnet (0.35 Tesla) for eight patients. MRI imaged cardiac muscle and vascular walls without the need for any contrast media or radionuclides. The superconductive apparatus provided better quality images than did the resistive one. Comparing MRI with radionuclide technique regarding left ventricular wall motion, resistive and superconductive MRI data correlated satisfactorily with those of radionuclide technique, except in the inferior wall, which was better evaluated by radionuclide technique. Left ventricular ejection fraction obtained by MRI was moderately lower than those obtained by radionuclide technique, though the correlation was good [r = 0.84 (resistive unit) and r = 0.85 (superconductive unit)]. In addition to three-dimensional morphological information, ECG-gated MRI provides information nearly comparable to that of radionuclide technique in the evaluation of left ventricular function and wall motion. Therefore, we regard gated MRI as effective in evaluating various aspects of cardiovascular diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

3-Substituent effect and 3-methylene substituent effect on the structure-reactivity relationship of 7 beta-(acylamino)-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid derivatives studied by carbon-13 and IR spectroscopies.

Relationships between the chemical reactivity of 3-substituted cephalosporins or 3-methylene-substituted cephalosporins and several parameters observed by 13C NMR and IR spectroscopies are described. Among 3-substituted cephalosporins, the values of delta (C-3) and delta (COO) of 13C NMR spectra are correlated with the logarithms of the rate constants for alkaline hydrolysis (log kobsd) when substituents at the 3-position are classified into two groups, i.e., OR substituents and others. Among the 3-methylene-substituted cephalosporins, the difference values of the 13C chemical shifts for C-3 and C-4, delta delta (4-3), are correlated with log kobsd. The beta-lactam vC = O value of the solution IR spectra is a good index for the prediction of a significant change of the beta-lactam reactivity resulting from modification of a 3-substituent or a 3-methylene substituent. From analysis of these observed parameters, both resonance and inductive effects of the substituent at the 3-position were found to affect the chemical reactivity of the beta-lactam ring in cephalosporin, while only the inductive effect of the substituent at the 3'-position was found to affect the beta-lactam reactivity.

Cephalosporins↗
PubMed1984

Generalized neonatal herpes virus infection (cytomegalovirus or herpes virus type 1). Comparative examination of loci attacked by two viruses.

Two autopsy cases, a 5-minute-old male infant with congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and a 10-day-old female infant with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection, were presented. CMV antibody titer detectable by immunofluorescence (IF) technique was significantly high in the sera of both infant and mother in the CMV case. In another HSV-1 case, we have succeeded in HSV-1 isolation from autopsy liver and subsequent serological identification of the isolated virus, including a detection of high HSV-1 antibody titer in the mother's serum by IF. On light and electron microscopes, these two cases respectively showed typical findings as the severest form of each viral infection. As one of the marked differences between the two cases, the thymus in the HSV-1 case showed remarkable involution with a complete disappearance of thymic cortical lymphocytes. However, the CMV case exhibited an existence of intact thymus without viral injuries. Similar distinguishable differences between the two cases were observed also in the bone marrow. It additionally seems to be unique that cytomegalic inclusion bodies were disclosed fairly well in the submaxillary glands and rarely in the renal tubules even in the case with HSV-1.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1984

[Prospective study to assess the clinical efficacy of bone scintigraphy--methodology and some preliminary results].

The purpose of this study is to evaluate prospectively the value of radionuclide bone scans at the preoperative assessment of carcinomas of the breast and prostate carcinomas. Ten hospitals which are in or near Tokyo are participating in this study. For each patient under study, three kinds of sheet are filled by doctors. The first sheet named "preexamination diagnosis data sheet" is recorded before preoperative bone scan by attending physicians mainly. The second sheet named "postexamination diagnosis data sheet" is recorded after preoperative bone scan by nuclear medicine physicians who performed bone scintigraphy. The third sheet named "final diagnosis data sheet" is recorded after about a year of follow up period by attending physicians or nuclear medicine physicians. These data have been stored in a electric computer. Some preliminary analysis has been made by comparing the confidence level of diagnosis for bone metastasis before and after bone scintigraphy. In this report, methodology of the analysis and some results are described.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Computed tomography and scintigraphy of aldosteronoma. A comparative study.

Twelve cases of aldosteronoma were evaluated with CT and radioisotope scintigraphy to compare the diagnostic capability of both methods. All cases were diagnosed with scintigraphy, while six of 12 cases were diagnosed with CT. However, considering that nuclear imaging requires seven or eight days for evaluation, and the radiation dose is relatively high, it seems reasonable to perform CT scans initially in the localization of an aldosteronoma and to include scintigraphy in those cases in which aldosteronoma is not demonstrated by CT.

19-Iodocholesterol↗
PubMed1982

Decrease of carbon tetrachloride liver toxicity in rats given dipyridamole.

The influence of Dipyridamole on acute hepatotoxicity has been studied in male SD-JCL rats doses with carbon tetrachloride. High single oral doses of Dipyridamole lowered the serum enzyme activity and reduced significantly the area % of hepatic necrosis and hydropic degeneration, but not of steatosis. Dipyridamole was effective from 1 hr before through 6 hrs after the oral administration of CCl4. Doses below 1,000 mg/kg Dipyridamole were less effective. No delay in the onset of CCl4-induced liver damages was observed. Dipyridamole was also effective when CCl4 toxicity was enhanced by isopropanol.

1-Propanol↗