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Biomedical subjects

J Newman

Publications and source records attributed to J Newman.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. A reappraisal and immunohistochemical study.

The clinicopathologic features of 17 patients with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis are described, together with results on a number of histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques that were used to demonstrate the variety of cells involved. Based on our clinicopathologic data and review of the literature, we believe that xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis should be regarded as a destructive, and, at times, tumefactive inflammatory process that may complicate chronic pyelonephritis. The initiation of this process remains an enigma. However, there appears to be three main features that are associated with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: pelvicalyceal obstruction, ulceration of the pelvicalyceal urothelium, and bacterial infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Intussusception in babies under 4 months of age.

Intussusception in babies under 4 months of age is uncommon. The hospital records of 25 babies under 4 months of age who were treated for intussusception between 1974 and 1983 were reviewed. There was no history of pain in nine cases. Rectal bleeding occurred in all but one of the infants. Vomiting was a prominent symptom in all but 2 infants and was the first symptom in 11. Only eight infants presented with all three symptoms. There was a high rate of failure of reduction by barium enema, even when it was attempted early. Although intussusception does occur in young infants, the clinical picture is generally different from that seen in infants aged 4 months or more.

Female↗
PubMed1987

Stable expression of recombinant factor VIII molecules using a bovine papillomavirus vector.

The bleeding disorder in hemophilia A results from a deficiency or abnormality of Factor VIII (FVIII), a member of the coagulation cascade. FVIII is a large glycoprotein (approximately 350,000 daltons) that is activated by a series of proteolytic cleavages. During activation, a large internal domain (B domain) is removed, resulting in an active complex comprised of the amino and carboxyl subunits of the parental molecule. Using a bovine papillomavirus expression vector system, we have established stable, genetically engineered cell lines harboring either full-length FVIII cDNA or variant FVIII cDNA (delta FVIII), the latter containing an extensive deletion in the region encoding the B domain. We demonstrate that the two recombinant FVIII molecules manifest the biological attributes of native FVIII. Relative to full-length FVIII transformants, cells harboring delta FVIII cDNA are five to eight times more efficient in expressing coagulant activity. This difference is due to a post-transcriptional event.

Bovine papillomavirus 1↗
PubMed1987

Ulcerative colitis complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulation.

We report a case of chronic ulcerative colitis complicated by clinical evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation and pathological evidence of intestinal ischaemia secondary to venular and capillary fibrin thrombi. This may well represent an example of univisceral Shwartzman reaction occurring in a sensitized target organ.

Colitis, Ulcerative↗
PubMed1987

The fate of 2-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (CS) in rats.

1. The fate of 3H-ring labelled, 14C-cyanide labelled and (14C = C) side chain labelled 2-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (CS), 2-chlorobenzyl alcohol and 2-chlorobenzyl malononitrile (dihydro CS) in rats and isolated rat liver cells has been examined. 2. CS was administered both i.v. and i.g. to rats at doses from 0.08 to 159 mumol/kg and in most cases the greatest proportion of the dose was eliminated in the urine (44-100%). The principal urinary metabolites were 2-chlorohippuric acid, 1-O-(2-chlorobenzyl) glucuronic acid, 2-chlorobenzyl cysteine and 2-chlorobenzoic acid. Lesser amounts of 2-chlorophenyl acetyl glycine, 2-chlorobenzyl alcohol and 2-chlorophenyl 2-cyano propionate were identified. 3. The major urinary metabolite from 2-chlorobenzyl alcohol was 2-chlorohippuric acid (43%), 2-chlorobenzyl cysteine, 2-chlorobenzoic acid and 2-chlorobenzyl glucuronic acid were identified. 4. The products of dihydro-CS metabolism were 2-chlorophenyl acetyl glycine, 2-chlorophenyl 2-cyanopropionate and 2-chlorophenyl proprionamide. 5. Urinary thiocyanate levels increased with the dose of CS up to 159 mumol/kg. At 212 mumol/kg there was a large increase in the amount of thiocyanate produced (molar conversion: 21.5-29.9%). Similarly malononitrile, the hydrolysis product of CS, gave a dose related increase in urinary thiocyanate levels. However at a higher dose (212 mumol/kg) the molar conversion was greater than 60%. 6. The metabolism of CS by isolated rat liver cells confirmed the results in vivo but demonstrated a marked limitation of this preparation to form conjugates. 7. It is concluded that CS in vivo is hydrolysed mainly to 2-chlorobenzaldehyde which is then either oxidized to 2-chlorobenzoic acid for subsequent glycine conjugation, or reduced to 2-chlorobenzyl alcohol for ultimate excretion as 2-chlorobenzyl acetyl cysteine or 1-O-(2-chlorobenzyl) glucuronic acid. Malononitrile is converted to thiocyanate via the formation of cyanide.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Production of beta-human chorionic gonadotropin by prostatic adenocarcinoma and transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract.

