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Biomedical subjects

J Murray

Publications and source records attributed to J Murray.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Adaptive regression and types of cognitive flexibility.

The relationship between adaptive regression and cognitive flexibility was explored in a group of 42 college students. Adaptive regression was measured with the Holt scoring system for the Rorschach. One type of cognitive flexibility was measured by Guilford's tests of divergent production (Word Fluency, Associational Fluency, and Alternate Uses) and a second type by Mednick's Remote Associates Test. Adaptive regression was found to be significantly positively related to the Remote Associates Test in males but not in females. Adaptive regression was found to be unrelated to divergent production tests. These relationships were not found to be mediated by Rorschach productivity or verbal intelligence. A two-stage process was proposed to account for the cognitive operations underlying adaptive regression and the Remote Associates Test. The first stage is seen as a generative (primary process) stage, while the second stage is seen as an evaluative (secondary process) stage. Possible reasons for sex differences were also discussed.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1980

T-cell lymphoma in children and young adults: clinical, immunological and pathological features.

The clinical, pathological and immunological features in 5 cases of T-cell lymphoma without overt marrow involvement are described. Classification of this distinct sub-group of lymphoma on morphological and clinical criteria alone has been shown to be unreliable, and precise recognitionr equires additional information from cytochemical and immunological marker studies of peripheral blood and lymph nodes. Valuable information may also be obtained from analysis of pleural fluid. The accurate identification of this sub-group assumes new clinical relevance in the light of the considerable improvement in prognosis reported with treatment schedules that are effective in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

A review of women requesting reversal of tubal sterilization.

A the Women's Hospital, Crown Street in the past 4 years 64 women who requested reversal of tubal sterilization have been studied. Some of their characteristics at the time of sterilization and the reasons for their request for reversal are examined. It would appear that relatively young women of low parity whose reasons for sterilization are primarily socioeconomic in association with an unstable martial state are those most likely to request reversal. Furthermore, postpartum sterilization in such women is more likely to lead to requests for reversal than interval sterilization. The overwhelming reason for requesting reversal is the establishment of a new marital relationship. However, there is a small group whose reason is the death of the antecedent child, usually a cot death, under the age of 6 months.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Discimination of relative onset time of two-component tones by infants.

A great deal of research has focused on the perception of voice onset time (VOT) differences in stop consonants. Yet, the nature of the mechanisms responsible for the perception of these differences is still the subject of much debate. Recently Pisoni [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 61, 1352-1361 (1977)] has presented evidence which suggested that the perception of VOT differences by adult listeners may reflect a basic limitation on processing temporal order information by the auditory system. For adults, stimuli with onset differences approximately greater than 20 ms are perceived as successive events (either leading or lagging), while stimuli with onset differences less than about 20 ms are perceived as simultaneous events. Thus, differences in voicing may have an underlying perceptual basis in terms of three well-defined temporal attributes corresponding to leading, lagging, or simultaneous events at onset. The present experiment was carried out to determine whether young infants can discriminate differences in temporal order information in nonspeech signals and whether their discimination performance parallels the earlier data obtained with adults. Discimination was measured with the high-amplitude sucking (HAS) procedure. The results indicated that infants can disciminate differences in the relative onset of two events; the pattern of discrimination also suggested the presence of three perceptual categories along this temporal continuum although the precise alignment of these categories differed somewhat from the values found in the earlier study with adults.

Auditory Perception↗
PubMed1980

Light-scattering methods for antibiotic sensitivity tests.

The total intensity of light scattered in the angular range 30 degrees-130 degrees by a suspension of bacteria can be used as the basis of a method of antibiotic sensitivity testing. A procedure is given in which the bacteria are incubated in the presence of antibiotic, as a test, and in its absence, as a control, for 60 minutes. An incubation time of 90 minutes gives slightly more reliable results. With this increased incubation time it is necessary to measure the intensity of scattered light only at a single fixed angle or, at most, a few angles. Measuring the angular dependence of the scattered intensity does not allow the incubation period to be reduced.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1980

Cancer mortality among nonsmokers in an insured group of U.S. veterans.

