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Biomedical subjects

J N Cox

Publications and source records attributed to J N Cox.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

[Muscular abnormalities of the small intestine. Their possible role in ischemic lesions of the intestine].

An association was noticed between ischaemic lesions of the gut and perivascular and entero-mesenteric smooth muscle bundles in the intestinal wall which has not been reported in the literature. Having observed these abnormalities in two ischaemic intestinal specimens, a retrospective study was undertaken to determine their frequency. 148 specimens from 137 patients with ischaemic lesions, covering a period of five years, were examined. 33 specimens were devoid of abnormal muscular structures. Among the remaining 115 specimens, 66 (57,4%) presented perivascular bundles at different levels of the thickness of the wall and/or mesentery. Some of these bundles contained nerve plexuses. 25 specimens had entero-mesenteric bundles. Of a control group of 67 surgical specimens devoid of ischaemic lesions, 17 had perivascular bundles and 8 entero-mesenteric structures. It is postulated that the abnormal perivascular structures may contribute to the genesis of the ischaemic gut lesions. The entero-mesenteric bundles may serve simply as anchors in the mesentery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Sudden death in children and adolescents, carriers of an unrecognized cystic medionecrosis of the aorta].

Four instances of sudden death in childhood and adolescence with autopsy findings are presented. In the four cases unsuspected cystic medionecrosis of the aorta was discovered. In three of the four patients it was associated with a cardiovascular malformation, viz (1) double coarctation of the aorta, (2) coarctation of the aorta associated with Ebstein anomaly, and (3) subvalvular aortic stenosis. In three patients ocular abnormalities were demonstrated as an additional autopsy finding. Only one child could be said to have the Marfan habitus. We suggest that until new biological criteria emerge such observations should remain classified under the eponym of Marfan syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Clinical significance of placental inflammatory infiltrates].

103 placentas and their annexes obtained from 103 normal pregnancies leading to live-born infants were examined for inflammatory lesions. Inflammatory reactions of variable importance and localisation were seen more often when pregnancy exceeded 40 weeks gestation and when the Scanlon test was positive. No significant correlation could be drawn between gestational infection, premature rupture of the membranes, the aspect of the amniotic fluid, and the bacteriology of the material from the external auditory canal of the newborn. Although almost half of the placentas (47.5%) had inflammatory infiltrates, none of the newborn infants showed clinical evidence of infection. The authors discuss possible explanations for these anatomo-clinical discrepancies.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1980

Asphyxia caused by laryngeal impaction of an esophageal polyp.

We report a case of asphyxia due to laryngeal obstruction by an esophageal polyp with subsequent cerebral anoxia and death. We review the clinical manifestations and pathological aspects of benign esophageal tumors, with emphasis on the importance of an early diagnosis if a patient has repeated sensations of a regurgitated pharyngeal mass.

Asphyxia↗
PubMed1980

Double inlet right ventricle. Report of a case and review of the literature.

A case of double inlet right ventricle in which both atrioventricular valves opened completely into the right ventricle is described. The left atrium communicated with the right ventricle by way of an opening low in the atrial septum and there was a large ventricular septal defect. The pulmonary trunk and aorta took their origin from the right and hypoplastic left ventricles respectively. The literature on this rare cardiac anomaly is reviewed and the morphological findings in this case are compared with those of the recorded cases. A short discussion of the possible embryogenesis is given.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Pseudomembranous entercolitis after antibiotic treatment: vancomycin therapy].

After reporting the case of a child suffering from pseudomembranous colitis (PMC) rapidly cured by vancomycin, the authors present current knowledge which had led to this new mode of therapy. A patient of 2 years 7 months was treated with amoxycillin per os for 8 days for otitis media. A week after this treatment, diffuse abdominal pains appeared, with 8-12 diarrhoeic stools per day containing blood and mucus and recurrent episodes of rectal prolapsus. PMC was diagnosed after rectoscopy and rectal biopsy. The symptomatology persisted for 4 weeks at which time a treatment was begun with vancomycin 4 x 125 mg/day per os. Improvement of the gastrointestinal symptoms occurred 36 hours later, and a new rectal biopsy demonstrated recovery from PMC. Clinical and experimental studies have demonstrated that PMC is due to the proliferation of a toxin producing anaerobic bacterium, clostridium difficile. This organism is highly sensitive to vancomycin. Treatment with vancomycin eliminates clostridium difficile and its toxin from the stools of patients suffering from PMC and permits clinical and histological recovery.

Amoxicillin↗
PubMed1979

Anatomo-radiological study of a case of post-radiotherapeutic osteolysis of the hip.

Anatomo-radiological study of a case of osteolysis of the femoral head and neck in a 56-year old male who had recieved, 22 years earlier, an intense radiotherapeutic treatment for a soft tissue tumour of the corresponding hip region. The treatment is considered as being the main etiological factor responsible for the bone lesions. The latter seems to have been favored by an indolent joint due to a thoracic cordotomy for post-irradiation pains; it may have been prepared by a secondary osteodystrophy which preceded the radiotherapy and seems due to two previous surgical excisions.

Bone Resorption↗
PubMed1979

[Clinical and biological evolution of myasthenia gravis after thymectomy in a 13-year-old girl].