Ectopic production and secretion of hormones by a wide variety of tumours has been known for many years. Recently human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) production and/or secretion have been noted in 15 cases with prostatic adenocarcinoma (Fukutani et al. 1983; Papapetrou et al. 1980: Broder et al. 1977; Menon & Stefani 1980; McManus et al. 1976) and in two with upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma (Fukutani et al. 1983; McManus et al. 1976). In this study we utilised the indirect immunoperoxidate technique to demonstrate beta-HCG production in prostatic adenocarcinoma and upper urinary tract urothelial tumours. Of 100 cases of prostatic adenocarcinoma beta-HCG production was demonstrated in nine cases, eight of which were poorly differentiated, and of 14 urothelial tumours of the upper urinary tract beta-HCG production was present in two high grade transitional cell carcinomas.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

Immunohistochemical localization of S100 protein in benign and malignant conditions of the breast.

A peroxidase--antiperoxidase technique for S100 protein has been applied to 122 breast lesions from 122 patients. These included 35 cases of fibrocystic disease, 16 cases of sclerosing adenosis, 24 cases of papilloma and papillomatosis, 43 intraduct carcinomas, and four intralobular carcinomas. In fibrocystic disease, S100 protein was demonstrable in large amounts in cells between the duct lining cells and the basement membrane of the ducts, being most pronounced in those exhibiting adenosis. Areas of epitheliosis showed scattered positive cells within the ducts with more strongly positive cells around these ducts. Apocrine metaplasia was moderately positive. No S100 protein was demonstrable in the epithelial lining cells of cysts or within the stroma. In sclerosing adenosis individual cells and groups of cells in the fibrous tissue were strongly positive. In papillomatosis and papilloma, the vascular core and epithelium failed to stain, but a discontinuous layer of cells between the epithelium and basement membrane was positive. In intraduct and intralobular carcinoma the tumor cells were uniformly negative, and wherever fibrocystic disease was also present, S100 protein was variably demonstrable. The study corroborated the view that fibrocystic disease and benign proliferative processes of the breast appear to contain cells that correspond to myoepithelial cells, and suggests that S100 protein may serve as a useful marker in the separation of benign proliferative breast lesions from in situ carcinoma.

Breast Diseases↗
PubMed1987

Psychological effects on college students of raising the drinking age.

The current policy of raising the drinking age seems likely to have psychological costs for adolescents, including deterioration of their relationship with adult society. Colleges are likely to be the sites of heightened adolescent discontent because so many undergraduates are affected by the change in law. College administrators have the opportunity to reduce some of the psychological effects and ensure that adolescent discontent is channeled into developmentally enhancing activities.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1987

Liposuction. History, techniques, and complications.

Liposuction is a very safe and predictable means of contouring the body's adiposities. It is an effective surgical method for aesthetic sculpturing with minimal complications. Complications are rare and most commonly include waviness or irregularities of the skin from poor patient selection. We have had in the last 1200 patients one case of a hematoma that was attributed to preoperative ingestion of aspirin. No seromas have occurred in this group of patients. The procedure is relatively pain free, and propoxyphene is usually adequate for pain control. The results have been rewarding for both the surgeon and the patient. Liposuction surgery has arrived as a well-accepted, reliable, and safe procedure for treating unwanted adiposities and contouring the face, neck, and body.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1986

Ulcerative colitis complicated by Budd-Chiari syndrome.

We present two cases of ulcerative colitis associated with a chronic pattern of hepatic vein thrombosis (Budd-Chiari syndrome). Progression of the hepatic disorder appeared to be unrelated to the activity of the colitis. Liver function tests were normal until a late stage in the disease except for a high serum alkaline phosphate and a low serum albumin. This combination of abnormalities together with ascites merit further investigation and should raise the suspicion of hepatic vein thrombosis complicating ulcerative colitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Ectopic beta-human chorionic gonadotropin production by bladder urothelial neoplasia.

Endocrine manifestations are rarely observed in bladder urothelial neoplasia. To our knowledge, only 11 cases of choriocarcinoma have been reported in this site, and recently the production of beta-human chorionic gonadotropin has been demonstrated in these tumors by applying the immunoperoxidase technique. Of 104 transitional cell neoplasms of the bladder, we demonstrated by the indirect immunoperoxidase technique beta-human chorionic gonadotropin production in 12 neoplasms, 11 of which were grade 3 and 4 transitional cell carcinomas.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Immunohistochemical localization of S100 protein in skin tumors.

We applied a peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique for S100 protein to 73 tumors of skin and skin adnexa. These included 15 eccrine tumors, 11 apocrine tumors, 18 tumors with differentiation toward hair, two sebaceous adenomas, one mixed tumor of the scalp, ten dermatofibromas, ten basal cell carcinomas, five squamous cell carcinomas, and one clear cell acanthoma. Consistent results were obtained. Occasional cells in eccrine tumors showed strong positive staining, as did the Langerhans' cells in the squamous cell carcinomas and the clear cell acanthoma. The cells of the apocrine tumors showed moderate to weak staining, and the tumors with differentiation toward hair, the sebaceous adenomas, and the mixed tumor of the scalp showed uniform negative staining, as did basal cell carcinomas and dermatofibromas.

Humans↗