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Biomedical subjects

J Myren

Publications and source records attributed to J Myren.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Treatment of reflux oesophagitis with a carbenoxolone/antacid/alginate preparation. A double-blind controlled trial.

Twenty-nine patients were treated with a carbenoxolone/antacid/alginate preparation (Pyrogastrone) and 30 with antacid/alginate alone four times each day for 8 weeks, in a double-blind study, to ascertain the value of carbenoxolone in the treatment of patients with endoscopically confirmed reflux oesophagitis. Symptom review every 2 weeks and endoscopic findings every 4 weeks were converted to a 6-point grading system to facilitate statistical comparison, using a stochastic model for predicting the rate of change in grades during treatment. Carbenoxolone-treated patients showed an 82% improvement in symptom grades over 8 weeks and improved 50% faster (P less than 0.01) than did control patients, who showed a 63% improvement. Endoscopic improvement was not significantly different in the first 4 weeks, although healing was better maintained in carbenoxolone-treated patients during the second 4 weeks (P less than 0.05). At the low doses used (5 X 20 mg daily) no significant side effects of carbenoxolone were encountered. Pyrogastrone should be considered as a therapeutic alternative in patients who fail to respond to routine management with antacids.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The effect of ranitidine on the gastroduodenal motility as determined by the maximal pressure periods.

Twenty healthy subjects with a mean age of 23.5 years were studied. Identically appearing tablets of 150 mg ranitidine or placebo were given to each subject twice daily for 2 days. After an overnight fast the same dosage of tablets was given 2 h before introduction of two fiberoptic transducers, the tips of which were localized to the mid-portion of the gastric antrum and the upper third of the duodenum. The double-blind crossover study showed in the placebo period a mean duration of the maximal pressure periods (MPP) of 5.5 min in the duodenum and 3.5 min in the antrum of the stomach. The cyclic length (CL) and the cyclic displacement (CD) in the duodenum were 58 min and 67 mm/min, respectively. After ranitidine the duration of the MPP was significantly longer. The CL was also longer in the duodenum, whereas the CD was shortened, indicating a reduction of the wave movements from the stomach antrum to the duodenum in the ranitidine periods.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Prevention of recurrent ulcer bleeding, a multicentre study of the effect of ranitidine and trimipramine over one year.

Short term studies of the prevention of bleedings from peptic ulcers and erosions have been reported by a number of authors following treatment with antacids (1), H2-receptor blockers, cimetidine (2-15), a combination of cimetidine and tranexamic acid (16), cimetidine and somatostatin (17), cimetidine and sucralfate or secretion (18, 19, 20), cimetidine compared to antacid (21), and cimetidine compared to antacid and pirenzepine (22). The H2-blocker rantitidine has been compared to placebo (24, 25, 26). An uncontrolled study has been performed using proglumide (27), a controlled study with vasopressin (28) and with secretin versus somatostatin (28). In the studies with H2-receptor antagonists conflicting results have been obtained. No report has been published concerning the effect over more than a few days or weeks.

Dibenzazepines↗
PubMed1985

The antisecretory effects of RP 40 749 in patients with previous duodenal ulcer.

Thirteen male patients with a history of duodenal ulcer were given 150 mg RP 40 749 or placebo tablets at bedtime in a double-blind crossover study. The medication was given for two periods of 10 days with an 11-day wash-out period between. pH and pepsin concentrations were determined each hour in aspirates of gastric juice for 24 h on day 1, 10, 22, 31, and a 2-h collection of gastric juice was examined in the middle of the treatment and wash-out periods. At defined hours blood samples were examined for gastrin, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) by radioimmunological methods, and concentrations of RP 40 749 were determined in blood and gastric juice. Meals were served at fixed hours on days 1, 10, 22, and 31. After treatment with RP 40 749 a highly significant elevation of pH was found after the 1st day compared with placebo, most pronounced during night hours. The pepsin activity was slightly elevated. The serum concentrations of gastrin were increased and those of somatostatin and PP decreased during the first 3-4 h after medication, with a subsequent normalization. No side effects were observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Symptoms in patients with peptic ulcer and hematemesis and/or melena related to the use of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs.