A 13-year-old girl suffering from rhumatoid arthritis developed a myasthenia gravis. Her circulating anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies were observed before and after thymectomy. Surgical removal of the thymus was followed by complete clinical remission associated with a progressive decrease of the antibody level; these antibodies did not disappear completely even as late as 2 years after the operation.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1978

Vascular lesions in testes associated with male infertility in Cameroon. Possible relationship to parasitic disease.

Testicular biopsies in 40 of 41 infertile males with severe oligospermia in Cameroon presented massive subendothelial "fibrinoid" deposits in the small and medium sized vessels. Fibrinogen, complement and IgM were demonstrated in these deposits by immunofluorescence. Evidence strongly suggestive of parasitic testicular involvement was also observed in 2 cases. It is postulated that the "fibrinoid" deposits are the result of repeated formation and deposition of circulating immune complexes by reaction of antibodies with antigens. These antigens could be of various origins and in the cases described here they could be derived from living or dying parasites in the region. The accumulation and incorporation of the "fibrinoid" deposits may lead to vascular stenosis resulting in chronic ischaemia, tubular atrophy and fibrosis, and finally oligospermia.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Pancarditis with valvulitis in endomyocardial fibrosis (=emf) and in human African trypanosomiasis (= hat). A comparative histological study of four Ugandan cases.

The study compares the histotopographical lesions of two cases of endomyocardial fibrosis with those of two hearts in sleeping sickness, all of them from Uganda. There was considerable overlapping of the fibrosed zones in endomyocardial fibrosis and the corresponding sites occupied by the chronic inflammatory process in trypanosomiasis. There was a tendency towards fibrosis in the hearts of trypanosomiasis while, in endomyocardial fibrosis, there were mild focal chronic cellular infiltrations. This overlapping and to some extent similarities would suggest that the two conditions may only differ in evolution in time and intensity and that they may be the result of the same inflammatory process. Stipulating a cardiac tropism for African trypanosomes, it is suggested that some African cases of endomyocardial fibrosis may be merely burnt-out lesions of trypanosomal pancarditis. Previous descriptions of carditis in human African and American trypanosomiasis are briefly reviewed, and the present findings are discussed in view of a possible trypanosomal aetiology in some African cardiomyopathies.

Endomyocardial Fibrosis↗
PubMed1977

Pathological aspects of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) in Uganda. A post-mortem survey of fourteen cases.

The pathological features of 14 cases of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) occurring in Uganda over an 8 year period are described. Three cases were clinically proven and in all 14 cases a chronic meningoencephalitis was found. In 2 cases there was histological evidence of ganglion radiculitis and in one of these chronic choroiditis and peripheral neuritis associated with chronic myositis were present. The cardiac lesions consisted of a chronic pancarditis of varying degree in 8 cases and in 3 a generalized valvulitis was observed. In 2 cases, specially investigated, generalized lesions of the conducting system were noticed. Previous histopathological descriptions of HAT are briefly reviewed. The present findings are compared with some of those recorded in human american trypanosomiasis and experimental African trypanosomiasis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Aortic arch interruption type A with aortopulmonary fenestration in an offspring of a chronic alcoholic mother ("fetal alcohol syndrome").

A case is described of a newborn infant, small for gestational age, with the features of the "fetal alcohol syndrome", who presented a murmur within the first few days of life, and died at age 7 days in heart failure. Autopsy revealed interruption of the aortic arch, type A, an aortopulmonary window and intact interventricular septum. The association of "fetal alcohol syndrome" and cardiac malformation is discussed, with reference to other cases described in the literature.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Tricuspid and right ventricular infundibular obstruction associated with calcified right ventricular pseudo-tumour. Radiologic and pathologic aspects.

The authors describe a rare 'pseudo-tumour' in the right heart, discovered after a cerebrovascular accident (paradoxal embolus probably). The mass occupied the anterior leaflet of the tricuspid valve. Its mobility and numerous calcifications facilitated diagnosis, determination of its exact position, and evaluation of haemodynamic consequences. The histopathologic features are reported, and its aetiology is discussed.

Calcinosis↗
PubMed1976

Pancarditis affecting the conducting system and all valves in human African trypanosomiasis.

This paper describes the pathological features of 10 cases of human African trypanosomiasis occurring in Uganda over an 8-year period. Three cases were clinically proved, and in all 10 cases chronic meningoencephalitis and myocarditis were present. There was chronic pancarditis in 6 cases, and in 3 of these there was a generalized focal valvulitis and in 2 lesions of the conducting system. Previous descriptions of carditis in human African trypanosomiasis are briefly reviewed, and the present findings are compared with some cardiomyopathies as well as American human and experimental trypanosomiasis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Tricuspid atresia, hypoplastic right ventricle, intact ventricular septum and congenital absence of the pulmonary valve.

A case of tricuspid atresia by sealing of the valves, associated with an intact ventricular septum, a hypoplastic right ventricle and the absence of the pulmonary valve, is described. The foramen ovale and the ductus arteriosus were widely patent but there was no interventricular communication. The pulmonary flow was assured by the ductus which had a saccular continuation in the pulmonary trunk. It is postulated that the lesions probably occurred during the period between the XIX and XXII horizons and that the malformed right coronary artery may have played an important role in producing the lesions of the right ventricle.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