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Biomedical subjects

J Neumann

Publications and source records attributed to J Neumann.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

The identification and clinical implications of human breast milk mitogen.

There are constituents of human breast milk that make it superior to cow's milk for the nutrition, health and development of human infants. We have discovered a new activity in breast milk. We have found in human breast milk a nitrogen that stimulates DNA synthesis and induces division in cells grown in culture. This mitogenic activity is concentration dependent, and also depends on time since lactation. No similar mitogenic activity is found in commercially available formulas or cows milk 1 wk after birthing. The human milk mitogen might be involved in the growth and development of cells in the neonate. It may be important in preventing necrotizing entercolitis and peptic ulceration of the newborn. It might also be used in the treatment of infants following massive small bowel resection.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed1979

[Biochemical mechanisms for the effect of alcohol on the brain].

This paper reviews and discusses basic knowledge of biochemical mechanisms of action of ethanol upon the central nervous system, the emphasis being on effects upon cerebral membrane structures and processes as well as mechanisms of chemical synaptic transmission. Results of detailed studies into material and steric changes in membranes, ion-dependent adenosine triphosphatases, variations in ion balance, effects upon cyclic nucleotides, influences on special transmitter systems, and mechanisms of formation of morphine-analogous condensation products are presented. In addition, open questions are derived and formulated in problem complexes.

Acetaldehyde↗
PubMed1979

[Evaluation of research findings of potassium metabolism through biological modeling].

The cybernetic modelling of the water balance and the electrolyte balance has a heuristic value for the physiology and pathophysiology, by clearing up connections and open problems. This concerns problems of regulation size and regulation extension, but also the validity of reference values. Under this aspect is referred to the significance of steady state, input- and output inbalances and of the static and dynamic characteristics in the examination of the functional performance of the regulation circle. The static and dynamic compartment modelling is discussed at the instance of the potassium balance and exemplarily confirmed by findings of examinations. Here is referred to the special information value of the dynamic compartment analyse, as apart from the pool sizes (capacities) also intracorporal turnover rates (effects) are established.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

[Controlled drinking as therapy target in the treatment of alcoholics].

The question of re-acquired controlled drinking as a therapy target in the treatment of alcoholics should be studied under the concrete social conditions of the GDR by specialists in treatment and prevention together with the practitioners, on the basis of an exact programme. Some proposals for the practical proceedings are submitted.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1978

[Biological modelling of potassium metabolism].

1. General principles of the modelling of compartments were described with the aim to use this methodology for the investigation of the potassium metabolism. 2. For the modelling of the potassium metabolism the necessary processes of investigation and calculations in the analysis of 42-potassium-kinetics were described in detail at an example. 3. By analogy references to the haemodynamics the general significance of the modelling of compartments was explained.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Oligodendroglioma. Clinical course in relation to histological grading].

The history of 99 patients, operated on for oligodendroglioma, has been related to the microscopic picture of the tumours which were graded in three stages of malignancy. Clinical course and histological grading fit together well. Certain signs and symptoms correlate with the kind of tumour. The prognosis in oligodendroglioma is as bad as in astrocytoma. The danger of recurrence is high, even after radical operation. Radiation therapy is useless.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Nucleosome-associated proteins and phosphoproteins of differentiating Friend erythroleukemia cells.

Mononucleosomes derived from brief digestion of uninduced Friend cell nuclei with micrococcal nuclease contain a set of non-histone chromosomal proteins which are partly or altogether missing in the oligomeric nucleosomes. On the other hand, the latter contain a protein of Mr 190,000 not seen in the mononucleosomes. Longer digestion removes most of these non-histone proteins, excepting the Mr 190,000 protein. Brief digestion of nuclei from Friend cells induced by DMSO or by n-butyrate removes most of the non-histone proteins from the nucleosomes, as did the prolonged digestion of uninduced nuclei. The Mr 190,000 protein remains, while a protein of Mr 27,000 is increased. The rate of phosphorylation of histone H1 associated with mononucleosomes was 3 to 4-fold greater in cells induced with DMSO. The major phosphoprotein and most of the other phosphorylated non-histones were modified at the same rate in control and induced cells. However, a Mr 95,000 protein was less phosphorylated in the induced cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Application of the multiple vocabulary test to determining premorbid intelligence levels].