One hundred and seven consecutive patients with hematemesis and/or melena and a diagnosis of duodenal, gastric, or esophageal ulcers were interviewed immediately before or after endoscopy about the use of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and symptoms before the hemorrhage. If the patients admitted no symptoms of abdominal pain or discomfort, nausea, vomiting, or heartburn, they were classified as having no ulcer symptoms before the hemorrhage. Patients who had not taken NSAIDs during the last 48 h before the hemorrhage were classified as not having taken NSAIDs. Significantly fewer patients had ulcer symptoms in the group that had used NSAIDs than in the other group (p less than 0.01). This may be interpreted as a possible masking effect by NSAIDs on ulcer symptoms. Physicians and patients should be aware of this possible effect of NSAIDs.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
PubMed1984

A double-blind study of the effect of trimipramine in patients with the irritable bowel syndrome.

The study was performed in 428 patients, of whom 216 were women. The median age was 36.5 (16-75) years and the median weight 67 (42-118) kg. The complaints were registered on a 10-cm-long linear analogue scale by the patients and the physicians. The patients were given coded identical-appearing tablets of placebo and different doses of trimipramine (Surmontil, Rhône-Poulenc) and randomized into groups A-E. During the 6 weeks of treatment the grades of complaints were reduced to about the half of pretreatment levels. The groups treated with trimipramine (groups A-D) felt significantly more improved than the group receiving placebo (group E). The side effect of tiredness was somewhat more pronounced 1-2 weeks after start with 50 mg trimipramine in the evening than in the groups receiving placebo and lower dose schedules of trimipramine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Gastric motility following peroral administration of ranitidine. A double-blind comparison with placebo.

Gastric pressure recordings were performed in 17 healthy persons, 21-25 years of age with a fiberoptic device. After an overnight fast two calibrated transducers fixed 8 cm between censors were localized to the antrum of the stomach by fluoroscopy. Ranitidine (150 mg) and placebo tablets were given perorally in the morning for two days before and on the day of the test 11/2 hours before recording in randomized order. As previously observed in the duodenum similar maximal pressure periods (MPP), of average 7 min duration and 0.6 min displacement from the proximal to the distal sensors were found without significant differences between treatments. The MPP following the ranitidine treatment occurred, however, significantly more frequently than after placebo, indicating a promotion of motility.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The O.M.G.E. Multinational Inflammatory Bowel Disease Survey 1976-1982. A further report on 2,657 cases.

This presentation describes the progress during 1978-1982 of the O.M.G.E. Multinational Survey of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. After a brief description of the study design and protocol, and review of results up to 1978, the status of the survey in 1982 is presented. In all, 35 centres contributed 2,657 cases at that time; data collection being meticulous via previously designed proformata. Diagnostic criteria are next discussed. Little change between 1978 and 1982 is noted, with wide variation in the UC/CD ratio for individual centres, but continuing evidence of a congruence of diagnostic thought, now codified into a simple (and recommended) O.M.G.E. Scoring System. Patients seen prior to 1978 were reviewed in 1982. Where attempted, a follow-up of over 90% was achieved, usually more than four years after the original presentation. Interesting data resulted. The stability of diagnosis was high, only 3.4% of patient diagnoses changing between 1978 and 1982. The mortality of Crohn's disease patients, usually unrelated to surgery, was higher than that of ulcerative colitis patents, and the cancer risk identical in the two groups. Most patients were well at review; but--though asymptomatic--were usually on prophylactice therapy, most commonly with salazopyrine. Finally, problems in assessing severity and activity of disease are discussed, and joint studies between O.M.G.W. and the newly formed International Organisation for the Study of I.B.D. described. As regards Crohn's disease, several 'indices of activity' already exist; when tested on a set of 200 O.M.G.E. patients, indices did not correlate well with each other, or with patient prognosis. Further studies are suggested during 1982-1986.

Colitis, Ulcerative↗
PubMed1984

Occult faecal blood loss determined by a 51Cr method and chemical tests in patients referred for colonoscopy.