In a 16-year follow-up of insured U.S. veterans, standardized mortality ratios (SMR) for cancer were calculated for nonsmokers (55,049); as the standard, cancer rates of all respondents (248,046) were used. For all cancers, nonsmokers had an SMR of 71%; for lung cancer, they had an SMR of 21%. The data for nonsmokers were further analyzed with risk of cancer assessed according to residence and usual occupation and industry. Among the nonsmokers, SMR were especially low for dentists, carpenters, and lawyers, and for the electric light and power and printing industries. By division of the country, SMR for nonsmokers were especially low for the Mountain States.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Bone disease in patients on maintenance haemodialysis using softened or de-ionized water.

A clinical, biochemical and radiological study was carried out in 28 patients on maintenance haemodialysis in order to assess the prevalence of bone disease, particularly with regard to osteomalacia and/or osteopenia. The patients were selected from dialysis units using softened or deionized water, and the aluminium levels measured in the different water supplies. The results showed that symptomatic osteomalacia/osteopenia occurs more frequently in the units using softened water, which has a higher aluminium content, than in the de-ionized water unit. The patients dialysed on softened water also have significantly higher serum calcium and phosphorus levels. It is suggested that in Johannesburg, water softening alone is inadequate, and that the high aluminium levels in our water may be responsible for accelerated osteomalacia/osteopenia.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Application of Mie theory and cubic splines to the representation of light scattering patterns from bacteria in the logarithmic growth phase.

The angular dependence of light scattered by spherical bacteria cannot be explained accurately by treating them as homogeneous spheres with a simple size distribution determined by electron microscopy. Calculations indicated that structural features of the bacterial cell, such as its wall, were responsible, at least in part, for the poor agreement. Thus, there is no simple theoretical model available for light scattering by bacteria. Empirical methods have, therefore, to be used to describe the curves, e.g. for antibiotic sensitivity tests. Cubic splines provide a suitable empirical method.

Cell Wall↗
PubMed1979

Histopathology of gastric dysplasias: correlations with gastric juice chemistry.

Based on the experience with gastric biopsies in a rural population of Colombia with very high rates of gastric cancer, a description of the dysplasias of the gastric mucosa is given. It recognizes two main types of dysplasias: hyperplastic and adenomatous. Different degrees of atypism are recognized within each category. A comparison with other classifications of gastric dysplasias is offered. A positive correlation of dysplasia with gastric juice nitrite is found and offered as an adjuvant to the evaluation of patients with this type of condition.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1979

Arterial occlusion in the management of pain from metastatic renal carcinoma.

Arterial embolization was performed in nine patients with metastases from renal carcinoma who had severe pain resistant to conventional therapy. Patients with metastases in the ilium (four), the lumbosacral spine (one), and the base of the skull (one) experienced pain relief lasting from one to six months. The other three patients, who had metastases in the proximal femur, underwent preoperative embolization to facilitate tumor curettage and internal hip fixation. No significant complications were seen with this therapeutic approach.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Subjective retirement.

An individual's identification of his retirement situation does not necessarily coincide with the retirement concept as defined by objective measures. Self-evaluation of retirement status by respondents to the Retirement History Study has been analyzed to discover to what extent their subjective assessment of retirement matched the situation predicted by objective measures. For those completely retired or not retired, the self-evaluation was closely related to the number of hours worked. A "partly retired" response was not as well-predicted, to some extent because of definitional problems. Pension receipt and, to a lesser degree, aging had some significance as predictors, but other demographic and attitudinal factors were not significant. Analysis of the partly retired suggests the relative importance of gradual retirement during the period 1969--75.

Employment↗
PubMed1978

Prevention of Rh haemolytic disease.

Between 1970 and 1976 in the Yorkshire region the incidence of Rh antibodies in Rh-negative pregnant women fell by 70%. This decrease occurred in both old (long-standing) and new (first-affected) cases, which emphasised that the reduction in numbers was as much due to fewer pregnancies among Rh-negative mothers as to administration of anti-D immunoglobulin. Nevertheless, the incidence has begun to level out. The continued incidence of first-affected cases is caused by three main factors: failure of administration of anti-D immunoglobulin after normal deliveries and abortions; a steady incidence of antibodies in primigravidae; and cases in which administration of anti-D immunoglobulin had failed to protect. Administering anti-D antenatally might reduce the incidence of new cases among primigravidae who are sensitised before anti-D is normally given. Even without routine antenatal administration of anti-D, the incidence of severely affected Rh babies in the Yorkshire region could be reduced to one or two isolated cases a year in a population of three to four million by administering anti-D after all Rh-negative deliveries and after every abortion.

England↗