The authors present three basic approaches to solving the problem of determining the premorbid level of intelligence for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. The indirect way of measuring the premorbid level of intelligence was chosen because of the empirical nature of this approach and the possibility of establishing a firm basis for this. Using a number of samples, it has been possible to show that the multiple vocabulary test satisfies all requirements that must be made of a method of measuring the premorbid level of intelligence. They are above all independence of aging and disease processes as well as a high level of internal validity. Results to date indicate that the multiple vocabulary test is a useful method of rapidly and reliably determining the general level of intelligence. Its special importance lies in the fact that it allows the premorbid level of intelligence to be ascertained, thus contributing to an empirical elucidation of problems associated with decreases in proficiency and general mental deterioration due to organic or psychological factors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Application of the multiple vocabulary test to assessing mental disorders].

The multiple vocabulary test has been used to investigate approaches to objectifying general mental deterioration. Compared to methods used to determine the actual level of intelligence, the premorbid levels of intelligence which were determined with the use of the multiple vocabulary test were roughly the same for patients with brain injuries that cannot be detected by means of specialized instruments. In the case of patients where brain injuries were detectable through the use of instruments, the premorbid level of intelligence was significantly higher than the actual intelligence level. Patients with general mental deterioration showed highly significant differences between premorbid and actual levels of intelligence. The results obtained indicate that the multiple vocabulary test is a useful means of diagnosing general mental deterioration due to organic or psychological factors. Also discussed by the authors in their present paper are hitherto unsolved problems that stand in the way of an objective diagnosis of dementia and loss of intelligence.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

Proton translocation and ATP formation coupled to electron transport from H2O to the primary acceptor of photosystem 2.

1. The rate of electron transport from H2O to silicomolybdate in the presence of 3-(3-4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (diuron) (which involves the oxygen-evolving enzyme, the photochemistry of photosystem 2 and the primary electron acceptor of photosystem 2) is controlled by internal pH. This is based on the shift of the pH profile of the rate of electron transport upon addition of uncouplers, or by using EDTA-treated chloroplasts. Both stimulation and inhibition of electron transport by addition of uncouplers (depending on external pH) could be observed. These effects are obtained in the diuron-insensitive photoreductions of either silicomolybdate or ferricyanide. These experiments provide strong evidence that a proton translocating site exists in the sequence of the electron transport H2O leads to Q (the primary acceptor of photosystem 2). 2. The photoreduction of silicomolybdate in the presence of diuron causes the formation of delta pH. The value of delta pH depends on the external pH and its maximal value was shown to be 2.4. The calculated internal pH at different external pH values was found to be rather constant, namely between 5.1 -- 5.2. 3. Electron transport from H2O to silicomolybdate (in the presence of diuron) does not support ATP formation. It is suggested that this is due to the fact that the delta pH formed is below the "threshold" delta pH required for the synthesis of ATP. By adding an additional source of energy in the form of a dark diffusion potential created in the presence of K+ and valinomycin, significant amounts of ATP are formed in this system.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1977

[Frequency of different prodromal signs in cerebrovascular insult].

137 courses of illness were studied to determine, for different age groups, the incidence of early symptoms such as headache, dizziness, sleep disturbances, asynchronism, photism and singing and other sounds in the ear. The significance of prodromic signs, including uncharacteristic ones, in the overall diagnostic interpretation of cerebro-vascular insultus is indicated.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Information value of the compartimental analysis of potassium metabolism for clinical medicine].

1. The special information value of the dynamic compartment analysis consists in functional evidence concerning the potassium metabolism. 2. Basis of the dynamic compartment analysis is an open central 3 compartment model. 3. The rate of metabolism which is determined by size of the pool and constant of speed is the most important parameter. 4. The mathematical modelling of the tracer course renders visible the compartmental effects of inflow and outflow of the speed constant. 5. Disturbances of the very quickly and quickly exchanging constituents of the potassium metabolism reflect themselves perhaps directly as a functional loss of the permanent and latent functional capacity of the organism.

Extracellular Space↗