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Biomedical subjects

J Moreau

Publications and source records attributed to J Moreau.

180 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Localization of enkephalinase mRNA in rat brain by in situ hybridization: comparison with immunohistochemical localization of the protein.

The messenger RNA (mRNA) encoding enkephalinase (EC. 3.4.24.11; neutral endopeptidase) has been localized in rat brain by in situ hybridization using 35S- or 32P-labelled cRNA probes. Hybridization was observed only in few brain areas, and was particularly strong in the striatum, olfactory bulb and pontine nuclei. The enkephalinase protein was also localized in brain sections using a radiolabelled monoclonal antibody. While some brain regions contained both the mRNA and its translation product, others, including in particular the substantia nigra, were rich in enkephalinase but did not contain any detectable amount of enkephalinase mRNA. Enkephalinase mRNA-containing cells could be identified in regions containing neurons known to project to the substantia nigra. The discrepancy between the mRNA and the protein labelling is likely to reflect the fact that the mRNA is exclusively located within the soma of the cells while the translated protein may be found anywhere along the axonal processes.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Can life expectancies be used to determine if health promotion works?

PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to develop a method to measure the impact and cost-effectiveness of health promotion. DESIGN: Age- and sex-specific changes in life expectancy in Canada between 1970 to 1972 and 1985 to 1987, after the introduction of national health insurance (1970) and health promotion (1975), are used to assess the impact due to biological hardiness, improvements in the health care field, and the effects of health promotion. SUBJECTS: The subjects were the total male and female population of Canada between the years 1970 to 1972 and 1985 to 1987. MEASURES: Life expectancy by years of age by sex was the measurement used. RESULTS: A method is presented that allows the calculation of the differential effects of health promotion, health care, and biological hardiness on changes in life expectancy based on sequential subtraction of life expectancies for one-year age cohorts over a 15-year period. Results were obtained for each year of age for men and women, showing gender and age differences in the relative impact of the three factors. In this illustrative example using Canadian data, health promotion was found to have less impact on longevity than health care or biological hardiness. However, of the three, health promotion was the most cost-effective. CONCLUSION: This method can be used to quantify changes in life span due to health promotion, health care, and biological hardiness for men and women at each year of age and to relate this to health expenditures for the whole population. The method is limited in that it cannot determine the relative impact of other factors that can affect life expectancy such as environmental changes or social trends.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The effect of vincamine on vigilance disorders in the elderly (author's transl)].

The vigilance is, now, recognised as an active phenomenon submitted to definite structures, separate from those supervising sleep. A good cerebral function is required for vigilance maintenance and it is easily understood that cerebral alterations in aging result in vigilance decrease. The eminent repercussion of these disorders on the behavioral adaptation of the aged justified an awaking therapy. This original characteristic of vincamine, and specially of Pervincamine Forte Retard, is a fundamental discovery in cognitive functions maintenance of the aged people.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Attempt to improve the pronostic score of tetanus (author's transl)].

A prognostic score based on 6 criteria has been proposed at the 4th International Conference on Tetanus (Dakar, April 1975). A computer study of 598 cases indicates that this score may be further improved by taking into account with more accuracy the frequency of peaks of paroxism and the special severity of the intra-gluteal infection.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Functional pancreatic studies in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic pancreatitis].

The diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis is usually established by clinical history and morphological criteria based on radiological and/or endoscopic (ERCP) findings. When these morphological signs are absent or equivocal, pancreatic function testing is necessary. Direct testing by duodenal intubation with hormonal stimulation is still considered as the reference method ("gold standard"). Numerous indirect tests have been introduced to replace the duodenal intubation which is rarely well accepted and difficult to repeat. Moreover this technique is only available in highly specialized centres. Among the tubeless tests, the Paba test and the pancreolauryl test are gaining interest. Several modifications of these tests have improved their sensitivity and specificity. In most instances, these tests are unable to detect mild pancreatic insufficiency. However their reproducibility in individual cases could be useful for the follow-up of patients with proven pancreatic insufficiency, particularly with regard to the efficacy and the compliance of replacement therapy.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Influence of surgical biliary pathology on the diffusion of ceftriaxone in the biliary tract].

Ceftriaxone is a third generation cephalosporin remarkable for its wide distribution in the biliary tract. The purpose of this study was to determine whether biliary tract pathology, as observed during surgery, had an influence on this distribution. 52 patients about to be operated upon and presenting with a high risk of bile infection received a single 1 or 2 g dose of ceftriaxone administered intravenously over 20 min during the hour that preceded surgery. Samples of blood and of bile from the gallbladder (GB) and the common bile duct (CBD), as well as specimens of the GB wall were taken during the operation. In patients whose GB was normal at laparotomy (apart from stones) ceftriaxone concentrations in bile and GB wall were 10-25 and 2 times respectively higher than in plasma. In patients with a grossly distended but not infected GB (hydrocholecystis) ceftriaxone levels were high in CBD bile but null in GB bile and only one-quarter to one-half of plasma levels in GB wall. In patients with stones in the CBD or inflamed GB wall ceftriaxone levels were high in bile (although lower than in cases with normal GB) and similar to plasma levels in GB wall. When malignant pancreatic lesions were present ceftriaxone concentrations could not be measured in both GB and CBD bile but reached 50% of plasma concentrations in GB wall.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Localization of regions of DNA attachment to the nuclear skeleton within chicken alpha-globin genes in functionally active and functionally inactive nuclei].

Short DNA fragments remaining associated with the nuclear skeleton after nuclease treatment and high salt extraction of chicken erythroblasts and erythrocytes nuclei were used as hybridization probes in order to find the positions of DNA attachments to a nuclear skeleton inside the domain of alpha-globin genes. It is found that in erythroblasts nuclei a rather long region including coding sequences is associated with the nuclear skeleton. This region coincides with the region preferentially digested by DNAase I in chromatin. In erythrocytes nuclei, a specific attachment point is found in the region between 4500 and 300 bp upstream to pi-gene. Several attachments in this region are detected also in erythroblast nuclei, but they are not prominent in this case. The results are discussed in terms of the existence of stable (structural) and temporal (functional) attachments of DNA to the nuclear skeleton.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The aged people in hospital. A case report (author's transl)].

Agitated states in the elderly of varying aetiologies are encountered daily in medical practice. Of all medication available, that which gives the most constant and spectacular results is sulpiride at doses of 200 to 600 mg per day preferably by intramuscular injection, at least for initial treatment.

Aged↗