In 67 patients referred for colonoscopy the faecal blood loss was determined by a 51Cr method and 7 chemical tests. For patients with negative colonoscopy (no. = 10), colorectal polyps (no. = 24), rectal cancer (no. = 8), or colonic cancer (no. = 12), the median 51Cr-determined faecal blood loss was 0.67, 0.74, 1.26, and 2.18 ml/24 h, respectively. For all chemical tests the results were highly influenced by the upper time limit for a positive reaction. Mixing of faecal specimens before testing proved unimportant. Fecatwin sensitive showed more positive tests in delayed compared with immediate analyses (p less than 0.01). Of cases of colorectal polyps, tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) tests including Hemo-Fec Test could detect half, the benzidine test 2 of 5. Fecatwin sensitive and Hemoccult II 1 of 4, and Fecatwin 1 of 24. Of cases of colorectal cancer, TMB tests, the benzidine test, Fecatwin sensitive, Hemoccult, and Fecatwin could detect about 85%, 85%, 85%, 80%, and 45%, respectively. All chemical tests detected faecal blood loss from colorectal lesions more easily than from gastric lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Comparative study of cimetidine and trimipramine in the short-term treatment of duodenal and gastric ulcer.

Sixty-nine outpatients with endoscopically confirmed duodenal and prepyloric (DU) or gastric ulcers (GU) completed a 4-week double-blind trial with either cimetidine, 1 g/day, or trimipramine, 50 mg/day. Ulcer healing was assessed by endoscopy at 4 weeks. At the end of the study 14 of 23 patients with DU treated with cimetidine and 13 of 25 treated with trimipramine had healed ulcers. In the patients with GU 7 of 11 ulcers (cimetidine) and 4 of 10 (trimipramine) healed. The differences in healing rates between the two treatment groups were not statistically significant, either in DU and GU groups separately or in the total material. The number of pain attacks per week decreased and the symptoms improved significantly in both treatment groups in DU, GU, and totally. Both drugs were well tolerated, but two patients in each treatment group developed a slight increase in serum transaminases. No serious side effects occurred. The study suggests trimipramine as an alternative drug to the well-established drug cimetidine in the treatment of duodenal and possibly also of gastric ulcer.

Cimetidine↗
PubMed1983

Premedication in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. A comparison of glucagon and atropine given in combination with diazepam and pethidine.

The effects of four premedication regimes on clinical variables regarded as important in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were evaluated in a double-blind randomized study. The drug combinations were diazepam/glucagon, diazepam/atropine, pethidine/glucagon, and pethidine/atropine. No significant difference was observed among the combinations of regimes or between diazepam and pethidine or between glucagon and atropine with regard to the variables duration of examination, vomiting, secretion and maximal pyloric opening. Pethidine was more effective than diazepam in reducing salivation and pyloric reflux. Glucagon was more effective than atropine in reducing motility and reflux and was also superior to atropine with regard to diagnostic accuracy. Glucagon caused less subjective discomfort than atropine 2 h and 1 day after the investigation.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease: an international multicentre scoring system.

Inflammatory bowel disease is being studied by the World Organisation of Gastroenterology (OMGE) Research Committee in a survey (currently) affecting 1696 patients presenting to 30 hospitals in 16 countries. A computer-aided diagnostic prediction system (when tested in 1056 patients) showed an accuracy of match between computer prediction and clinical diagnosis in 94% of these patients. Most centres, however, do not possess appropriate computing facilities. A simple diagnostic "scoring system", based on likelihood ratios, has therefore been developed, using a series of numbers set out on a single sheet of paper. The overall accuracy of the simple scoring system in the same 1056 patients was equivalent (93%) to the computer-aided system. In a further series of 510 "new" patients from eight fresh centres the diagnostic scoring system made a firm prediction in 490 cases (96%). Where made, the accuracy of match between the scoring system prediction and clinical diagnosis was 96%. It is suggested that this simple system, which requires no analytical resource and could be used by any gastroenterologist, might be of some value in clinical research and clinical practice.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Glucose-induced release of neurotensin after gastric surgery.

The plasma concentration of neurotensin was investigated in 15 patients and 6 healthy persons after oral administration of hypertonic glucose. 8 patients had total gastrectomy, 7 patients had partial gastrectomy of Billroth II type, and 6 nonoperated persons were used as controls. In the gastrectomized patients, the neurotensin concentration increased significantly from 2.0 (n.d.-7.4) pM to 62.4 (12.0-270) pM, in the B II resected patients from 0.9 (0.2-4.2) pM to 4.6 (0.9-59.2) pM. In the unoperated persons the corresponding neurotensin concentrations were 1.7 (0.9-3.4) and 2.2 (0.8-5.3) pM, which were not significantly different. No correlation between neurotensin concentration and dumping symptoms was seen.

Adult↗