Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to J Newman.
This article provides a comprehensive look at trauma to the upper cervical spine. It begins with an in-depth discussion of vertebral anatomy, then focuses on types of cervical trauma and examines the diagnostic techniques used to image cervical trauma.
This article examines the three early detection techniques for breast cancer-clinical examination, mammography and breast self-examination-as components of a breast health management program. Each method is examined in detail, with particular emphasis on the health care provider's role in educating the patient about breast health and breast self-exam.
This continuing education article discusses abnormalities of defecation and the physical mechanisms by which these abnormalities occur. The article also describes the role of defecography and other imaging techniques used to diagnose abnormalities of defecation.
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Breast cancer occurs less frequently in men than in women, but its etiology, progression, treatment and prognosis are similar for both sexes. This article discusses male breast cancer and mammography of the male breast.
As the use of endoscopy to evaluate gastrointestinal disorders increases, debate has arisen regarding the appropriate use of endoscopy vs the traditional upper GI series. Some clinicians argue that radiographic evaluation of the upper GI tract with barium is preferable because it provides definitive results in a majority of cases, is noninvasive, requires no anesthesia and is less expensive. Others argue that a biopsy can easily be performed during endoscopy if a problem is discovered during the procedure, avoiding the need for a subsequent biopsy or surgery. This article outlines the advantages and disadvantages of both procedures in the evaluation of upper GI symptoms.
As the U.S. population grows increasingly diverse, health care professionals will need to develop skills that allow them to provide quality care to patients from a variety of racial and ethnic backgrounds. Chief among these skills is the ability to communicate effectively. This article discusses the demographic shifts occurring in the United States today and reviews the concept of cultural diversity. It also presents information about how to communicate with patients from diverse cultural backgrounds.
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Radiographic imaging is an important tool in the assessment of facial trauma and the detection of underlying fractures or other injuries. To achieve the best possible cosmetic result, diagnosis and treatment of facial injuries must be accurate, thorough and prompt. This article reviews facial anatomy and discusses several types of mandible and facial fractures and their causes. It also reviews the diagnostic imaging techniques used to evaluate facial fractures, including a discussion of the most common views.
Growing public interest in health and fitness have fueled the development of sports medicine, a field devoted to the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of sports-related injuries. This article examines the types and locations of common sports injuries, the mechanisms of injury and the role of imaging in diagnosis. The special needs of pediatric patients are considered throughout.
Patients with hip fractures are at high risk for pressure ulcer development, yet few recent studies have addressed risk assessment in this population. In this retrospective medical record survey, records of a random sample of California Medicare beneficiaries with hip fractures admitted to acute care hospitals in 1995 were selected for abstraction. Medical record abstraction (n = 545) revealed that risk assessment was performed on only 44.2% (241/545) of patients. Among these, 64.3% were identified as at risk for pressure ulcer development. Accuracy of the risk assessment was evaluated independently and compared with those performed by the nursing staff; there was agreement in only 40% of cases. Ulcers developed in 19.1% of the sample, and pressure ulcer development was not related to risk status at hospital admission. Patients with longer hospital stays developed more ulcers than those discharged earlier. This study shows that risk assessment is underutilized, inaccurate, and unrelated to pressure ulcer development in hip fracture patients.
Effective mammography requires rigorous quality control, mandated by the Mammography Quality Standards Act of 1992 (MQSA). This article reviews MQSA's requirements and the elements of the imaging chain that affect mammogram quality. Major classes and sources of artifacts also are presented.
This article is an introduction to scintimammography (SMM), an imaging technique that uses radionuclides to reveal malignant lesions in the breast. It describes breast anatomy and physiology, different types of breast cancer, current screening recommendations and scintimammography technique. It also reviews the latest data on SMM sensitivity, specificity and predictive value.